TYPE-V AASHTO GIRDER

1.067 m

A 0.127 m
B C B
0.076 m
D D
0.330 m 0.102 m

0.102 m

0.203 m 0.838 m 1.194 m 1.600 m

0.254 m

0.254 m
F F

G 0.203 m

0.711 m

PARTS UNITS Area , A yBZ A*yBZ IZ-Z dZ A*dZ2 IZ IY-Y dY A*dY2 IY IX

m2
m m 3
m4
m m4
m4
m 4
m m4
m
4
m4
A 1 0.13551 1.53650 0.20821 1.82E-04 0.69655 6.57E-02 0.06593 1.29E-02 0.00000 0.00E+00 0.01286 0.00073
B 2 0.02508 1.44767 0.03631 8.05E-06 0.60771 9.26E-03 0.00927 1.52E-04 0.31350 2.46E-03 0.00262 0.00002
C 1 0.03093 1.43500 0.04439 1.49E-05 0.59505 1.10E-02 0.01097 4.27E-04 0.00000 0.00E+00 0.00043 0.00006
D 2 0.01040 1.36300 0.01418 6.01E-06 0.52305 2.85E-03 0.00285 6.01E-06 0.13550 1.91E-04 0.00020 0.00002
E 1 0.24238 0.87600 0.21233 2.88E-02 0.03605 3.15E-04 0.02911 8.32E-04 0.00000 0.00E+00 0.00083 0.00333
F 2 0.06452 0.28767 0.01856 2.31E-04 0.55229 1.97E-02 0.01991 2.31E-04 0.18617 2.24E-03 0.00247 0.00069
G 1 0.14433 0.10150 0.01465 4.96E-04 0.73845 7.87E-02 0.07920 6.08E-03 0.00000 0.00E+00 0.00608 0.00198
TOTAL 0.65316 0.54862 0.21724 0.02548 0.00684

@ z-axis : Summary :
y'TZ = 0.76005 m
y'BZ = 0.83995 m A= 0.65316 m2
IZ = 0.21724
@ y-axis : IY = 0.02548 m4
y'TY = 0.53350 m IX = 0.00684 m4
y'BY = 0.53350 m
 Page of
Project Code :
Designed : Date :
Item : SECTION PROPERTIES Checked : Date :
P39-P40; P41-P42 Filename :

2.3.3 AASHTO GIRDER ( L = 33.10M )

SECTION PROPERTIES
Modulus of elasticity of prestressed concrete girder, Ec = 30286.78 Mpa
Modulus of elasticity of reinforced concrete slab, Ecs = 25028.81 Mpa
Modular ratio, n = Ecs / Ec = 0.826394

WHOLE STRUCTURE
11.600 m

E 0.220 m

A B C D 1.600 m

1.116 m 2.350 m 2.350 m 2.350 m 1.116 m

A) Total Area (AX) for Weight Computation

Girder : No. of girders x Agirder = 5 ´ 0.653 = 3.266 m2
Slab : bt = 11.600 ´ 0.220 = 2.552 m2
Haunch : No. of haunch x Ahaunch = 5 ´ 0.056 = 0.279 m2
Total = 6.097 m2
B) For IX
Girder : No. of girders x IX-X = 5 ´ 0.007 = 0.034 m4
Slab : nbt³ / 3 = 0.826 ´ 11.600 ´ 0.220³ ¸ 3 = 0.034 m4
Total = 0.068 m4
C) For IY
Area, A y Ay d Ad² IY-Y IY = IY-Y + Ad²
Item
(m2) (m) (m3) (m) (m4) (m4) (m4)
A 0.653 8.166 5.334 3.007 5.907 0.025 5.933
B 0.653 5.816 3.799 0.657 0.282 0.025 0.308
C 0.653 3.466 2.264 1.693 1.871 0.025 1.897
D 0.653 1.116 0.729 4.043 10.675 0.025 10.700

F 2.109 5.800 12.232 0.641 0.867 23.648 24.516

Total 4.722 24.357 43.353

D) For IZ
Area, A y Ay d Ad² IZ-Z IZ = IZ-Z + Ad²
Item
(m2) (m) (m3) (m) (m4) (m4) (m4)
A 0.653 0.840 0.549 0.389 0.099 0.217 0.316
B 0.653 0.840 0.549 0.389 0.099 0.217 0.316
C 0.653 0.840 0.549 0.389 0.099 0.217 0.316
D 0.653 0.840 0.549 0.389 0.099 0.217 0.316

F 2.109 1.710 3.606 0.481 0.489 0.009 0.497

Total 4.722 1.229 5.801 1.761
 Page of
Project Code :
Designed : Date :
Item : SECTION PROPERTIES Checked : Date :
P39-P40; P41-P42 Filename :

Unit weight of concrete, gc = 24.00 kN/m3

Unit weight of wearing surface, gwc = 22.00 kN/m3
Span Length = 41.000 m
whole structure per girder
A) GIRDER 78.379 kN/m 15.676 kN/m
Number of girders = 5 pcs
Area of girder = 0.6532 m2

B) SLAB 61.248 kN/m 12.408 kN/m

Main slab thickness = 0.220 m
Main slab width = 11.600 m

C) THICKENING 13.920 kN/m 2.820 kN/m

Main slab thickening = 0.050 m

Main slab width = 11.600 m

D) INTERMEDIATE DIAPHRAGM 6.854 kN/m 1.714 kN/m

Number of intermediate diaphragms = 3 pcs
Intermediate diaphragm length = 2.147 m
Intermediate diaphragm depth = 1.515 m
Intermediate diaphragm width = 0.300 m

E) END DIAPHRAGM 2.605 kN/m 0.868 kN/m

Number of end diaphragms = 2 pcs
End diaphragm length = 1.545 m
End diaphragm depth = 1.600 m
End diaphragm width = 0.300 m

F) WEARING SURFACE 8.800 kN/m 2.585 kN/m

Wearing surface thickness (average) = 0.050 m
Wearing surface width = 8.000 m

G) PARAPET/RAILING 13.728 kN/m 2.746 kN/m

Number of parapet = 2 pcs
Area of parapet = 0.2860 m2

SLAB & GIRDERS WEIGHT 153.547 kN/m 33.486 kN/m

TOTAL SUPERIMPOSED LOADS 31.987 kN/m 5.331 kN/m

TOTAL DEADLOADS 185.534 kN/m 38.816 kN/m

Equivalent Unit Weight 30.430 kN/m3

 Page of
Project Code :
Designed : Date :
Item : PRESTRESSED CONCRETE GIRDER (TYPE-V) Checked : Date :
( P39-P40 / P40-P41 ) Filename :

DESIGN OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE AASHTO GIRDER (TYPE-V)

MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

A) Concrete B) Non-prestressed Reinforcing Steel

Unit weight of structural concrete, gc = 24.00 kN/m³ Yield strength of mild steel rebars, fy :
Unit weight of wearing surface, gws = 22.00 kN/m³ For main reinforcement = 414.00 Mpa
Compressive strength : For stirrups = 275.00 Mpa
Prestressed concrete at transfer, f'ci = 35.00 Mpa Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200000 Mpa
Prestressed concrete 28th day, f'c = 41.00 Mpa Stirrup diameter = 12.00 mm
Cast-in-place concrete 28th day, f'cs = 28.00 Mpa
Modulus of elasticity : E = 0.043w (f'c) (AASHTO 8.7.1)
3/2 1/2

Prestressed concrete at transfer, E'ci = 30799 Mpa

Prestressed concrete 28th day, Ec = 33335 Mpa
Cast-in-place concrete 28th day, Ecs = 27548 Mpa

C) Prestressing Steel (Stress-Relieved Wire or Strand)

Nominal area of 12.70mm diameter high tensile strand, Aps = 98.70 mm²
Corrugated galvanised steel ducts outside diameter, Dd = 73.00 mm
Ultimate tensile strength of prestressing steel, f's = 1860.00 Mpa
Modulus of elasticity of prestressing steel, Es = 195000.00 Mpa
Yield strength of prestressing steel, f*y (0.85fpu for Stress-Relieved Wire or Strand) = 1581.00 Mpa

GEOMETRY AND SECTION PROPERTIES

Girder Length, Lg

500 mm Bearing-to-Bearing Distance, L 500 mm

Girder location ( E - exterior / I - interior ) = I Number of intermediate diaphragms = 3 pcs

Girder length, LG = 41000.00 mm Width of intermediate diaphragm = 300.00 mm
Bearing-to-bearing distance, L = 40000.00 mm Depth of intermediate diaphragm = 1515.00 mm
Number of girders = 5 pcs Length of intermediate diaphragm = 2147.00 mm
Width of slab : Width of haunch = 1117.00 mm
Center-to-center spacing of girders = 2350.00 mm Thickness of haunch = 50.00 mm
Cantilever length of deck slab = 1160.00 mm Width of wearing surface = 8000.00 mm
Thickness of deck slab = 220.00 mm Thickness of wearing surface = 50.00 mm

Standard Section Types :

[ 1 ] Mod. TYPE VI [ 3 ] TYPE III [ 5 ] TYPE IV-A [ 7 ] TYPE V
Modular ratio, n = Ecs/Ec = 0.82639
[ 2 ] TYPE II [ 4 ] TYPE IV [ 6 ] TYPE IV-B [ 8 ] TYPE VI
 Page of
Project Code :
Designed : Date :
Item : PRESTRESSED CONCRETE GIRDER (TYPE-V) Checked : Date :
( P39-P40 / P40-P41 ) Filename :

Selected Girder Type = [ 8 ] TYPE VI

Section @ End Section @ Midspan

TYPE VI
AASHTO GIRDER

Properties Basic Composite Basic Composite

Effective slab width, b (m) - 2.350 - 2.350
Area, A (m²) 1.353 1.826 0.700 1.173
Moment of inertia, I (m4) 0.398 0.772 0.305 0.620
Distance of N.A. from top, Yt (slabtop) (m) - 0.885 - 0.750
Distance of N.A. from top, Yt (girdertop) (m) 0.882 0.615 0.905 0.480
Distance of N.A. from bottom, Yb (m) 0.947 1.214 0.924 1.349
Section modulus at top, St (slab) (m³) - 0.872 - 0.826
Section modulus at top, St (m³) 0.452 1.255 0.337 1.291
Section modulus at bottom, Sb (m³) 0.420 0.636 0.330 0.460
Total height of section, h (m) 1.829 2.099 1.829 2.099
Top flange width, tf (m) 1.067 1.067 1.067 1.067

LOADING PER GIRDER (Dead Load)

Uniform load due to girder weight only :

1) Uniform load due to girder , wgirder = 15.199 kN/m

Uniform load due at slab pouring (except girder weight) :

1) Uniform load due to slab, wslab = 10.94 kN/m
2) Uniform load due to intermediate diaphragm, widiap = 1.073 kN/m
3) Uniform load due to end diaphragm, wediap = 1.148 kN/m

Uniform load due to superimposed dead load :

1) Uniform load due to wearing surface, wws = 2.013 kN/m
2) Uniform load due to sidewalk, wsidewalk = 0.000 kN/m
3) Uniform load due to curb, wcurb = 0.000 kN/m
4) Uniform load due to railing and post, wrailing = 0.960 kN/m

Uniform load due to girder weight only = 15.199 kN/m

Uniform load at slab pouring (except girder weight) = 13.165 kN/m

Uniform load due to superimposed dead load = 2.973 kN/m

Total uniform dead load = 31.337 kN/m

 Page of
Project Code :
Designed : Date :
Item : PRESTRESSED CONCRETE GIRDER (TYPE-V) Checked : Date :
( P39-P40 / P40-P41 ) Filename :

