Part 3: NATURAL RESOURCES &

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

A. Land Resources

1. LAND USE
Table 3-1. Existing Land Use
Area
Land Use
Square Kilometers (Sq.Kms.) Hectares (Has.)
Total 3,622.91 362,291
Built-up-Areas 170.44 17,044
Agricultural 1,054.18 105,418
Forest Areas 2,164.52 216,452
Industrial Areas 25.92 2,592
Bodies of Water 83.76 8,376
Tourism Areas 24.62 2,462
Roads & Bridges 37.90 3,790
Open Space/Playground 8.86 886
Mineral Land 33.65 3,365
Cemetery 2.01 201
Dumpsite 0.44 44
Bareland Areas 16.61 1,661
Source: Comprehensive Land Use Plan, Province of Ilocos Norte

2. STATUS OF LAND AREA CLASSIFICATION

Table 3-2. Status of Land Area Classification
Area
Classification
Square Kilometers (Sq.Kms.) Hectares (Has.)
Total 3,622.91 362,291
Alienable and Disposable 1,458.39 145,839
Forest Land 2,164.52 216,452
Source: Comprehensive Land Use Plan, Province of Ilocos Norte

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Table 3-3. Status of Land Area Classification by Municipality (in Square Kilometers)
A&D FOREST ZONE TOTAL
Within CENRO-BANGUI, ILCOS NORTE
1. Adams 3.9737 155.3374 159.3112
2. Bangui 89.2309 23.7455 112.9764
3. Burgos 52.5500 76.5100 129.0600
4. Dumalneg 47.8645 40.6122 88.4767
5. Pagudpud 69.6140 124.2997 193.9137
6. Pasuquin 102.8446 58.0190 160.8636
7. Vintar 399.4338 225.4138 624.8476
Within CENRO-LAOAG CITY
1. Laoag City 125.7600 1.2600 127.0200
2. Bacarra 69.8800 No data 69.8800
3. Badoc 66.4200 10.2700 76.6900
4. Banna 49.4800 39.7799 89.2500
5. Batac City 145.3100 15.7500 161.0600
6. Carasi 40.8800 99.9800 140.8600
7. Currimao 32.6700 2.3300 35.0000
8. Dingras 149.3500 170.1800 319.5300
9. Marcos 96.2200 48.5000 115.7300
10. Nueva Era 35.4700 278.5500 314.0200
11. Paoay 54.3200 8.1900 62.5100
12. Piddig 95.3400 93.3100 188.6500
13. Pinili 56.8900 9.9800 66.8700
14. San Nicolas 39.7600 No data 39.7600
15. Sarrat 15.2200 44.6400 59.8600
16. Solsona 60.0500 127.7800 187.3300
Source: Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office, Ilocos Norte

B. Mineral Resources
Table 3-4. Mineral Resources by Type of Mineral Commodity
Resources (cu.m.)
Mineral Commodity Location
Probable Positive
Metallic
Copper Ore Brgy. Cacafean, Marcos 7,000,000.00
Iron Lump Ore Sitio Lamin, Piddig 850,000.00
Iron Magnetite Nueva Era, Paoay 102,600.00
Gold Brgys. San Francisco & Sta. 1,066.34
Ana, Solsona

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 Resources (cu.m.)
Mineral Commodity Location
Probable Positive
Non-Metallic
Cement Raw Materials 350,000,000.00
Limestone Burgos-Pasuquin 472,500.00
Shale Burgos-Pasuquin 25,000,000.00 1,715,000.00
Silicon Burgos-Pasuquin 10,319,910.98
Feldspar Pasaleng, Pagudpud 18,194.64 14,000.00
Pasuquin 1,115,880.76
Santiago, Marcos 1,814,000.00 45,400.00
Burgos 3,994,317.00 409,400.00
Feldspar (SSM) Burgos 749,811.00 339,775.09
Pagudpud 4,572,160.00
Pasuquin 542.00
Silica (SSM) Vintar 25,720.00
Pebbles (SSM) Bangui 297.00
Gravel and Sand Badoc 2,309,082.00
Laoag City, Sarrat, Dingras and 8,886,601.10
Bangui
Pagudpud, Bacarra and Vintar 1,691,177.00
Source: Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office, Ilocos Norte

