Rocks
Rocks
Rock is naturally formed by the addition of minerals or inorganic salts. Humans initially received tools for
hunting and protection from the rocks. They used the rocks as a necessary for the building construction of the
habitats and the necessary material for making monuments. The scientific study of rocks is called petrology,
which is an essential component of geology.
Types of Rocks:
The rocks are classified based on minerals, chemical composition, texture , and formation.The rocks are usually
divided into three major sections. They are
Igneous Rock
Sedimentary Rock
Metamorphic Rock
Igneous rock:
The word 'Igneous’ is derived from the Latin word meaning "fire".Igneous rock is formed through the
cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
This magma may be derived from partial melts of pre-existing rocks in either a planet's mantle or crust.
Typically the melting of rocks is caused by one or more of three processes an increase in temperature, a
decrease in pressure, or a change in composition.
64.7% of the rocks on the Earth's surface are of Igneous Rocks.The Igneous rock were the first to
appear.
The Igneous rock is formed as molten Magma.
For example Igneous rock can be described as rocks, such as the
Andesite,Basalt,Diorite,Gabbro,Granite.
Types of Igneous Rock:
Extrusive or Volcanic igneous rocks
Intervention igneous rocks
Extrusive igneous rocks:
The piston or oven is caused by the migration of the magma to the surface and is gradually evaporated into a
gradual cooling
Intervention rock:
The intervention is formed by the volcanic or fragmentation resulting from the magma that reaches the rock
surface. Examples: Bumism or Basalt.
Types of Intervention rock:
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Rocks
Dyke
Sill
Laccolith
Batholith
Volcanic Pipe
Sedimentary Rock:
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of
that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water.
Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause mineral or organic particles (detritus) to
settle in place.
The rocks formed by deposits cover 75-80% of the land area.
Wind, temperature, water and ice are damaged by rocks. The dense rock particles are mixed in river
waters.The river is made up of river banks in the banks of the lake and oceans.
High levels of carbonates sedimentary rocks are divided into four categories: They are
Clusters
Chemical precipitate
Biogenic deposition rocks
Other types (formed by volcanoes and conflicts)
Types of Sedimentary Rock:
sandrock
shale
Palkuttu rocks
chunnampu rocks
Coal
Classification based on compounds:
Silicate
Carbonate
Evaporation
Carbon-fossilized
Silica
Iron nutrient
Phosphate
Metamorphic (or) Transform rocks:
The Metamorphic rock is a type of rock. Metamorphic rocks are formed by subjecting any rock type
sedimentary rock, igneous rock or another older metamorphic rock to different temperature and pressure
conditions than those in which the original rock was formed.
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Rocks
This process is called metamorphism meaning to "change in form".The result is a profound change in
physical properties and chemistry of the stone.
The Metamorphic involves physical and chemical changes in temperature and high pressure over 150
degrees Celsius.
Marble,Slate,Schist,Gneiss,Quartzite these are the example of the Metamorphic rocks.
Rock cycle:
The rock cycle is a basic concept in geology that describes the time-consuming transitions through
geologic time among the three main rock types sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous. As the adjacent
diagram illustrates each of the types of rocks is altered or destroyed when it is forced out of its
equilibrium conditions.
An igneous rock such as basalt may break down and dissolve when exposed to the atmosphere, or melt
as it is subducted under a continent.Due to the driving forces of the rock cycle plate tectonics and the
water cycle rocks do not remain in equilibrium and are forced to change as they encounter new
environments.
Coral Reefs:
Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by
corals.Coral reefs are built by colonies of tiny animals found in marine water that contain few nutrients.
These can usually grow from 1 mm to 100 cm.
Most coral reefs are built from stony corals which in turn consist of polyps that cluster in groups.The
polyps belong to a group of animals known as Cnidaria which also includes sea anemones and jellyfish.
Unlike sea anemones corals secrete hard carbonate exoskeletons which support and protect the coral
polyps.Most reefs grow best in warm, shallow, clear, sunny and agitated water.
Types of coral Reefs:
Fringing corals reef
Barrier corals reef
Platform or circle corals reef
Atoll
Rare Shapes Rocks:
Todd Rock(Frog rock) - Mount Abu, Rajasthan
Tortoise Rock - Rayson, Madhya Pradesh
Yana - Karnataka State
Marble rocks - Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh
Gilbert Hill – Mumbai
Phantom Rock - Wayanad, Kerala
Volcanoes rock - Saint Mary Island, Karnataka
Pillar rock- Kodaikanal,Tamil Nadu
Mamallapuram Balance Rock
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