DESIGN FORCES

A) Due to Girder Weight Only (Simple Beam)

Uniform load due to girder weight only = 15.20 kN/m

From End 0.00 4.10 8.20 12.30 16.40 20.50 24.60 28.70 32.80 36.90 41.00 m
MG 0.00 993.93 1888.16 2526.89 2910.13 3037.88 2910.13 2526.89 1888.16 993.93 0.00 kN-m
VG 311.58 241.66 179.35 117.03 54.72 0.00 54.72 117.03 179.35 241.66 311.58 kN

B) Due to Slab, Haunch and Diaphragm (Simple Beam)

Uniform load due to slab, haunch and diaphragm = 13.17 kN/m

From End 0.00 4.10 8.20 12.30 16.40 20.50 24.60 28.70 32.80 36.90 41.00 m
MS 0.00 860.95 1635.54 2188.82 2520.79 2631.44 2520.79 2188.82 1635.54 860.95 0.00 kN-m
VS 269.89 209.33 155.35 101.37 47.40 0.00 47.40 101.37 155.35 209.33 269.89 kN

C) Due to Superimposed Dead Load (Continuous Beam)

Uniform load due to superimposed dead load = 2.97 kN/m

From End 0.00 4.10 8.20 12.30 16.40 20.50 24.60 28.70 32.80 36.90 41.00 m
MSDL 0.00 143.68 237.48 281.40 275.45 219.62 113.92 -41.66 -247.12 -502.45 -807.66 kN-m
VSDL 70.62 49.73 28.84 7.95 12.94 33.83 54.72 75.61 96.50 117.39 138.28 kN

E) Due to Live Load at Service Condition

From End 0.00 4.10 8.20 12.30 16.40 20.50 24.60 28.70 32.80 36.90 41.00 m
MLL2 222.20 231.93 668.48 1005.07 1206.05 1255.76 979.29 791.28 668.48 -209.98 -770.22 kN-m
VLL2 247.87 225.97 199.86 170.80 140.06 108.87 140.06 170.80 199.86 225.97 247.87 kN

F) Due to All Dead Load (Girder, Slab, Haunch, Diaphragm, and Superimposed Dead Load)

From End 0.00 4.10 8.20 12.30 16.40 20.50 24.60 28.70 32.80 36.90 41.00 m
MDL 0.00 1998.57 3761.18 4997.11 5706.37 5888.94 5544.84 4674.05 3276.58 1352.44 -807.66 kN-m
VDL 652.09 500.72 363.54 226.36 115.05 33.83 156.83 294.02 431.20 568.38 719.75 kN

G) Due to All Dead Load and Live Load+Impact at Service Condition (DL + LL+I)

From End 0.00 4.10 8.20 12.30 16.40 20.50 24.60 28.70 32.80 36.90 41.00 m
MDES 222.20 2230.50 4429.66 6002.18 6912.42 7144.70 6524.13 5465.33 3945.06 1142.46 -1577.88 kN-m
VDES 899.96 726.69 563.40 397.16 255.11 142.70 296.89 464.82 631.06 794.35 967.62 kN

MOMENT DIAGRAM
8000.00
7144.70
7000.00 6912.42
Moment

6524.13
6000.00 6002.18 5888.94
5706.37 5544.84 5465.33
5000.00 4997.11
4674.05
4429.66
4000.00 3761.18
3945.06
3276.58
3000.00 2910.13 3037.88 2910.13
2526.89 2520.79 2631.44 2520.79 2526.89
2230.50 2188.82 2188.82
2000.00 1998.57 1888.16 1888.16
1635.54 1635.54
1206.05 1255.76 1352.44
1142.46
1000.00 993.93
860.95 1005.07 979.29
791.28
993.93
860.95
668.48 668.48
222.20 231.93
143.68 237.48 281.40 275.45 219.62 113.92
0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 4.10 8.20 12.30 16.40 20.50 24.60 28.70 32.80 36.90 41.00

Girder Weight Superimposed Dead Load Row 166

Distance From
Total Dead Load
End Live Load w/ Impact Dead Load + Live Load w/ Impact
DESIGN OF PSG
DEAD LOAD COMPUTATION

Span length, S 32.00 m

Girder Length 31.40 m
Unit weight of concrete, g c 24.00 kN/m3
Unit weight of wearing surface, gwc 22.00 kN/m3

per girder
A) GIRDER 15.199 kN/m
Number of girders = 4 pcs
Area of girder @midspan = 0.6118 m2
Area of girder @ end = 0.837 m2
Vol. of girder @ midspan L= 28.40 = 17.375 m3
Vol. of girder @ end span L= 3.0 m = 2.510 m3
Spacing of girders = 2.250 m
B) SLAB 10.94 kN/m
Main slab thickness = 0.200 m
Bridge Main slab width = 9.120 m
C) HAUNCH 0.670 kN/m
Number of haunches = 4 pcs
Haunch thickness = 0.050 m
Haunch width = 0.558 m
C.1) STEEL DECKING
Thick of steel deck = 0 mm 0.000 kN/m
D) INTERMEDIATE DIAPHRAGM 1.073 kN/m
Number of intermediate diaphragms = 2 pcs
Intermediate diaphragm length = 2.047 m
Intermediate diaphragm depth = 1.143 m
Intermediate diaphragm width = 0.300 m
E) END DIAPHRAGM 1.148 kN/m
Number of end diaphragms = 2 pcs
End diaphragm length = 1.590 m
End diaphragm depth = 1.575 m
End diaphragm width = 0.300 m

F) WEARING SURFACE 2.013 kN/m

Wearing surface thickness (average) = 0.050 m
Wearing surface width = 7.320 m

G) SIDEWALK 3.630 kN/m

Number of sidewalks = 2 pc
Sidewalk thickness = 0.275 m
Sidewalk width = 1.100 m

H) RAILING AND POST #VALUE!

Number of Post = 80 Number of Railings = 2 2.102 kN/m
Post Length = 1.100 m Railing depth = 0.20 m 0.960 kN/m
Post Width = 0.25 m Railing width = 0.20 m
Post Depth = 0.25 m

TOTAL 37.739 kN/m

LIVE LOAD COMPUTATION ( per girder )
Girder Span Length, L = 31.40 m
Girder Spacing, S = 2.250 m

15.24
Impact Factor, IF = = 0.220 < 0.300 … use IF = 1.220
L + 38
S
Distribution Factor, DF = = 1.339 … use DF = 1.339
1.68

1) TRUCK LOAD (HS20-44)

72 x 1.339 x 1.220 = 117.60 kN

18 x 1.339 x 1.220 = 29.40 kN

117.60 kN 117.60 kN 29.40 kN

4.27 m 4.27 m

2) LANE LOAD (HS20-44)

Number girders = 4
* Uniform Load 9.40 kN per linear meter of load lane Number of lanes = 2
* Concentrated Load : 80 kN for moment / 116 kN for shear Lane = 3.50 m
-per girder
Uniform Load : 9.40 x 3.500 / 3.050 x (2 / 4) = 5.39 kN/m
Concentrated Load
for Moment : 80.00 x 3.500 / 3.050 x (2 / 4) = 45.90 kN
for Shear : 116.00 x 3.500 / 3.050 x (2 / 4) = 66.56 kN

45.90 kN (for Moment)

66.56 kN (for Shear)
5.39 kN/m
3) MILITARY LOAD

53.50 x 1.339 x 1.220 = 87.39 kN

87.39 kN 87.39 kN

1.22 m

4) PERMIT LOAD ( 1-3 AXLE )

107.00 x 1.339 x 1.220 = 174.77 kN

58.00 x 1.339 x 1.220 = 94.74 kN

174.77 kN 174.77 kN 94.74 kN

5.49 m 5.49 m

5) PERMIT LOAD ( 2-4 AXLE )

107.00 x 1.339 x 1.220 = 174.77 kN

58.00 x 1.339 x 1.220 = 94.74 kN

174.77 kN 174.77 kN 174.77 kN 94.74 kN

5.49 m 5.49 m 5.49 m

DESIGN OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE AASHTO GIRDER (TYPE-IV-B)
INTERNAL GIRDER
MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

A) Concrete B) Non-prestressed Reinforcing Steel

Unit weight of structural concrete, gc = 24.00 kN/m³ Yield strength of mild steel rebars, fy :
Unit weight of wearing surface, gws = 22.00 kN/m³ For main reinforcement = 414.00 MPa
Compressive strength : For stirrups = 275.00 MPa
Prestressed concrete at transfer, f'ci = 35.00 MPa Modulus of elasticity of steel, Es = 200000 MPa
Prestressed concrete 28th day, f'c = 41.00 MPa Stirrup diameter = 12.00 mm
Cast-in-place concrete 28 day, f'cs
th
= 28.00 MPa
Modulus of elasticity : E = 0.043w (f'c)
3/2 1/2

Prestressed concrete at transfer, E'ci = 30799 MPa

Prestressed concrete 28th day, Ec = 33335 MPa
Cast-in-place concrete 28 day, Ecs =
th
27548 MPa

C) Prestressing Steel (High tensile seven-wire uncoated stress relieved strands conforming to AASHTO M203 (ASTM A416)Grade 270.)

Nominal area of 12.70mm diameter high tensile strand, Aps = 98.70 mm²
Corrugated galvanised steel ducts outside diameter, Dd = 73.00 mm
Ultimate tensile strength of prestressing steel, f's = 1862.00 MPa
Yield strength of prestressing steel, f*y (0.85fpu for Stress-Relieved Wire or Strand) = 1582.70 MPa
Modulus of elasticity of prestressing steel, Es = 193053.00 MPa

GEOMETRY AND SECTION PROPERTIES

Girder Length, Lg

500 mm Bearing-to-Bearing Distance, L 500 mm

Girder location ( E - exterior / I - interior ) = I Number of intermediate diaphragms = 2 pcs

Girder length, LG = 31400.00 mm Width of intermediate diaphragm = 300 mm
Bearing-to-bearing distance, L = 30400.00 mm Depth of intermediate diaphragm = 1143 mm
Number of girders = 4 pcs Length of intermediate diaphragm = 2047 mm
Width of slab : Width of haunch = 558.00 mm
Center-to-center spacing of girders = 2.250 m Thickness of haunch = 50.00 mm
Width of wearing surface = 7.32 m
Thickness of deck slab = 200.00 mm Thickness of wearing surface = 50.00 mm

Standard Section Types :

[ 1 ] Mod. TYPE VI [ 3 ] TYPE III [ 5 ] TYPE IV-A [ 7 ] TYPE V
Modular ratio, n = Ecs/Ec = 0.82639
[ 2 ] TYPE II [ 4 ] TYPE IV [ 6 ] TYPE IV-B [ 8 ] TYPE VI

Selected Girder Type = [ 6 ] TYPE IV-B

 Section @ End Section @ Midspan

TYPE IV-B
AASHTO GIRDER

Properties Basic Composite Basic Composite

Effective slab width, b (m) - 2.250 - 2.250
Area, A (m²) 0.837 1.232 0.6118 1.007
Moment of inertia, I (m4) 0.181 0.430 0.170 0.387
Distance of N.A. from top, Yt (m) 0.817 0.759 0.804 0.683
Distance of N.A. from bottom, Yb (m) 0.758 1.066 0.771 1.142
Section modulus at top, St (m³) 0.222 0.566 0.212 0.567
Section modulus at bottom, Sb (m³) 0.239 0.403 0.221 0.339
Total height of section, h (m) 1.575 1.825 1.575 1.825
Top flange width, tf (m) 0.508 0.508 0.508 0.508