C. Forestry Resources

1. FOREST LAND AREA

Table 3-5. Forest Land Area and Other Related Data, 2012
1. Total Forest Land Area 165,543.76 Hectares
Dipterocarp (old and residual) 51,400.00 Hectares
Pine (old and young) 12,200.00 Hectares
Submarginal 9,500.00 Hectares
Mossy 11,200.00 Hectares
Brushland 44,957.00 Hectares
Other Land Use 36,286.00 Hectares
2. Reforestation Project
Area Covered 56,570.00 Hectares
Status of Development 34,745.00 Hectares
CEP (including aquatic & terrestrial land area) 300.00 Hectares
3. Effective Forest Cover 71,009.00 Hectares
4. Forest Area To Be Protected 171,646.512 Hectares
5. Forest To Be Protected 143,252.00 Hectares
6. Upland Development Project (UDP) 774.00 Hectares
7. National Greening Program (NGP) 2012 5,328.752 Hectares
Source: Provincial Environment & Natural Resources Office, Ilocos Norte

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2. MAJOR FOREST PRODUCTS
Rattan
Tanguile
Firewood
Bamboo
Pine
Wildlife
Timber
Poles

D. Fishing and Aquatic Resources

Table 3-6. Production and Area of Fishpond by type of Fishing/Source, 2012
Source/Type of Fishing Area (has.) No. of Banca Production (MT)
Aquaculture Projects:
Fishpond 30.0420 69.8570
Fish Cage 3.8462 267.8845
Small Farm Reservoir 26.3220 18.8800
Rice-Fish Culture 0.5020 1.3065
Riverine 10.0650 -
Communal Waters:
SWIPs/DDs 105.5500 5.5157
Rivers 395.5000 6.9205
Creeks 451.7300 37.6432
Lakes 281.0000 5.0980
Municipal Fisheries:
Motorized Bancas 1,298 5055.50
Non-Motorized Bancas 60 84.80
Flatboat 69 922.70
Raft 538 360.45
Inland Production:
Lakes 45.00
SWIPs 15.00
DDs 8.90
Rivers/Creeks 99.00
-Brackishwater
Source: Provincial Agriculture Office, Ilocos Norte

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 Table 3-7. Potential Areas of Fishing and Aquatic Resources by Municipality, 2011
Potential Areas (Hectares)
Municipality/City
Lakes Fishponds Rivers Dams Creeks Brackish Water
Adams - 1.0 34.0 - - -
Bacarra - 7.5 35.0 2.0 21.5 2.0
Badoc - 3.8 60.0 10.0 13.5 1.0
Bangui - 8.0 31.0 2.0 10.0 1.0
Banna - 2.0 30.0 - 12.0 -
Batac City 25.0 2.0 28.5 10.0 16.5 -
Burgos - 10.0 18.4 6.0 21.3 1.0
Carasi - 2.0 35.0 - 23.0 -
Currimao - 17.9 2.0 3.0 10.0 8.0
Dingras - 7.0 54.0 - 16.4 -
Dumalneg - 0.5 1.1 - 0.1 -
Laoag City - 35.0 400.0 2.0 25.0 17.0
Marcos - 5.0 1.3 15.0 2.0 -
Nueva Era 2.5 4.0 25.0 2.0 3.0 -
Pagudpud - 3.0 20.0 5.0 - 5.0
Paoay 320.0 8.0 20.0 - - 8.0
Pasuquin - 15.0 50.0 - 12.0 8.0
Piddig - 2.0 109.4 20.0 7.4 -
Pinili - 2.0 1.5 5.0 23.5 -
San Nicolas - 1.5 2.0 4.5 8.5 -
Sarrat 2.0 12.0 8.0 13.7 -
Solsona - 6.0 8.2 0.1 13.0 -
Vintar - 3.0 22.5 3.0 64.0 -
Total 347.5 148.1 1,000.87 96.6 316.4 51.0
Source: Provincial Agriculture Office, Ilocos Norte

