Bond dissociation energies
1. Define the term ‘bond dissociation energy’.
2. Use the information in the table below to calculate approximate energy changes for the following
reactions:
a) CH4(g) + Br2(g) CH3Br(g) + HBr(g)
b) CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
c) H2(g) + F2(g) 2HF(g)
d) N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
bond ΔHb/kJmol-1 bond ΔHb/kJmol-1 bond ΔHb/kJmol-1
C-H +413 H-F +565 C=C +611
C-Br +280 N≡N +945 H-H +435
H-Br +366 F-F +158 N-H +391
Br-Br +193 C=O +805 O=O +498
C-C +347 O-H +464 I-I +151
3. The enthalpy change for the following reaction: H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) is -9 kJmol-1
Use this information and the values in the above table to calculate the bond dissociation energy for
the H-I bond
4. Explain why using bond dissociation energies only give you an approximate value for the overall
energy change
Formation and Combustion Equations
1. Define the term “standard enthalpy of formation”
2. Write equations which represent the standard enthalpy of formation of the following substances:
a) MgO b) CO2 c) C4H10 d) C2H6O e) Al2O3
3. Explain why the enthalpy of formation of all elements is always zero.
4. Define the term “standard enthalpy of combustion”
5. Write equations which represent the standard enthalpy of combustion of the following substances:
a) CH4 b) C6H6 c) C2H6O d) H2 e) Al
6. Identify three substances for which the enthalpy of combustion is zero.
Hess' Law
1. Given the following data:
Substance H2O(l) CO2(g) Ethane C2H6(g) Ethene C2H4(g)
ΔHf/kJmol-1 -286 -393 -84 +52
a) Write equations for the complete combustion of ethene.
b) Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of ethane using the above data.
2. Given the following data:
ΔHf(CH4) = -74.8 kJmol-1, ΔHf(CH3Cl) = -134.5 kJmol-1, ΔHf(HCl) = -92.3 kJmol-1;
Calculate ΔH for the reaction CH4(g) + Cl2(g) → CH3Cl(g) + HCl(g)
3. Given the data:
Substance H2O(l) NH3(g)
ΔHf/kJmol-1 -286 -46
Calculate the enthalpy change of the following reaction:
4NH3(g) + 3O2(g) → 2N2(g) + 6H2O(l)
4. Given the data:
Substance B2H6(g) B2O3(s) C6H6(g) CO2(g) H2O(g)
ΔHf/kJmol-1 +31.4 -1270 +83.9 -393 -242
Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of gaseous diborane and gaseous benzene given that they burn
according to the following equations:
B2H6(g) + 3O2(g) → B2O3(s) + 3H2O(g)
C6H6(g) + 7.5O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)
5. The enthalpy of combustion of ethanol is -1380 kJmol-1. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of
ethanol, given that the enthalpies of formation of carbon dioxide and water are -393.7 and -285.9 kJmol-1
respectively.
6. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of butane (C4H10) from the following data:
Enthalpy of combustion of graphite = -393.6 kJmol-1
Enthalpy of combustion of hydrogen = -285.9 kJmol-1
Enthalpy of combustion of butane = -2877.1 kJmol-1
7. Given the following data:
Substance CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH=CH2 H2
ΔHc/kJmol-1 -2877 -2717 -286
Calculate ΔH for the following reaction: CH3CH2CH=CH2+ H2 → CH3CH2CH2CH3
8. Given the following data:
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) ΔH = -890 kJmol-1
CO(g) + 1/2O2(g) → CO2(g) ΔH = -284 kJmol-1
C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) ΔH = -393 kJmol-1
H2(g) + 1/2O2(g) → H2O(l) ΔH = -286 kJmol-1
Calculate:
a) The enthalpy of formation of methane
b) The enthalpy of formation of carbon monoxide
c) The enthalpy change when methane is burned in limited oxygen to form carbon monoxide and
water.