LOADING PER GIRDER (Dead Load)

Uniform load due to girder weight only :

1) Uniform load due to girder , wgirder = 15.199 kN/m

Uniform load due at slab pouring (except girder weight) :

1) Uniform load due to slab, wslab = 10.94 kN/m
2) Uniform load due to haunch + Steel Decking, wslab = 0.670 kN/m
3) Uniform load due to intermediate diaphragm, widiap = 1.073 kN/m
4) Uniform load due to end diaphragm, wediap = 1.148 kN/m

Uniform load due to superimposed dead load :

1) Uniform load due to wearing surface, wws = 2.013 kN/m
2) Uniform load due to sidewalk, wsidewalk = 3.630 kN/m
3) Uniform load due to curb, wcurb = 0.000 kN/m
4) Uniform load due barrier = 0.960 kN/m

Uniform load due to girder weight only = 15.199 kN/m

Uniform load at slab pouring (except girder weight) = 13.835 kN/m

Uniform load due to superimposed dead load = 6.603 kN/m

Total uniform dead load = 35.637 kN/m

DESIGN FORCES

A) Due to Girder Weight Only (Simple Beam)

Uniform load due to girder weight only = 15.199 kN/m

From End 0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40 m
MG 0.00 632.08 1123.70 1474.85 1685.55 1755.78 1685.55 1474.85 1123.70 632.08 0.00 kN-m
VG 231.02 184.82 138.61 92.41 46.20 0.00 46.20 92.41 138.61 184.82 231.02 kN

B) Due to Slab, Haunch and Diaphragm (Simple Beam)

Uniform load due to slab, haunch and diaphragm = 13.84 kN/m

From End 0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40 m
MS 0.00 575.36 1022.86 1342.51 1534.29 1598.22 1534.29 1342.51 1022.86 575.36 0.00 kN-m
VS 210.29 168.23 126.18 84.12 42.06 0.00 42.06 84.12 126.18 168.23 210.29 kN

C) Due to Superimposed Dead Load (Simple Beam)

Uniform load due to superimposed dead load = 6.60 kN/m

From End 0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40 m
MSDL 0.00 274.60 488.18 640.73 732.27 762.78 732.27 640.73 488.18 274.60 0.00 kN-m
VSDL 100.37 80.29 60.22 40.15 20.07 0.00 20.07 40.15 60.22 80.29 100.37 kN

D) Due to Live Load (Simple Beam) Imp Fact. = 15.24/(L+38) = 0.220 Distribution Fact. = S / 1.68 = 1.339
Overload Factor = 1.25
A) Truck Loading : B) Lane Loading :
1) Moment 1) Moment

CL 45.90 kN
72 kN 72 kN 18 kN 5.39 kN/m

10.93 m 4.27 m 4.27 m 10.93 m 30.40 m

30.40 m
R = 88.58 kN R = 104.93 kN
Width of one lan = 3.5 m
MCL = 88.58 x 15.20 - 72.00 x 4.27 No. of lanes = 2 lanes
= 1039.05 kN-m 5.39 x 30.40² 45.90 x 30.40
MCL = +
MLL+I = 1039.05 x 1.339 x 1.220 8 4
= 1697.17 kN-m … Governs ! = 971.90 kN-m

2) Shear 2) Shear
72 kN 72 kN 18 kN 66.56 kN 5.39 kN/m

4.27 m 4.27 m 21.86 m 30.40 m

30.40 m
R = 146.83 kN R = 148.54 kN … Governs !
From End 0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40 m
MLL1 0.00 439.87 879.74 1319.60 1614.82 1697.17 1614.82 1319.60 879.74 439.87 0.00 kN-m
VLL1 299.79 266.71 233.64 200.56 167.48 134.41 167.48 200.56 233.64 266.71 299.79 kN

E) Due to Live Load at Service Condition

From End 0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40 m
MLL2 0.00 439.87 879.74 1319.60 1614.82 1697.17 1614.82 1319.60 879.74 439.87 0.00 kN-m
VLL2 299.79 266.71 233.64 200.56 167.48 134.41 167.48 200.56 233.64 266.71 299.79 kN

F) Due to All Dead Load (Girder, Slab, Haunch, Diaphragm, and Superimposed Dead Load)

From End 0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40 m
MDL 0.00 1482.04 2634.74 3458.09 3952.11 4116.78 3952.11 3458.09 2634.74 1482.04 0.00 kN-m
VDL 541.68 433.35 325.01 216.67 108.34 0.00 108.34 216.67 325.01 433.35 541.68 kN

G) Due to All Dead Load and Live Load+Impact at Service Condition (DL + LL2+I)

From End 0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40 m
MDES 0.00 1921.91 3514.47 4777.70 5566.93 5813.95 5566.93 4777.70 3514.47 1921.91 0.00 kN-m
VDES 841.47 700.06 558.65 417.23 275.82 134.41 275.82 417.23 558.65 700.06 841.47 kN

MOMENT DIAGRAM
7000.00
5813.95
6000.00 5566.93 5566.93
Moment

4777.70 4777.70
5000.00
3952.11 4116.78 3952.11
4000.00 3514.47 3458.09 3458.09 3514.47

3000.00 2634.74 2634.74

1921.91 1921.91
2000.00 1482.04 1755.78
1482.04
1685.55
1614.82 1697.17
1598.22 1685.55
1614.82
1474.85 1534.29 1534.29 1474.85
1342.51
1319.60 1342.51
1319.60
1123.70 1123.70
1000.00 1022.86
879.74 762.78
1022.86
879.74
632.08 640.73 732.27 732.27 640.73 632.08
575.36 488.18 488.18 575.36
0.00 439.87
274.60
439.87
274.60 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40

Girder Weight Superimposed Dead Load Row 165

Distance From End
Total Dead Load Live Load w/ Impact Dead Load + Live Load w/ Impact

SHEAR DIAGRAM
900.00
841.47 841.47
800.00
700.00 700.06 700.06
Shear

600.00
541.68 558.65 558.65 541.68
500.00
433.35 417.23 417.23 433.35
400.00
325.01 325.01
300.00299.79 275.82 275.82
299.79
266.71 266.71
231.02 233.64 216.67 216.67 233.64 231.02
200.00210.29 184.82
168.23
200.56
167.48 167.48
200.56 184.82
168.23
210.29
138.61
126.18 134.41 138.61
126.18
100.00100.37 92.41 108.34 108.34 92.41 100.37
80.29 84.12 84.12 80.29
60.22 46.20
42.06 46.20
42.06 60.22
40.15 40.15
20.07 20.07
0.00 0.00

0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40
Distance From End
Girder Weight Superimposed Dead Load Row 171 Total Dead Load Live Load w/ Impact Dead Load + Live Load w/ Impact
DETERMINE PRELIMINARY NUMBER OF STRANDS

Maximum moment at midspan during service condition, MDESIGN = 5813.95 kN-m

Assumed trial eccentricity, etrial = 1.04 m
Computed P = MDESIGN / [(Sbot/A)+etrial] = 4216.94 kN
Assumed jacking force = 80.00 %
Assumed prestress loss = 35.00 %
Computed total area of prestressing strands = 4355.27 mm²
Computed quantity of 12.70mm diameter prestressing strands (trial) = 44.13 pcs

ACTUAL ECCENTRICITY "e"

Cable Number of Strands Cable Location from Bottom of Girder @ N x Ee N x Ec

Designation (N) End ( Ee ) Center ( Ec )
C1 12 1.300 0.110 15.600 1.320
C2 12 0.850 0.110 10.200 1.320
C3 19 0.400 0.110 7.600 2.090
C4 0.000 0.000
C5 0.000 0.000
C6 0.000 0.000
TOTAL 43 33.400 4.730

Center of Gravity of Cables at End from Bottom of Girder = 33.400 ¸ 43 = 0.7767 m

Center of Gravity of Cables at Center from Bottom of Girde = 4.730 ¸ 43 = 0.110 m

X² = KY where : X = half of girder length = 15.200 m \ Constant K = 15.200² ¸ 0.667

Y = 0.7767 - 0.1100 = 0.66674 m = 346.520
midspan
0.000 m 3.040 m 6.080 m 9.120 m 12.160 m
Distance From Left End 15.200 m
30.400 m 27.360 m 24.320 m 21.280 m 18.240 m
Basic Section
Distance of N.A. to bottom 0.758 m 0.771 m 0.771 m 0.771 m 0.771 m 0.771 m
"e" From Bottom of Girder 0.7767 m 0.5367 m 0.3500 m 0.217 m 0.137 m 0.110 m
Actual "e" for Basic 0.0184 m 0.2341 m 0.4208 m 0.5542 m 0.6342 m 0.66085 m
Composite Section
Distance of N.A. to bottom 1.066 m 1.142 m 1.142 m 1.142 m 1.142 m 1.142 m
"e" From Bottom of Girder 0.7767 m 0.5367 m 0.3500 m 0.2167 m 0.1367 m 0.1100 m
Actual "e" for Composite 0.289 m 0.606 m 0.792 m 0.926 m 1.006 m 1.032 m

Note :
1) Negative (-) sign denotes tendon is above the neutral axis of the section considered.
2) Positive (+) sign denotes tendon is below the neutral axis of the section considered.
COMPUTATION OF LOSSES

1) INSTANTANEOUS LOSSES/IMMEDIATE LOSSES

A) Loss due to Friction, FR cgc CL

Friction wobble coefficient, K = 0.00492 /m Pj
Friction curvature coefficient, m = 0.250 /rad q cgs e
Jacking stress at anchorage, TO = 0.80f's = 1489.60 MPa PCL
Slope of tendon at section considered, s = 2(0.5L G
-x) / K e
Angular change, q = send - sx
x
TO
Effective stress at section, TX =
e (Kx+mq)

*** Considering two-end jacking

Distance from left end, x 0.00 30.40 3.04 27.36 6.08 24.32 9.12 21.28 12.16 18.24 15.20 m
Eccentricity, e 0.0184 0.2341 0.4208 0.5542 0.6342 0.6609 m
Slope, s 0.08773 0.070 0.053 0.035 0.018 0.000
Angular change, q 0.0000 0.0175 0.0351 0.0526 0.0702 0.0877 rad
Effective stress, TX 1489.60 1461.06 1433.07 1405.62 1378.69 1352.28 MPa
Loss due to friction, (MPa) 0.00 28.54 56.53 83.98 110.91 137.32 MPa
Loss due to friction, (kN) 0.00 121.11 239.91 356.42 470.71 582.80 kN
Percent Loss 0.00 1.92 3.79 5.64 7.45 9.22 %
B) Loss due to Anchorage Draw-in, AD
By assuming a linear loss of tension due to friction (a valid hypothesis for most cases), the value of L' (distance affected by
the draw-in of the wedges and AD (loss of force at the anchorage) may be calculated as follows:
Anchorage slip (wedge draw-in), D = 6.00 mm P - PL
p' = O
Number of prestressing strands used = 43 pcs L PO
Jacking force at anchorage, PO = 6322.01 kN
AD
Effective force at critical section, PL = 5739.21 kN AD = 2p'L'
Prestress loss per meter, p' = 19.17 kN/m L' PL
Distance affected by draw-in, L' = 16.01 m DEsAs
L' =
Loss due to anchorage draw-in, AD = 144.67 Mpa p' Length of Tendon, L