Table 3-8. Length of Coastline by Coastal City/Municipality

City/Municipality Length of Coastline (Kilometers)
Bacarra 7.00
Badoc 15.00
Bangui 7.00
Burgos 19.00
Currimao 16.50
Laoag City 12.00
Pagudpud 43.37
Paoay 10.00
Pasuquin 25.50
Total 155.37
Source: Provincial Agriculture Office, Ilocos Norte

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 Table 3-9. Number of Fishermen by Municipality/City, 2011
Number of Fishermen
Municipality
Inland Coastal Total
Adams 15 - 15
Bacarra 110 336 446
Badoc 35 225 260
Bangui 8 85 93
Banna 20 - 20
Batac City 116 - 116
Burgos 100 150 250
Carasi 5 - 5
Currimao 55 840 895
Dingras 25 - 25
Dumalneg 5 - 25
Laoag City 175 1,100 1,275
Marcos 86 - 86
Nueva Era 16 - 16
Pagudpud 15 920 935
Paoay 75 200 275
Pasuquin 10 700 710
Piddig 15 - 15
Pinili 105 - 105
San Nicolas 60 - 60
Sarrat 25 - 25
Solsona 55 - 55
Vintar 108 - 108
Total 1,239 4,556 5,815
Source: Provincial Agriculture Office, Ilocos Norte

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E. Environmental Management

1. PRIME GUIDELINE: THE ILOCOS NORTE ENVIRONMENT CODE OF 2007

1.1. COVERAGE
Land Use and Land Management
Forest Resources
Mineral Resources
Water Resources
Coastal Resources
Integrated Waste Management
Air and Noise Pollution Management
Eco-Tourism Management
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Information and Education

2. ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT

2.1. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE ILOCOS NORTE ENVIRONMENT

AND NATURAL RESOURCES OFFICE (INENRO)

Formulate and implement comprehensive plan on environment and natural

resources in the province, pursuant to the provisions of the Environment Code and
national laws, rules and regulations. The plan shall contain programs, strategies,
activities and policy guidelines on the sustainable management of forest resources,
fisheries (inland and marine) and aquatic resources, water resources, mineral
resources, ecological tourism, waste management, land use management and
pollution control and mitigation;

Provide assistance to the municipalities, city, barangays, and other government

agencies and private organizations in the implementation of their respective
programs and projects, such as, but not limited to, protection, conservation, and
management of forest resources, fisheries (inland and marine) and aquatic
resources, water resources, mineral resources, ecological tourism, waste
management, land use management and pollution control and mitigation;

Implement programs on information, education and communication, community

organization and capacity-building and training and provide assistance to
municipalities, city, barangay, and other government and private organizations in
the implementation of similar activities in their respective areas;

Recommend to the Sanggunian concerned and advise the Governor and the
Mayors, as the case may be, on matters relative to the protection, conservation and
utilization of the environment and natural resources;

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 Maintain an information center that will serve as a venue for showcasing
excellence on environment and natural resources management practices;

Maintain and update resource management databases such as, but not limited to,
the Municipal Coastal Database, for planning, monitoring and evaluation purposes;

Coordinate with other Provincial Government offices in the implementation of its

mandate;

Enforce pertinent environment and natural resource laws, rules and regulations and
provide assistance to the municipalities, city and barangays in the implementation
such laws, rules and regulations. The Office shall also encourage clustering of
municipalities and city in addressing law enforcement and other related concerns
such as, but not limited to, the management of fishing area contiguous to two or
more municipalities, protection of watershed, and riverine system and pollution
control and mitigation;

Establish linkage with local and national organizations for purposes of fund-
sourcing, network building, research, information, data-banking, policy advocacy
and livelihood development. The Office shall also assist the municipalities and city
in establishing linkages with other local and international organizations;

Cause and initiate the convening of the Provincial Environmental Summit to be

held in June of every year;

Install and maintain a one-stop-shop and quick response desk that will be manned
by a multi-sectoral and inter-agency team tasked to facilitate calls for fact-finding
mission and monitoring, control and surveillance;

Coordinate with the national government agencies such as, but not limited to, the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Department of Agriculture,
Department of the Interior and Local Government, Philippine National Police,
Philippine Coast Guard, Department of Trade and Industry, Department of
Tourism, Philippine Tourism Authority, Department of Transportation and
Communication, and Department of Justice in the implementation of its mandate
as provided in this Code; and

Perform such other functions that are necessary in the implementation of the
Environment Code as may be delegated by the Governor or the Sangguniang
Panlalawigan.