Distance from left end 0.00 30.40 3.04 27.36 6.08 24.32 9.12 21.28 12.16 18.24 15.20 m
Loss due to draw-in, AD (MPa) 144.67 117.20 89.74 62.28 34.81 7.35 MPa
Percent Loss 9.71 7.87 6.02 4.18 2.34 0.49 %

C) Loss due to Elastic Shortening, ES

Initial prestressing force, Pi = 6322.01 kN where :
Modulus of elasticity of strands, Es = 193053 Mpa 0.50Esfcir Fi Pie² MGe
ES = fcir = + -
Modulus of elasticity of concrete, Eci = 27983 Mpa Eci A I I

Distance from end 0.00 30.40 3.04 27.36 6.08 24.32 9.12 21.28 12.16 18.24 15.20 m
Girder weight moment, MG 0.00 632.08 1123.70 1474.85 1685.55 1755.78 kN-m
Eccentricity, e 0.018 0.234 0.421 0.554 0.634 0.661 kN-m
Fi = Pi-Fric Loss-Anch Loss 5708.0 5703.5 5701.2 5701.3 5703.6 5708.0 kN
Stress @ transfer, fcir 6.83 10.29 12.47 14.81 16.52 17.16 MPa
Elastic shortening loss, ES 23.57 35.49 43.03 51.07 56.99 59.20 MPa
Percent Loss 1.582 2.383 2.888 3.428 3.826 3.974 %
D) Effective Prestress After Instantaneous Losses

Distance from end 0.00 30.40 3.04 27.36 6.08 24.32 9.12 21.28 12.16 18.24 15.20 m
Friction, FR 0.00 28.54 56.53 83.98 110.91 137.32 MPa
Anchorage Draw-in, AD 144.67 117.20 89.74 62.28 34.81 7.35 MPa
Elastic Shortening, ES 23.57 35.49 43.03 51.07 56.99 59.20 MPa
Initial Losses, Lossi 168.24 181.24 189.29 197.33 202.71 203.87 MPa
Percent Loss 11.29 12.17 12.71 13.25 13.61 13.69 %

Effective Prestress After 1321.36 1308.36 1300.31 1292.27 1286.89 1285.73 MPa
Instantaneous Losses, si 5608.00 5552.83 5518.63 5484.53 5461.68 5456.78 kN

2) TIME-DEPENDENT LOSSES

A) Loss due to Concrete Shrinkage, SH

Mean annual ambient relative humidity, RH = 80.00 % (in Manila)
Loss due to concrete shrinkage, SH = 0.80(117.21 - 1.034RH) MS+SDLe
fcds =
= 27.59 Mpa (for all sections) I
Percent loss = 1.852 %
B) Loss due to Creep of Concrete, CRc (ALL CALCULATED AT MIDSPAN)
Loss due to creep of concrete, Crc = 12f cir
- 7fcds where : (Mcdl x e2) (Mncdl x e1)
fcds = +
Note: fcds is due to all dead loads except girder weight Icomp Ibasic
Distance from end 0.00 30.40 3.04 27.36 6.08 24.32 9.12 21.28 12.16 18.24 15.20 m
Mcdl 762.78 762.78 762.78 762.78 762.78 762.78 kN-m
Mncdl 1598.22 1598.22 1598.22 1598.22 1598.22 1598.22 kN-m
Mcdl + Mncdl 2361.00 2361.00 2361.00 2361.00 2361.00 2361.00 kN-m
Eccentricity,e1(basic section) 0.661 0.661 0.661 0.661 0.661 0.661 m
Eccentricity,e2(comp section) Err:522 Err:522 Err:522 Err:522 Err:522 Err:522 m
Inon-comp 0.181 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.170 m4
Icomp 0.430 0.387 0.387 0.387 0.387 0.387 m4
Concrete stress, fcds 8.24 8.24 8.24 8.24 8.24 8.24 Mpa
Loss due to creep, CRc 148.23 148.23 148.23 148.23 148.23 148.23 Mpa
Percent Loss 9.95 9.95 9.95 9.95 9.95 9.95 %
C) Loss due to Relaxation of Steel, CRs (ALL CALCULATED AT MIDSPAN)
Loss due to relaxation of steel, CR = 138 - 0.30FR - 0.40ES - 0.20(SH+CRc)
Distance from end 0.00 30.40 3.04 27.36 6.08 24.32 9.12 21.28 12.16 18.24 15.20 m
Relaxation loss, CRs 37.96 37.96 37.96 37.96 37.96 37.96 Mpa
Percent Loss 2.55 2.55 2.55 2.55 2.55 2.55 %
D) Total Losses and Effective Prestress After All Losses

Distance from end 0.00 31.40 3.14 28.26 6.28 25.12 9.42 21.98 12.56 18.84 15.70 m
Initial Losses, Lossi 168.24 181.24 189.29 197.33 202.71 203.87 Mpa
Concrete Shrinkage, SH 27.59 27.59 27.59 27.59 27.59 27.59 Mpa
Creep of Concrete, CRc 148.23 148.23 148.23 148.23 148.23 148.23 Mpa
Relaxation of Steel, CRs 37.96 37.96 37.96 37.96 37.96 37.96 Mpa
Total Losses, Lossf 382.02 395.02 403.08 411.11 416.50 417.65 Mpa
Percent Loss 25.65 26.52 27.06 27.60 27.96 28.04 %

Effective Prestress
After All Losses, sf 1107.58 1094.58 1086.52 1078.49 1073.10 1071.95 Mpa
GENERAL EQUATION AND ALLOWABLE STRESSES
GENERAL EQUATION :
where :
P Pe M ftop = Stresses at top of section, Mpa e = Eccentricity of strand, m
ftop = - +
A St St fbot = Stresses at bottom of section, Mpa St = Section modulus at top, m³
P Pe M P = Prestressing force of strand, kN Sb = Section modulus at bottom, m³
fbot = + -
A Sb Sb A = Area of section, m² M = Moment at section, kN-m

ALLOWABLE STRESSES :

Prestressing Steel :
Post-tensioned members
Stress immediately after seating at anchorage = 0.70f's = 1303.40 Mpa
Stress immediately after seating at the end of the seating loss zo = 0.83f*y = 1313.64 Mpa
Tensioning to 0.90f*y for short periods of time prior to seating
may be permitted to offset seating and friction losses provided
the stress at the anchorage does not exceed the above value. = 0.90f*y = 1424.43 Mpa
Stress at service load after losses = 0.80f*y = 1266.16 Mpa

Concrete :
1) Temporary Stresses Before Losses Due to Creep and Shrinkage
Compression
For post-tensioned members = 0.55f'ci = 19.25 Mpa
Tension
In areas with no bonded reinforcement = 0.25(f'ci)½ or 1.40 Mpa = 1.40 Mpa
Maximum tensile stress (bonded reinforcement) = 0.62(f'ci)½ = 3.67 Mpa

2) Stress at Service Load After All Losses Have Occurred

Compression
For post-tensioned members = 0.40f'c = 16.40 Mpa
For cast-in-place members = 0.40f'cs = 11.20 Mpa
Tension
For members with bonded reinforcement = 0.50(f'c)½ = 3.20 Mpa
For severe corrosive exposure conditions, i.e. coastal areas = 0.25(f'c)½ = 1.60 Mpa
For members without bonded reinforcement = 0.00 Mpa
ACTUAL STRESSES

1) INITIAL PRESTRESS FORCE + GIRDER WEIGHT (Basic Section)

From End 0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40 m
Pi 5608.00 5552.83 5518.63 5484.53 5461.68 5456.78 5461.68 5484.53 5518.63 5552.83 5608.00 kN
A 0.837 0.612 0.612 0.612 0.612 0.612 0.612 0.612 0.612 0.612 0.837 m²
St 0.222 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.222 m³
Sb 0.239 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.239 m³
e 0.018 0.234 0.421 0.554 0.634 0.661 0.634 0.554 0.421 0.234 0.018 m
MG 0.00 632.08 1123.70 1474.85 1685.55 1755.78 1685.55 1474.85 1123.70 632.08 0.00 kN-m
Stresses @ Top
(+) P/A 6.70 9.08 9.02 8.96 8.93 8.92 8.93 8.96 9.02 9.08 6.70 Mpa
(-) Pie/St -0.47 -6.14 -10.98 -14.37 -16.37 -17.04 -16.37 -14.37 -10.98 -6.14 -0.47 Mpa
(+) MG/St 0.00 2.99 5.31 6.97 7.97 8.30 7.97 6.97 5.31 2.99 0.00 Mpa
ftop 6.24 5.92 3.35 1.57 0.52 0.17 0.52 1.57 3.35 5.92 6.24 Mpa
Type Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression

Remarks OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Mpa
Stresses @ Bottom :
(+) P/A 6.70 9.08 9.02 8.96 8.93 8.92 8.93 8.96 9.02 9.08 6.70 Mpa
(+) Pie/Sb 0.43 5.89 10.52 13.77 15.69 16.34 15.69 13.77 10.52 5.89 0.43 Mpa
(-) MG/Sb 0.00 -2.86 -5.09 -6.68 -7.64 -7.95 -7.64 -6.68 -5.09 -2.86 0.00 Mpa
fbot 7.13 12.10 14.45 16.05 16.98 17.30 16.98 16.05 14.45 12.10 7.13 Mpa
Type Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression

Remarks OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Mpa
Allowable Stresses : fcompression = 0.55f'ci = 19.25 Mpa
ftension = -0.25(f''ci)½ or -1.40 Mpa = -1.40 Mpa

STRESSES @ TRANSFER

20.00
19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25

16.98 17.30 16.98

Stresses

15.00 16.05 16.05

14.45 14.45

12.10 12.10
10.00

7.13 7.13
5.00 6.24 5.92 5.92 6.24

3.35 3.35

0.00 1.57 1.57

0.52 0.17 0.52

-1.40 -1.40 -1.40 -1.40 -1.40 -1.40 -1.40 -1.40 -1.40 -1.40 -1.40

-5.00
0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40
Distance From End Stress @ T op Allowable Compressive Stress Stress @ Bottom

Allowable T ensile Stress

 2) INITIAL PRESTRESS + FULL DEAD LOAD (Basic Section)

From End 0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40 m
Pi 5608.00 5552.83 5518.63 5484.53 5461.68 5456.78 5461.68 5484.53 5518.63 5552.83 5608.00 kN
A 0.837 0.612 0.612 0.612 0.612 0.612 0.612 0.612 0.612 0.612 0.837 m²
St 0.222 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.222 m³
Sb 0.239 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.239 m³
e 0.018 0.234 0.421 0.554 0.634 0.661 0.634 0.554 0.421 0.234 0.018 m
MDL 0.00 1482.04 2634.74 3458.09 3952.11 4116.78 3952.11 3458.09 2634.74 1482.04 0.00 kN-m
Stresses @ Top
(+) Pi/A 6.70 9.08 9.02 8.96 8.93 8.92 8.93 8.96 9.02 9.08 6.70 Mpa
(-) Pie/St -0.47 -6.14 -10.98 -14.37 -16.37 -17.04 -16.37 -14.37 -10.98 -6.14 -0.47 Mpa
(+) MG/St 0.00 7.00 12.45 16.34 18.68 19.46 18.68 16.34 12.45 7.00 0.00 Mpa
ftop 6.24 9.94 10.50 10.94 11.24 11.33 11.24 10.94 10.50 9.94 6.24 Mpa
Type Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression

Remarks OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Mpa
Stresses @ Bottom :
(+) P/A 6.70 9.08 9.02 8.96 8.93 8.92 8.93 8.96 9.02 9.08 6.70 Mpa
(+) Pie/Sb 0.43 5.89 10.52 13.77 15.69 16.34 15.69 13.77 10.52 5.89 0.43 Mpa
(-) MG/Sb 0.00 -6.71 -11.94 -15.67 -17.91 -18.65 -17.91 -15.67 -11.94 -6.71 0.00 Mpa
fbot 7.13 8.25 7.60 7.07 6.71 6.61 6.71 7.07 7.60 8.25 7.13 Mpa
Type Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression

Remarks OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Mpa
Allowable Stresses : fcompression = 0.55f'ci = 19.25 Mpa
ftension = -0.25(f''ci)½ or -1.40 Mpa = -1.40 Mpa

STRESSES @ SLAB POURING

20.00
19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25 19.25
Stresses

15.00

10.00 10.94 11.24 11.33 11.24 10.94

10.50 10.50
9.94 9.94
8.25 8.25
7.60 7.60
7.13 7.07 6.71 6.71 7.07 7.13
6.61
5.00 6.24 6.24

0.00

-1.40 -1.40 -1.40 -1.40 -1.40 -1.40 -1.40 -1.40 -1.40 -1.40 -1.40

-5.00
0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40
Distance From End Stress @ T op Allowable Compressive Stress Stress @ Bottom

Allowable T ensile Stress

 3) EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS FORCE + FULL DEAD LOAD (Composite Section)

From End 0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40 m
Pf 4700.67 4645.50 4611.30 4577.20 4554.35 4549.45 4554.35 4577.20 4611.30 4645.50 4700.67 kN
A 1.232 1.007 1.007 1.007 1.007 1.007 1.007 1.007 1.007 1.007 1.232 m²
St 0.566 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.566 m³
Sb 0.403 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.403 m³
e 0.289 0.606 0.792 0.926 1.006 1.032 1.006 0.926 0.792 0.606 0.289 m
MDL 0.00 1482.04 2634.74 3458.09 3952.11 4116.78 3952.11 3458.09 2634.74 1482.04 0.00 kN-m
Stresses @ Top
(+) Pf/A 3.82 4.61 4.58 4.55 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.55 4.58 4.61 3.82 Mpa
(-) Pfe/St -2.40 -4.96 -6.45 -7.48 -8.08 -8.29 -8.08 -7.48 -6.45 -4.96 -2.40 Mpa
(+) MDL/St 0.00 2.62 4.65 6.10 6.97 7.26 6.97 6.10 4.65 2.62 0.00 Mpa
ftop 1.41 2.27 2.78 3.17 3.42 3.50 3.42 3.17 2.78 2.27 1.41 Mpa
Type Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression

Remarks OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Mpa
Stresses @ Bottom :
(+) P/A 3.82 4.61 4.58 4.55 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.55 4.58 4.61 3.82 Mpa
(+) Pfe/Sb 3.37 8.31 10.79 12.51 13.52 13.87 13.52 12.51 10.79 8.31 3.37 Mpa
(-) MDL/Sb 0.00 -4.38 -7.78 -10.21 -11.67 -12.15 -11.67 -10.21 -7.78 -4.38 0.00 Mpa
fbot 7.19 8.54 7.59 6.85 6.38 6.23 6.38 6.85 7.59 8.54 7.19 Mpa
Type Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression

Remarks OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Mpa
Allowable Stresses : fcompression = 0.40f'ci = 16.40 Mpa
ftension = = 0.00 Mpa

STRESSES DUE TO DEAD LOAD ONLY @ SERVICE CONDITION

20.00
Stresses

15.00 16.40 16.40 16.40 16.40 16.40 16.40 16.40 16.40 16.40 16.40 16.40

10.00

8.54 8.54
7.19 7.59 7.59 7.19
6.85 6.85
5.00 6.38 6.23 6.38

3.17 3.42 3.50 3.42 3.17

2.78 2.78
2.27 2.27
0.00 1.41 1.41
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

-5.00
0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40
Distance From End Stress @ T op Allowable Compressive Stress Stress @ Bottom

Allowable T ensile Stress

 4) EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS FORCE + FULL DEAD LOAD + EXPECTED LIVE LOAD (Composite Section)

From End 0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40 m
Pf 4700.67 4645.50 4611.30 4577.20 4554.35 4549.45 4554.35 4577.20 4611.30 4645.50 4700.67 kN
A 1.232 1.007 1.007 1.007 1.007 1.007 1.007 1.007 1.007 1.007 1.232 m²
St 0.566 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.566 m³
Sb 0.403 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.339 0.403 m³
e 0.289 0.606 0.792 0.926 1.006 1.032 1.006 0.926 0.792 0.606 0.289 m
MDES 0.00 1921.91 3514.47 4777.70 5566.93 5813.95 5566.93 4777.70 3514.47 1921.91 0.00 kN-m
Stresses @ Top
(+) Pf/A 3.82 4.61 4.58 4.55 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.55 4.58 4.61 3.82 Mpa
(-) Pfe/St -2.40 -4.96 -6.45 -7.48 -8.08 -8.29 -8.08 -7.48 -6.45 -4.96 -2.40 Mpa
(+) MDES/St 0.00 3.39 6.20 8.43 9.82 10.26 9.82 8.43 6.20 3.39 0.00 Mpa
ftop 1.41 3.04 4.34 5.50 6.27 6.49 6.27 5.50 4.34 3.04 1.41 Mpa
Type Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression

Remarks OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Mpa
Stresses @ Bottom :
(+) P/A 3.82 4.61 4.58 4.55 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.55 4.58 4.61 3.82 Mpa
(+) Pfe/Sb 3.37 8.31 10.79 12.51 13.52 13.87 13.52 12.51 10.79 8.31 3.37 Mpa
(-) MDES/Sb 0.00 -5.67 -10.38 -14.11 -16.44 -17.17 -16.44 -14.11 -10.38 -5.67 0.00 Mpa
fbot 7.19 7.25 4.99 2.95 1.61 1.22 1.61 2.95 4.99 7.25 7.19 Mpa
Type Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression Compression

Remarks OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK Mpa
Allowable Stresses : fcompression = 0.40f'ci = 16.40 Mpa
ftension = = 0.00 Mpa

STRESSES DUE TO DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOAD @ SERVICE CONDITION

20.00

16.40 16.40 16.40 16.40 16.40 16.40 16.40 16.40 16.40 16.40 16.40
Stresses

15.00

10.00

7.19 7.25 7.25 7.19

6.27 6.49 6.27
5.50 5.50
5.00 4.99
4.34
4.99
4.34
3.04 2.95 2.95 3.04
1.41 1.61 1.22 1.61 1.41
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

-5.00
0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40
Distance From End S tress @ T op A llowable Compressive S tress Stress @ Bottom

A llowable T ensile S tress

ULTIMATE FLEXURAL STRENGTH

Flange thickness, t = 200.00 mm for g* : for b1 :

Area of prestressing steel, As* = 4244.10 mm² 0.28 - for low-relaxation steel 0.80 - for f'c = 35.00 Mpa
Width of flange, b = 2250.00 mm 0.40 - for stress-relieved steel 0.75 - for f'c = 41.00 Mpa
Factor for type of prestressing steel, g = 0.40 0.55 - for bars
Factor for concrete strength, b1 = 0.75

Moment Capacity : Factored Moment :

r*fsu*
fMn = As*fsu*d 1 - 0.60 must be greater than Mu = 1.30(MDL + 1.67MLL1+I)
f'c

where : d = Distance from extreme compressive fiber to centroid of the prestressing force
r* = Ratio of prestressing steel = As*/bd
fsu* = Average stress in prestressing steel at ultimate load = f' s[1-(g*/b1)(r*f's/f'c)]
a' = Equivalent rectangular stress block = (As*fsu*) / (0.85f'cb)

From End 0.00 3.04 6.08 9.42 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40 m
d 1.048 1.288 1.475 1.608 1.688 1.715 1.688 1.608 1.475 1.288 1.048 m
r* 0.00180 0.00146 0.00128 0.00117 0.00112 0.00110 0.00112 0.00117 0.00128 0.00146 0.00180
fsu* 1780.85 1795.97 1804.32 1809.11 1811.61 1812.40 1811.61 1809.11 1804.32 1795.97 1780.85 Mpa
a' 96.39 97.21 97.66 97.92 98.05 98.10 98.05 97.92 97.66 97.21 96.39 mm
Remarks t > a' t > a' t > a' t > a' t > a' t > a' t > a' t > a' t > a' t > a' t > a'
fMN 6796.14 8497.58 9822.18 10768.77 11336.86 11526.25 11336.86 10768.77 9822.18 8497.58 6796.14 kN-m
MDL 0.00 1482.04 2634.74 3458.09 3952.11 4116.78 3952.11 3458.09 2634.74 1482.04 0.00 kN-m
* MLL+I 0.00 439.87 879.74 1319.60 1614.82 1697.17 1614.82 1319.60 879.74 439.87 0.00 kN-m
MU 0.00 2498.48 4568.82 6211.01 7237.01 7558.14 7237.01 6211.01 4568.82 2498.48 0.00 kN-m
Remarks safe safe safe safe safe safe safe safe safe safe safe
Note : * MLL+I - from Permit Load (4-axle)

SHEAR STRENGTH
Shear strength provided by concrete will be the lesser value between this two equations :
1) Vci = 49.80(f'c)½b'd + Vd + (ViMcr/Mmax) > Min Vci = 141(f'c)½b'd
2) Vcw = [(290(f'c)½ + 0.30fpc) b'd] + Vp (for simplicity, we assumed Vp equal to zero in favor of stability)
Vci = Nominal shear strength provided by concrete when diagonal cracking results from combined shear and moment
Vcw = Nom. shear strength provided by concrete when diagonal cracking results from excessive principal tensile stress in web
VU = Factored shear force at section Vd = Shear force at section due to unfactored girder weight
Vi = Fact. shear force at section due to externally applied loads occuring simultaneously with M max
Vp = Vertical component of effective prestress force at section Md = Unfactored moment due to girder weight
Mcr = Moment causing flexural cracking at section due to externally applied loads = (Sbot)(498(f'c)½ + fpe - fd)
Mmax = Max. factored moment at section due to externally applied loa For Mcr : Sbot = Section modulus at bottom
b' = width of web of a flanged member fd = Stress due to unfactored dead load
d = distance from extreme compressive fiber to centroid of the prestressing force
fpe = Compressive stress in concrete due to effective prestress forces only (after allowance for all prestress losses) at extreme fiber of
section where tensile stress is caused by externally applied loads
fpc = Comp.stress in conc.(after allowance for all losses)at centroid of cross section resisting externally
applied loads or at junction of web and flange when the centroid lies within the flan S = Computed spacing of 2leg stirrups
Pf = Effective prestressing force after all losses e = Actual eccentricity of prestressing strands
A = Cross-sectional area of section considere s = Shear strength provided by web reinforcement = (Vu/f) - Vc where f = 0.85
V
 CALCULATION OF STIRRUP REQUIREMENT 1.575 0.771 0.661

From End 0.00 3.04 6.08 9.12 12.16 15.20 18.24 21.28 24.32 27.36 30.40 m
VSLAB+DIAPH 210.29 168.23 126.18 84.12 42.06 0.00 42.06 84.12 126.18 168.23 210.29 kN
VSIDL
SHEAR