3. SUPPORT PROGRAMS, PROJECTS, ACTIVITIES, POLICIES AND

MANDATED ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

3.1. ON WATER RESOURCES

Water Conservation
The extraction of fresh water in coastal areas is limited to the extent where
intrusion of saline waters into the freshwater table would result. Likewise,

Ecological Profile: PROVINCE OF ILOCOS NORTE Part 3: NATURAL RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 30
 extraction of freshwater in inland areas and in shallow aquifers must be controlled
to prevent land subsidence.

Management of Watersheds
Cooperative-based groups shall be given priority to undertake the development
of capabilities for the management of watersheds.

Protection and Conservation of Mangroves

For the purpose of protecting the livelihood and well-being of the artisanal
fishing population, the sustained productivity of coastal habitats of marine flora
and fauna shall be secured through the provision of assistance to municipal
governments in establishing adequate safeguards and controls on human activities
within declared mangrove forest reserves, marine parks and fish sanctuaries, such
as, but not limited to, the formulation of a provincial coastal resource management
framework.

3.2. ON FOREST RESOURCES

Enforcement of Forestry Laws in community based forestry projects, small
watershed areas and communal forests such as:
o Prevention of forest fires, illegal cutting of trees and making of kaingins;
o Prevention of smuggling of natural resources products and of endangered
species of flora and fauna and other unlawful activities;
o Apprehension of violators of forest laws, rules and regulations;
o Confiscation of forest products illegally extracted on site: from the
community based-forestry project areas, small watersheds and
communal forests;
o Confiscation, forfeiture and disposition of conveyances, equipment and
other implements used in the commission of offenses in the
community-based areas, small watershed areas, and communal forests
which are penalized under PD 705, as amended by EO 277 series of
1987 and other forestry laws, rules and regulations;
o Provide extension services to beneficiaries of forest development projects
and render technical and infrastructure assistance for natural-resource
related conservation and utilization activities consistent with
ecological balance;
o Manage and maintain seed banks and produce seedlings for forest and tree
parks;
o Seek CENRO assistance in formulating plans and programs on devolved
functions and projects to forest management and protected areas and
wildlife; and
o Implementation of Community-Based Forest Management Projects which
are funded out of regular appropriations under necessary provisions
involving policies and administrative arrangements.

Reforestation Projects
Tree planting and reforestation shall be a continuing priority project of the
provincial government. Priority areas shall include but not limited to the
following:
o Residual Forests
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 o Watersheds
o Airsheds
o Areas of high bio-diversity levels
o Eroded slopes
o All open spaces within the territorial jurisdiction of Ilocos Norte

3.3. ON MINERAL RESOURCES

Adoption of adequate measures to safeguard and conserve mineral resources:
o Strictly enforce Republic Act No. 7076 (the Small-Scale Mining Law of
1991) and Presidential Decree Number 1899 (Individual Application
for Small Scale Mining);
o Enforce Batas Pambansa 265 and Section 92 of RA 8550 banning the
quarrying of beach sands in all small islands, atolls, reefs and other
similar areas in all water bodies within the Province of Ilocos Norte;
o The province hereby reiterate that Batas Pambansa 265 and Section 92 of
RA 8550 also ban the quarrying of beach sands even for construction
projects classified as Item: Special by the DPWH Blue Book;
o Issue permit for guano collection pursuant to Section 3.4(b), DAO 30,
series of 1992 and extraction of quarry resources on privately owned
lands and/or public lands for building and construction materials
pursuant to Section 43, RA 7942 and Section 138, RA 7160;
o Verify and adjudicate conflicts and collect fees and charges for guano
collection and quarry resources extraction such as but not limited to
sand, and gravel; and
o Promote the use of renewable energy.