100.37 80.29 60.22 40.15 20.07 0.00 20.07 40.15 60.22 80.29 100.37 kN
* VLL+I (ov) 299.79 266.71 233.64 200.56 167.48 134.41 167.48 200.56 233.64 266.71 299.79 kN
Vi 1054.70 902.12 749.54 596.96 444.38 291.80 444.38 596.96 749.54 902.12 1054.70 kN
Md (Girder) 0.00 632.08 1123.70 1474.85 1685.55 1755.78 1685.55 1474.85 1123.70 632.08 0.00 kN-m
MSLAB+DIAPH 0.00 575.36 1022.86 1342.51 1534.29 1598.22 1534.29 1342.51 1022.86 575.36 0.00 kN-m
MSIDL
MOMENT

0.00 274.60 488.18 640.73 732.27 762.78 732.27 640.73 488.18 274.60 0.00 kN-m

Mlive_load 0.00 439.87 879.74 1319.60 1614.82 1697.17 1614.82 1319.60 879.74 439.87 0.00 kN-m

MLL_OL 0.00 549.84 1099.67 1649.51 2018.52 2121.47 2018.52 1649.51 1099.67 549.84 0.00 kN-m

Mmax 0.00 2298.64 4351.74 6159.29 7328.75 7675.00 7328.75 6159.29 4351.74 2298.64 0.00 kN-m

e 0.0184 0.2341 0.421 0.554 0.634 0.661 0.634 0.554 0.421 0.234 0.0184 m

d 0.798 1.038 1.225 1.358 1.438 1.465 1.438 1.358 1.225 1.038 0.798 m

0.8h 1.260 1.2600 1.260 1.260 1.260 1.260 1.260 1.260 1.260 1.260 1.260 m

d > 0.80h 1.260 1.260 1.260 1.358 1.438 1.465 1.438 1.358 1.260 1.260 1.260 m

Pf 4700.67 4645.50 4611.30 4577.20 4554.35 4549.45 4554.35 4577.20 4611.30 4645.50 4700.67 kN

A 0.6118 0.6118 0.6118 0.6118 0.6118 0.6118 0.6118 0.6118 0.6118 0.6118 0.6118 m²

Sbot 0.239 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.239 m³

fpe 8.05 12.52 16.33 18.97 20.53 21.06 20.53 18.97 16.33 12.52 8.05 Mpa

fd 0.00 2.86 5.09 6.68 7.64 7.95 7.64 6.68 5.09 2.86 0.00 Mpa
CALCULATION OF Vci

VU 1093.91 910.07 726.24 542.40 358.57 174.73 358.57 542.40 726.24 910.07 1093.91 kN

Vd 231.02 184.82 138.61 92.41 46.20 0.00 46.20 92.41 138.61 184.82 231.02 kN

b' 0.660 0.660 0.660 0.660 0.660 0.660 0.660 0.660 0.660 0.660 0.660 m

Mcr 763.52 705.95 706.29 706.53 706.66 706.71 706.66 706.53 706.29 705.95 763.52 kN-m

VDL 541.68 433.35 325.01 216.67 108.34 0.00 108.34 216.67 325.01 433.35 541.68 kN

Vci 1550.90 1897.81 1005.56 697.89 543.38 429.83 543.38 697.89 1005.56 1897.81 1550.90 kN

Min Vci 750.80 750.80 750.80 809.39 857.06 872.96 857.06 809.39 750.80 750.80 750.80 kN

USE Vci 1550.90 1897.81 1005.56 809.39 857.06 872.96 857.06 809.39 1005.56 1897.81 1550.90 kN

Vcw 1546.21 1547.33 1548.28 1669.80 1768.60 1801.55 1768.60 1669.80 1548.28 1547.33 1546.21 kN

Vc 1546.21 1547.33 1005.56 809.39 857.06 872.96 857.06 809.39 1005.56 1547.33 1546.21 kN

Vs -259.26 -476.65 -151.16 -171.27 -435.22 -667.39 -435.22 -171.27 -151.16 -476.65 -259.26 kN

S -302.31 -164.43 -518.51 -493.33 -205.57 -136.54 -205.57 -493.33 -518.51 -164.43 -302.31 mm

USE S 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 300.00 mm
CAMBER COMPUTATION (@ MIDSPAN) Note : * VLL+I - from Permit Load (4-axle)

Initial Prestressing Force, Pi = 5456.78 kN Final Prestressing Force, Pf = 4549.45 kN

Eccentricity, e = 0.661 m Eccentricity, e = 1.032 m

A) @ Transfer

5wGL4 5 x 15.20 x 31.40 4

Due to Girder Weight = = = -36.71 mm ¯
384EIBASIC 384 x ### x 0.170
5PieL2 5 x 5456.78 x 0.661 x 31.40 2
Due to Prestressing Force = = = 70.68 mm
48EIBASIC 48 x ### x 0.170

ESTIMATED CAMBER @ TRANSFER = 33.96 mm

B) @ Erection

1.85 x 5wGL4 1.85 x 5 x 15.20 x 31.40 4

Due to Girder Weight = = = -62.75 mm ¯
384EIBASIC 384 x 33334.67 x 0.170
1.80 x 5PieL2 1.80 x 5 x 5456.78 x 0.661 x 31.40 2
Due to Prestressing Force = = = 117.54 mm
48EIBASIC 48 x 33334.67 x 0.170

ESTIMATED CAMBER @ ERECTION = 54.79 mm

C) @ Service
2.40 x 5wGL4 2.40 x 5 x 15.20 x 31.40 4
Due to Girder Weight = = = -35.80 mm ¯
384EICOMP 384 x 33334.67 x 0.387
2.30 x 5wCL4 2.30 x 5 x 13.84 x 31.40 4
Due to Composite D.L. = = = -31.23 mm ¯
384EICOMP 384 x 33334.67 x 0.387
3.00 x 5wSL 4
3.00 x 5 x 6.60 x 31.40 4
Due to Superimposed D.L. = = = -19.44 mm ¯
384EICOMP 384 x 33334.67 x 0.387
2.20 x 5PfeL2 2.20 x 5 x 4549.45 x 1.032 x 31.40 2
Due to Prestressing Force = = = 82.28 mm
48EICOMP 48 x 33334.67 x 0.387
if no Camber the Bridge will sag of 4.20mm at
ESTIMATED DEFLECTION @ SERVICE = -4.20 mm ¯
service deadload
PROPOSED CAMBER AT CASTING = 30.00 mm
if no Camber the Bridge will sag at
service (DL + Truck Load equal to) = -17.2 mm
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DESIGN FOR POSITIVE MOMENTS AT PIER

REFERENCE : Design of Continuous Highway Bridges with Precast, Prestressed Concrete Girders (P.C.A.)

PRESTRESS CREEP RESTRAINT MOMENTS ( not adjusted by creep effect factor )

Girder length, L = 30.00 m

Modulus of elasticity at release, Ei = 31767.00 Mpa wL³
- [P/S Slope] = = -0.00304 rad
Modulus of elasticity at 28 days, Ef = 34382.00 Mpa 24EI
Moment of inertia, I = 0.46 m4
Prestressing force after all losses, P = 4467.65 kN w = 8Pe / L² = 42.69 kN/m
Actual eccentricity, e = 1.08 m

3/7 4/7 1/2 1/2 4/7 3/7

A B C D E
-3 -2 -2 -2 -2 -3
0.429 -0.571 -0.571 0.429
0.280 0.280
-2.571 -1.720 -2.571

-2.57EI -2.57 x ### x 0.46

At End Span : MB = MD = - [P/S Slope] = -0.00304 x = 4116.62 kN-m
L 30.00
-1.72EI -1.72 x ### x 0.46
At Inner Span : MC = - [P/S Slope] = -0.00304 x = 2753.56 kN-m
L 30.00

DEAD LOAD CREEP RESTRAINT MOMENTS ( not adjusted by creep effect factor )

3/7 4/7 1/2 1/2 4/7 3/7

A B C D E
-1.000 -0.667 -0.667 -0.667 -0.667 -1.000
0.140 -0.190 -0.190 0.140
0.095 0.095
-0.860 -0.572 -0.860

At End Span : MB = MD = -0.860 x 3630.05 = -3121.84 kN-m

At Inner Span : MC = -0.572 x 3630.05 = -2076.39 kN-m

SHRINKAGE RESTRAINT MOMENTS ( not adjusted by creep factor )

Assuming continuity connection made 28 days after prestress release :

Ultimate shrinkage, e = 0.0006 in/in/psi
Factor for a relative humidity of 80% = 0.54 [see Figure 10]
Factor for time of connection at28 days = 0.40 [see Figure 8]
Modified es = 1.31E-04 in/in/psi
Elastic modulus for concrete deck slab, Eb = ### psi ( 28413 Mpa )
Cross-sectional of deck slab, Ab = 801.35 in² ( 0.52 m² )
Distance between the mid-depth of the slab and the c.g. of composite section, e' 2 + t/2 = 21.85 in ( 0.56 m )
Differential shrinkage moment, Ms = esEbAb(e'2 + t/2) = 785.80 ft-kip ( 1065.54 kN-m )

1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
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1.2
1.1
1.0

0.9
0.8
1.0

0.9 0.7
0.8

R
0.6

TO
0.7

NFAC
SHRINKAGE (ORCREEP)

0.6
0.5

ECTIO
0.5

ORR
0.4 0.4

ITYC
0.3

ID
0.3

EHUM
0.2

RINKAG
0.1 0.2
120 3 yrs.

SH
0.0
3 days 7 14 28 90 180 1 yr. 2 yrs. 5 yrs. 0.1
TIME

0
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
RELATIVE HUMID ITY - PERCENT

Figure 8 Figure 10
Proportion of Final Shrinkage or Creep vs. Time Shrinkage Humidity Correction Factor

3/7 4/7 1/2 1/2 4/7 3/7

A B C D E
-1.500 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.000 -1.500
0.214 -0.286 -0.286 0.214
0.143 0.143
-1.286 -0.857 -1.286

At End Span : MB = MD = -1.286 x 1065.54 = -1370.29 kN-m

At Inner Span : MC = -0.857 x 1065.54 = -913.17 kN-m

LIVE LOAD POSITIVE MOMENT

From STAAD analysis :

At End Span : MB = MD = 300.00 kN-m = 221.24 ft-kip

At Inner Span : MC = 600.00 kN-m = 442.48 ft-kip

EVALUATION OF CREEP FACTORS

Creep Data for AASHTO-PCI I-Beams
AASHTO girder type = V Creep
AASHTO-PCI Volume/Surface
Volume/Surface
Elastic modulus at strand release, Ei = ### psi Girder Type
Ratio
Ratio Correction
( in )
Factor
Specific creep at 20 years = 2.48E-07 in/in/psi [see Figure 5]
For release of prestressing force a 2 days = 1.68 [see Figure 6] I 3.00 1.28
Creep Volume/Surface Ratio Correction Factor = 1.18 II 3.40 1.25
Adjusted specific creep, ec = 2.93E-07 in/in/psi III 4.00 1.20
f = ecEi = 1.35 IV 4.70 1.16
(1 - e-f) = 0.73 [see Figure 9] V 4.40 1.18

(1 - e-f) / f = 0.54 [see Figure 9] VI 4.40 1.18

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Initial Compressive Modulus Ei - million psi

Test results
6 Extrapolation

0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
Specific Creep c' x 10 in/in/psi
-6

Figure 5
Prediction of Basic Creep From Elastic Modulus

2.0 1.0

0.9 
(1 - e )
0.8
1.5 0.7

0.6
Restraint Moment CreepFactors


1-e
0.5 
 age

1.0
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
120  = c / s
0
1 day 3 7 14 28 90 180 1 yr.
Age at Loading, days

Figure 9
Figure 6 Variations in Restraint Moment Creep Effect Factors for Both
Creep vs. Age at Loading Creep and Shrinkage

SUMMATION OF POSITIVE RESTRAINT MOMENTS AT PIERS

Shrinkage + Creep :
At End Span : MB = MD = ### - ### x 0.73 - 1370.29 x 0.54 = -16.22 kN-m

At Inner Span : MC = ### - ### x 0.73 - 913.17 x 0.54 = -0.37 kN-m

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Add LL+I :
At End Span : MB = MD = -16.22 + 300.00 = 283.78 kN-m

At Inner Span : MC = -0.37 + 600.00 = 599.63 kN-m

DESIGN OF THE POSITIVE MOMENT CONNECTION

bs
Elastic modulus of prestressed girder at 28 days, Ec = 34382 Mpa bf
Elastic modulus of deckslab, Ecs = 28413 Mpa
Elastic modulus of steel reinforcement, Es = 200000 Mpa
Maximum positive moment at pier, M = 599.63 kN-m Ytop
ts
Assumed jd = 0.85d = 1504.50 mm N.A.
Depth from c.g. of steel bar to extreme fiber of concrete, d = 1770.00 mm
d
Width of slab, bs = 2350.00 mm
Thickness of slab, ts = 220.00 mm Ybot
Width of top flange of girder, bf = 1067.00 mm
Modular ratio between girder and slab, n1 = Ecs/Ec = 0.82639 As

Modular ratio between girder and rebar, n2 = Es/Ec = 5.81700

Tensile stress in reinforcement at service loads, fs = 168.00 Mpa Diameter of bar, db = 25.00 mm
Required area of reinforcement, Req'd As = M / fsjd = 2372.38 mm² Area of one bar, Ab = 490.87 mm²
Required number of bars, N = 5 pcs
Actual area of reinforcement provided, As = 2454.37 mm²

Section A y Ay Ay² Io
Slab, ### x 220.00 x ### 427245 110 4.7E+07 5.2E+09 2.1E+09
Top flange, ### x 0.00 ) 0 0 0 0 0 Ytop = 163.68 mm
Steel, ### x ### 14277 1770 2.5E+07 4.5E+10 0
Totals 441522 7.2E+07 5.0E+10 2.1E+09

Moment of inertia, I = 5.0E+10 + 2.1E+09 - 441522 x 163.68 = 5.2E+10 mm4

Distance from neutral axis to steel = 1770.00 - 163.68 = 1606.32 mm

599.63 x 1606.32
Steel stress =
5.2E+10
x 5.81700 = 107.93 Mpa < Allowable steel stress = 168.00 Mpa OK!

PROVIDE : 5 - 25.00 mm DIAMETER BARS AT GIRDER END

EMBEDMENT LENGTH AND BEND DETAILS

555 mm
Compressive strength of concrete, f'c = 28.00 Mpa
Diameter of bar, db = 25.00 mm D = 100 mm 300 mm
Basic development length, lhb = 100db/(f'c) ½
= 472.46 mm
480 mm

DESIGN NEGATIVE MOMENT REINFORCEMENT OVER PIERS

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Compressive strength of concrete, f'c = 28.00 mm Diameter of bar, db = 25.00 mm

Tensile strength of reinforcing steel, fy = 415.00 mm Area of one bar, Ab = 490.87 mm²
Ultimate negative moment over pier, MU = 2000.00 kN-m
Width of bottom flange of girder, b = 660.00 mm As

Depth from c.g. of steel bar to bottom of girder, d = 1750.00 mm

RU = MU / fbd² = 1.09943 N/mm²
m = 0.85f'c / fy = 0.05735
r = m-(m2-(2*m*Ru/fy))0.50 = 0.00271
Required area of reinforcement, Req'd As = rbd = 3134.00 mm² d
Required number of bars, N = 7 pcs
Actual area of reinforcement provided, As = 3436.12 mm²
a
Check ultimate moment provided :
Depth of rectangular stress block, a = Asfy/0.85f'cb = 90.78 mm
Moment capacity, Mcap = Asfy(d - a/2) = 2430.75 kN-m Moment Capacity > Moment Demand … OK!

PROVIDE : 7 - 25.00 mm DIAMETER ADD'L BARS AT SLAB PER GIRDER

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PRESTRESSED CONCRETE GIRDER(POST-TENSION DESIGN)

MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

A) Concrete
Unit weight of concrete, gc = 24.50 kN/m³
Prestressed concrete initial strength, f'ci = 35.00 Mpa
Prestressed concrete 28th day strength, f'c = 41.00 Mpa
Cast-in-place concrete 28th day strength, f'cs = 28.00 Mpa
Modulus of elasticity of prestressed concrete 28th day strength, Ec = 30286.78 Mpa
Modulus of elasticity of cast-in-place concrete 28th day strength, Ecs = 25028.81 Mpa

B) Non-prestressed Reinforcing Steel

Yield strength of mild steel rebars, fy = 414.00 Mpa
Modulus of elasticity of mild steel rebars, Es = 200000.00 Mpa

C) Prestressing Steel (Stress-Relieved Wire or Strand)

Nominal area of 12.70mm diameter high tensile strand, Aps = 98.70 mm²
Ultimate tensile strength of prestressing steel, fpu = 1862.00 Mpa
Modulus of elasticity of prestressing steel, Eps = 195000.00 Mpa
Yield strength of prestressing steel, fy*(0.85fpu for Stress-Relieved Wire or Strand) = 1582.70 Mpa

GEOMETRY AND SECTION PROPERTIES

RAILING & POST

SIDEWALK
SLAB CURB
WEARING SURFACE

HAUNCH

AASHTO GIRDER

INTERMEDIATE DIAPHRAGM

Girder length = 35000.00 mm Number of intermediate diaphragms = 5 pcs

Out-to-out guideway width = 9950.00 mm Depth of intermediate diaphragm = 1626.00 mm
Number of girders = 4 pcs Width of intermediate diaphragm = 300.00 mm
Center-to-center spacing of girders = 2600.00 mm Thickness of haunch = 50.00 mm
Cantilever length of deck slab = 1075.00 mm Width of haunch = 1117.00 mm
Thickness of deck slab = 210.00 mm

Standard Section Types :

[ 1 ] TYPE I [ 3 ] TYPE III [ 5 ] TYPE IV-A [ 7 ] TYPE V
[ 2 ] TYPE II [ 4 ] TYPE IV [ 6 ] TYPE IV-B [ 8 ] TYPE VI

Selected Girder Type = [ 8 ] TYPE VI

Section Properties :
 Modular ratio, n = Ecs/Ec = 0.82639

Section @ End Section @ Midspan

TYPE VI Yb

AASHTO GIRDER Sb

Properties Basic Transformed Basic Transformed

Effective slab width, b (m) - 2.600 - 2.600
Area, A (m²) 1.353 1.850 0.700 1.197
Moment of inertia, I (m4) 0.398 0.783 0.305 0.627 Girder
Distance of N.A. from top, Yt (m) 0.882 0.866 0.905 0.729
Distance of N.A. from bottom, Yb (m) 0.947 1.223 0.924 1.360 Haunch
Section modulus at top, St (m³) 0.452 0.903 0.337 0.859 TOTAL
Section modulus at bottom, Sb (m³) 0.420 0.640 0.330 0.461
Total height of girder, H (m) 1.829 2.089 1.829 2.089
Top flange width, tf (m) 0.508 0.508 1.067 1.067

LOADINGS

A) Due to Girder Weight Only

Uniform load due to girder weight only = 17.14 kN/m

Forces @ Support @ 0.10L @ 0.20L @ 0.30L @ 0.40L @ 0.50L Unit

Moment, M1 0.00 944.91 1679.84 2204.79 2519.76 2624.75 kN-m
Shear, V1 299.97 239.98 179.98 119.99 59.99 0.00 kN

B) Due to Slab, Haunch and Diaphragm

Uniform load due to slab, haunch and diaphrag = 19.18 kN/m

Forces @ Support @ 0.10L @ 0.20L @ 0.30L @ 0.40L @ 0.50L Unit

Moment, M2 0.00 1057.53 1880.06 2467.58 2820.09 2937.60 kN-m
Shear, V2 335.73 268.58 201.44 134.29 67.15 0.00 kN

C) Due to Superimposed Dead Load

Uniform load due to superimposed dead load = 5.69 kN/m

Forces @ Support @ 0.10L @ 0.20L @ 0.30L @ 0.40L @ 0.50L Unit

Moment, M3 0.00 313.44 557.23 731.36 835.84 870.67 kN-m
Shear, V3 99.51 79.60 59.70 39.80 19.90 0.00 kN

D) Due to Live Load

Distribution Factor = S / 1.68 ; S = stringer spacing in meters Impact Factor = 15.24 / (L+38) ; L = girder length
= 1.548 = 0.209

A) Truck Loading : B) Lane Loading :

66.03 kN
72 kN 72 kN 18 kN 7.76 kN/m

13.23 m 4.27 m 4.27 m 13.23 m 35.00 m

17.50 m 17.50 m
 R = 87.59 kN Width of one lan = 3.15 m

MCL = 87.59 x 17.50 - 72.00 x 4.27 7.76 x 35.00² 66.03 x 35.00

MCL = +
= 1225.35 kN-m 8 4
MLL+I = 1225.35 x 1.548 x 1.209 = 1765.83 kN-m
= 2292.28 kN-m … Governs !

Forces @ Support @ 0.10L @ 0.20L @ 0.30L @ 0.40L @ 0.50L Unit

Moment, M4 0.00 458.46 916.91 1375.37 1833.82 2292.28 kN-m
Shear, V4 87.59 70.07 52.55 35.04 17.52 0.00 kN

E) Due to Dead Load After Slab Pouring

Forces @ Support @ 0.10L @ 0.20L @ 0.30L @ 0.40L @ 0.50L Unit

Moment, MDL 0.00 2002.45 3559.90 4672.37 5339.86 5562.35 kN-m
Shear, VDL 635.70 508.56 381.42 254.28 127.14 0.00 kN

F) Due to All Dead Load and Live Load (Service Condition)

Forces @ Support @ 0.10L @ 0.20L @ 0.30L @ 0.40L @ 0.50L Unit

Moment, Mmax 0.00 2774.34 5034.04 6779.10 8009.52 8725.30 kN-m
Shear, Vmax 822.79 658.23 493.67 329.12 164.56 0.00 kN

DETERMINE PRELIMINARY NUMBER OF STRANDS

Maximum moment at midspan during service condition, Mmax = 8725.30 kN-m

Assumed trial eccentricity, etrial = 1.26 m
Computed P = Mmax / [(Sb/A)+etrial] = 5305.24 kN
Assumed jacking force = 75.00 %
Assumed prestress loss = 15.00 %
Computed total area of prestressing strands = 4469.36 mm²
Computed quantity of 12.70mm diameter prestressing strands = 45.28 pcs

EFFECTIVE PRESTRESSING FORCE

Preliminary number of prestressing strands = 52 pcs

Jacking stress, Pj = 0.75fpu = 7167.4 kN

4 x 0.22 + 48 x 0.10
ys =
52
C.G. of Strands
= 0.109 m ys
0.22 m
k = 0.005 /m 0.10 m
m = 0.250 /rad

Item Basic Section Composite Section

e 0.815 1.250
q 0.093 0.142
PCL 0.895Pj 0.884Pj
Initial Condition Service Condition
Losses 7.50 % 15.00 %
P 5934.95 5387.27

CHECK STRESSES

@ SERVICE CONDITION :
5387.27 5387.27 x 1.250 8725.30
ftop = - + = 6.81583795 Compression
1.197 0.859 0.859
 Allowable fcompression = 0.40f'c = 16.4 … OK!