3.4. ON COASTAL RESOURCES

Assistance to the FARMCs, fishermen cooperatives and other collective
organizations as well as the transfer of technology.

Enforcement of community-based (mangrove) forest management laws and other

laws on the protection of the environment.

Coastal tourism development and promotion programs.

3.5. ON INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT

Role of the Province
The Provincial Government shall promote the practice of waste segregation
and waste minimization at source. Specifically, it shall perform the following
functions:

o Assist municipal governments in the preparation of a multiyear IWM

program, including information, education, and communication
materials;

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 o Facilitate establishment of supportive linkages between municipal
government units and other government and private sector
organizations;
o Assist municipalities who may decide to group themselves, consolidate or
coordinate their efforts, services, and resources for the purpose of
establishing a common IWM system or facilities;
o In coordination with the Presidential Task Force for Waste Management,
DENR, NGOs, and the League of Municipalities, facilitate the
establishment of a model municipal unit that demonstrates an
effective and efficient IWM system;
o Train provincial personnel to provide technical assistance services,
particularly in IWM and EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) to
city and municipal governments; and
o Install an operational monitoring system to ensure sustainability of IWM
programs.

Role of Cities, Municipalities and Barangays

Pursuant to Section 17, RA 7160, the city, municipality and barangay shall be
responsible in providing services related to waste and garbage disposal. The city
and municipal governments shall consider the following processes for the
establishment of their own IWM system:
o Establish waste stream through the conduct of a baseline survey on current
WM practices;
o Conduct consensus building with communities in order to generate support
and participation from the private sector;
o Prepare an IWM program based on the review of options identified with the
community;
o Promulgate an IWM Ordinance. The ordinance shall contain the following
parts, namely: Definition of Terms, Waste Generation and Storage,
Waste Processing and Resource Recovery, Collection and
Transportation of Waste, Disposal of Solid Wastes, User Fees for
Waste Management Services, Violation and Penalty and Penal
Provisions. The city or municipality may refer to the Generic
City/Municipal Ordinance for waste management prepared by the
Presidential Task Force for Waste Management; and
o Appoint an IWM manager/coordinator to oversee integrated approach
versus the conventional collection and disposal effort.

3.6. ON AIR AND NOISE POLLUTION MANAGEMENT

Comprehensive Air Quality Management Program/Plan
The role of PENRO is to:
o Prepare comprehensive air quality management programs, plans and
strategies within the limits set forth in Republic Act No. 7160 and
R.A. No. 8749 otherwise known as the “Philippine Clean Air Act of
1999" which shall be implemented within the territorial jurisdiction
of Ilocos Norte upon the approval of the Sanggunian;
o Take the lead in all efforts concerning air quality protection and
rehabilitation; and

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 o Coordinate with other government agencies and non-governmental
organizations in the implementation of measures to prevent and
control air pollution.

Noise Reduction
To protect the general welfare and public health against nuisance caused by
excessive noise, the following measures shall be implemented:
o Building construction, digging equipment, stationary engines, factories are
hereby prohibited to create unnecessary noise which would result in
ambient noise level higher than the ambient standards;
o Restaurants, pub houses, karaokes, are also prohibited to create
unnecessary noise which would result in ambient noise level higher
than the ambient standards; and
o Wanton firing of guns and other noise creating gadgets.