5387.27 5387.27 x 1.250 8725.30

fbot = + - = 0.18481793 Compression
1.197 0.461 0.461
Allowable ftension = 0 … OK!
… DO NOT DELETE
( SECTION AT MIDSPAN )
1 2 3 4 5
x y x y x y x y x y x
0 1829 0 711 0 914 0 1143 0 1372 0
533.5 1829 152.5 711 152.5 914 203 1143 254 1372 254
533.5 1702 152.5 609 152.5 762 203 965 254 1169 254
203.5 1626 76 533 76 686 89 851 101.5 1017 101.5
101.5 1524 76 254 76 304 89 368 101.5 432 101.5
101.5 457 203 127 228.5 152 279.5 178 330 203 330
355.5 203 203 0 228.5 0 279.5 0 330 0 330
355.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 -203 0 -228.5 0 -279.5 0 -330 0 -330
-355.5 0 -203 127 -228.5 152 -279.5 178 -330 203 -330
-355.5 203 -76 254 -76 304 -89 368 -101.5 432 -101.5
-101.5 457 -76 533 -76 686 -89 851 -101.5 1017 -101.5
-101.5 1524 -152.5 609 -152.5 762 -203 965 -254 1169 -254
-203.5 1626 -152.5 711 -152.5 914 -203 1143 -254 1372 -254
-533.5 1702 0 711 0 914 0 1143 0 1372 0
-533.5 1829
0 1829
 BASIC SECTION
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A 699643 177879 237538 361047 508708.5 560321.5 611832.5 653156 699643
I 3.05E+11 9.46E+09 2.12E+10 5.22E+10 1.09E+11 1.38E+11 1.7E+11 2.17E+11 3.05E+11
Yt 904.66 391.16 512.03 628.20 743.58 771.62 804.15 788.25 904.66
Yb 924.34 319.84 401.97 514.80 628.42 701.38 770.85 811.75 924.34
St 3.37E+08 2.42E+07 4.14E+07 8.31E+07 1.46E+08 1.79E+08 2.12E+08 2.75E+08 3.37E+08
Sb 3.30E+08 2.96E+07 5.27E+07 1.01E+08 1.73E+08 1.97E+08 2.21E+08 2.67E+08 3.30E+08
H 1829.00 711.00 914.00 1143.00 1372.00 1473.00 1575.00 1600.00 1829.00
tf 1067.00 305 305 406 508 508 508 1067 1067

TRANSFORMED SECTION n = 0.8264

( @ Midspan ) ( @ End )
A yb Ay d Ad² I I + Ad² A yb Ay
Girder 0.700 0.924 0.647 0.435 0.133 0.305 0.438 1.353 0.947 1.281
Slab 0.451 1.984 0.895 0.624 0.176 0.002 0.178 0.451 1.984 0.895
Haunch 0.046 1.854 0.086 0.494 0.011 0.000 0.011 0.046 1.854 0.086
TOTAL 1.197 1.627 0.627 1.850 2.262
Yb 1.360 1.223
Yt 0.729 0.866

L= 35.00 m
support 0.10L 0.20L 0.30L 0.40L 0.50L
0.00 3.50 7.00 10.50 14.00 17.50
 ( SECTION AT END )
5 6 7 8 1
y x y x y x y x y x y
1473 0 1575 0 1600 0 1829 0 1829 0 711
1473 254 1575 533.5 1600 533.5 1829 533.5 1829 152.5 711
1168 254 1169 533.5 1473 533.5 1702 533.5 1702 152.5 177.5
1016 101.5 1017 203.5 1397 203.5 1626 355.5 1661 203 127
432 101.5 432 101.5 1295 101.5 1524 355.5 0 203 0
203 330 203 101.5 457 101.5 457 0 0 0 0
0 330 0 355.5 203 355.5 203 -355.5 0 -203 0
0 0 0 355.5 0 355.5 0 -355.5 1661 -203 127
0 -330 0 0 0 0 0 -533.5 1702 -152.5 177.5
203 -330 203 -355.5 0 -355.5 0 -533.5 1829 -152.5 711
432 -101.5 432 -355.5 203 -355.5 203 0 1829 0 711
1016 -101.5 1017 -101.5 457 -101.5 457
1168 -254 1169 -101.5 1295 -101.5 1524
1473 -254 1575 -203.5 1397 -203.5 1626
1473 0 1575 -533.5 1473 -533.5 1702
-533.5 1600 -533.5 1829
0 1600 0 1829
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1352928 232232 307631 497129 733621 784929 836744.64 1190109 1352928
4E+11 1E+10 2.29E+10 5.73E+10 1.21E+11 1.49E+11 1.811E+11 2.69E+11 4E+11
881.89 373.95 490.85 602.25 714.19 765.21 816.67 767.98 881.89
947.11 337.05 423.15 540.75 657.81 707.79 758.33 832.02 947.11
4.52E+08 2.75E+07 4.67E+07 9.51E+07 1.69E+08 1.94E+08 221780017 3.51E+08 4.52E+08
4.2E+08 3.05E+07 5.41E+07 1.06E+08 1.83E+08 2.10E+08 2.39E+08 3.24E+08 4.20E+08
1829.00 711.00 914.00 1143.00 1372.00 1473.00 1575.00 1600.00 1829.00
508 3150 3200 3658 1067 305 305 406 508

d Ad² I I + Ad²
0.275 0.103 0.398 0.501
0.761 0.262 0.002 0.263
0.631 0.018 0.000 0.018
0.783
 2 3 4 5 6 7
x y x y x y x y x y x y
0 914 0 1143 0 1372 0 1473 0 1575 0 1600
152.5 914 203 1143 254 1372 254 1473 254 1575 533.5 1600
152.5 227.75 203 254.3 254 279.17 254 279.17 254 279.17 533.5 1473
228.5 152 279.5 178 330 203 330 203 330 203 355.5 1432
228.5 0 279.5 0 330 0 330 0 330 0 355.5 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-228.5 0 -279.5 0 -330 0 -330 0 -330 0 -355.5 0
-228.5 152 -279.5 178 -330 203 -330 203 -330 203 -355.5 1432
-152.5 227.75 -203 254.3 -254 279.17 -254 279.17 -254 279.17 -533.5 1473
-152.5 914 -203 1143 -254 1372 -254 1473 -254 1575 -533.5 1600
0 914 0 1143 0 1372 0 1473 0 1575 0 1600
 8
x y
0 1829
533.5 1829
533.5 1702
355.5 1661
355.5 0
0 0
-355.5 0
-355.5 1661
-533.5 1702
-533.5 1829
0 1829
Bonded Post-Tensioned Concrete
Bonded post-tensioned concrete is the descriptive term for a method of applying compression after pouring concrete and during the curing
process (in situ). The concrete is cast around a plastic, steel or aluminium curved duct, to follow the area where otherwise tension would occur
the concrete element.
A set of tendons are fished through the duct and the concrete is poured. Once the concrete has hardened, the tendons are tensioned by
hydraulic jacks that react (push) against the concrete member itself.
When the tendons have stretched sufficiently, according to the design specifications (see Hooke's law), they are wedged in position and mainta
tension after the jacks are removed, transferring pressure to the concrete. The duct is then grouted to protect the tendons from corrosion.
This method is commonly used to create monolithic slabs for house construction in locations where expansive soils (sometimes called adobe
clay) create problems for the typical perimeter foundation. All stresses from seasonal expansion and contraction of the underlying soil are taken
into the entire tensioned slab, which supports the building without significant flexure.
Post-tensioning is also used in the construction of various bridges, both after concrete is cured after support by falsework and by the assembly
prefabricated sections, as in the segmental bridge.
Among the advantages of this system over unbonded post-tensioning are:
1. Large reduction in traditional reinforcement requirements as tendons cannot destress in accidents.
2.Tendons can be easily "woven" allowing a more efficient design approach.
3. Higher ultimate strength due to bond generated between the strand and concrete
4. No long term issues with maintaining the integrity of the anchor/dead end.
History of problems with bonded post-tensioned bridges
The popularity of this form of prestressing for bridge construction in Europe increased significantly around the 1950s and 60s. However, a histo
of problems have been encountered that has cast doubt over the long-term durability of such structures.
Due to poor workmanship or quality control during construction, sometimes the ducts containing the prestressing tendons are not fully filled,
leaving voids in the grout where the steel is not protected from corrosion. The situation is exacerbated if water and chloride (from de-icing salts)
from the highway are able to penetrate into these voids.
Notable events are listed below:
1.The Ynys-y-Gwas bridge in West Glamorgan, Wales—a segmental post-tensioned structure, particularly vulnerable to defects in the post-
tensioning system—collapsed without warning in 1985.[1]
2. The Melle bridge, constructed in Belgium during the 1950s, collapsed in 1992 due to failure of post-tensioned tie down members following
tendon corrosion.
3.Following discovery of tendon corrosion in several bridges in England, the Highways Agency issued a moratorium on the construction of new
internal grouted post-tensioned bridges and embarked on a 5-year programme of inspections on its existing post-tensioned bridge stock.
4. In 2000, a large number of people were injured when a section of a footbridge at the Charlotte Motor Speedway, USA, gave way and droppe
to the ground. In this case, corrosion was exacerbated by calcium chloride that had been used as a concrete admixture, rather than sodium
chloride from de-icing salts.
5. In 2011, the Hammersmith Flyover in London, England, was subject to an emergency closure after defects in the post-tensioning system wer
discovered.[1]
Unbonded Post-Tensioned Concrete
Unbonded post-tensioned concrete differs from bonded post-tensioning by providing each individual cable permanent freedom of movement
relative to the concrete. To achieve this, each individual tendon is coated with a grease (generally lithium based) and covered by a plastic
sheathing formed in an extrusion process.[2] The transfer of tension to the concrete is achieved by the steel cable acting against steel anchors
embedded in the perimeter of the slab. The main disadvantage over bonded post-tensioning is the fact that a cable can destress itself and burs
out of the slab if damaged (such as during repair on the slab).
The advantages of this system over bonded post-tensioning are:
1.The ability to individually adjust cables based on poor field conditions (For example: shifting a group of 4 cables around an opening by placing
on each side).
2.The procedure of post-stress grouting is eliminated.
3. The ability to de-stress the tendons before attempting repair work.[3]
Modulus of Elasticity of prestressing steel (AASHTO 9.16.2.1.2)
 ncrete and during the curing
re otherwise tension would occur in

e tendons are tensioned by

re wedged in position and maintain

the tendons from corrosion.
soils (sometimes called adobe
on of the underlying soil are taken

y falsework and by the assembly of

1950s and 60s. However, a history

ng tendons are not fully filled,

and chloride (from de-icing salts)

nerable to defects in the post-

ed tie down members following

orium on the construction of new

ost-tensioned bridge stock.
dway, USA, gave way and dropped
admixture, rather than sodium

in the post-tensioning system were

manent freedom of movement

ed) and covered by a plastic
able acting against steel anchors
cable can destress itself and burst

bles around an opening by placing 2