3.7. ON ECO-TOURISM MANAGEMENT

Eco-Tourism Development Plan
In line to the Environment Code, the province and in coordination to concerned
city/municipal LGUs, national government agencies/offices, non-governmental
organizations, and private sector representatives, the Provincial Eco-tourism
Development Framework shall be formulated to:
o Regulate and control the growth of ecotourism activities in the Province
through the formulation and implementation of framework plans;
o Identify and prioritize tourism zones and areas for development in
consideration of the ecology, market potential, infrastructure
investment requirement, economic viability, strategic position for
expansion and community participation. Determination of such areas
shall be subject to the recommendation of the Sangguniang Bayan
concerned, after consultation with the affected barangay, and approval
of the Governor, who, in turn, shall issue directive for the purpose;
o Preserve places, sites, or areas of archeological, cultural, and/or historical
value or importance;
o Develop, rehabilitate, conserve and monitor operations of beaches, coastal
forests and sanctuary parks for fish or migratory birds or indigenous
birds, including native flora and fauna;
o Establish a government friendly tourism business atmosphere in order to
further encourage tourism investments such as, but not limited to,
granting fiscal incentives, awards for delivery of excellent hospitality
services, and encouragement or subsidy for small-scale enterprises in
support of eco-tourism;
o Encourage educational awareness as to the importance of ecology and
sustainable development vis-à-vis tourism development and
undertakings through information drive, study tours, and in-bound
and out-bound tourism mission; provided, that in the case of the out-
bound tourism mission, said activity shall be subject to the
recommendation of the Provincial Tourism Office and approval of the
Sangguniang Panlalawigan;
o Establish and maintain Visitors Information Assistance Center;

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 o Establish and maintain a Provincial Tourism Display Center to showcase
locally produced products;
o Encourage holding of tourism activities provided that the activities shall be
environment-friendly and economically sustainable, and
o Encourage use of indigenous materials and Ilocano architectural design to
harmonize design of exterior buildings or edifices with the
architectural style of site and to enhance natural asset and ambiance.

3.8. ON ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION AND EDUCATION

Management Direction
The underlying purpose of the enactment of measures to protect the
environment, seen in its broadest socio-political sense, is to enable people to
critically understand the problems and to mobilize local efforts towards the desired
objectives of rules and regulations. Environmental legislation should not be limited
to the direct curtailment of activities and processes that are inimical to the
preservation of environment, but more importantly, it should educate the people
and enable them to react to and comply with the purpose of the legislative measure.

The objective of a continuing community education program is to cultivate

environment-friendly lifestyles and concretize sustainable use practices among
individuals and industries alike.

Role of INENRO
The Ilocos Norte Environment and Natural Resource Office (INENRO),
through its Administrative and Support Services shall:
o Disseminate information on the state of the environment and the impacts of
human activities on their sustainability as part of its local
environmental education program through various media such as
print, radio, TV, cultural shows, and public dialogues;
o Establish Environment Information Center in coordination with the Ilocos
Norte Provincial Library and Information Center;
o Conduct seminars on subjects such as but not limited to global warming,
ozone depletion, coastal resource and fisheries management systems,
Community-based Fishery Law Enforcement, Air Pollution, Red Tide
Phenomena, Sustainable Agriculture and Safe Use of Pesticides,
Tourism Management, Water Management Program, and other
pertinent topics on the effects of the use of hazardous on the
environment;
o Seek the services of NGOs, POs and other advocacy groups on the
dissemination of information and the conduct of lectures;
o Work closely with local religious groups to design a catechism module
focused on the environment;
o Coordinate with the Department of Education, TESDA and Commission on
Higher Education to develop a concise curriculum on environment
highlighting the unique features of Ilocos Norte’s ecosystem;
o Tap the services of specialists in government agencies such as the DOST,
DENR and DA as well as those in the academe for the conduct of
more comprehensive seminars on the environment;

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 o Establish a network for information and collection and feedback linking
NGOs, government agencies and people’s organizations for reporting
violations, outbreaks, destructive resource-use practices and to
conduct systematic observation on pollution and environmental
impacts of human activities. To this end, investments in radio
communication equipment, computers and other tools for surveillance
should be facilitated; and
o Prescribe guidelines to encourage billboard advertisers to use at least one
fourth (1/4) of their paid space for pictures of and facts about
endangered flora and fauna to heighten people’s awareness in
promoting their conservation and protection.

Role of Local Governments

Local Governments, through inter-municipal cooperation, and with the support
of national agencies, shall embark on a human resources development and capacity
building to:
o Expand multidisciplinary education, training and research on sustainable
management of land, water and air resources;
o Create training opportunities for members of the community, NGOs, POs
and the industry to encourage environment-friendly lifestyles;
o Develop and strengthen, where the need arises, institutions capable of
conducting research, monitoring and implementing the objectives and
activities related to environmental legislation and resources
conservation; and
o Develop local planning capabilities particularly using the population and
development planning method.

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