Research

Tools

Tool Description
Semi-structured interview There will be at least one semi-structured interview with an
with Chefe Suco /Aldeia authority figure who is not directly involved in the
/Bairro management of the source for each SMA visited.

Semi structured interview: This tool will be implemented with a key informant for each
Authority Mapping Tool water source or management group.
Current WMG Where relevant (and not overly sensitive), the tool will be
Historical WMG (if applied to analyse previous experience with WMG for that
relevant) water source/system. (DWASH, Triangle, SAS)

WMG FGD This tool will be applied with KPA members. It covers all of
the main thematic areas. If an area has been fully explored
through the “Authority Mapping Tool” or “Transect Walk”
then questions in the FGD will only be used to

Allows the researchers to observe the state of the water
Transect Walk source/conservation area/water system while also
informally filling in the gaps of information that may not
have been fully covered in the previous Semi-structured
interview or FGD.

User surveys (mostly Informal survey will be conducted by the interpreter/

Water management rubric Summary analysis of the functionality of water management

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 Semi-structured Interview with community authority not directly involved in
water source management
(Chefe Suco OR Chefe Aldeia OR Chefe Bairro)


Objective: To understand community leaders’ perceptions on water supply management in their area.

1. How many water supplies / sources are there in your suco?

2. Has there been any change in quantity and quality of water from these sources?

3. Do the Guarda Floresta or Extensionista support the suco with water source conservation and tree
planting around water sources? What is their role? Can you give an example?

4. What projects have there been in this suco to improve water? (ICRO, PNDS, DWASH, Etadep, Oxfam,
etc)

5. What is your role in water management? Can you give an example of when you have got directly
involved in resolving a problem related to water?

6. What do you think the role of Suco Council or Aldeia should be in managing water? For example, in a
best-case scenario, what would be happening?

7. How are the communities managing water? Are they all using the “GMF or KPA” model or are there
some sources that have another group or individual managing them?

8. What water management structure works well? What doesn’t work? Why? / Why not?

9. How would you like to see the technical aspects of water managed? Each water source has its own
technician, or one well-trained technician to provide support for the whole suco?

10. What advice would you give to World Neighbours to improve how they are helping communities with
water management? (Note: no money for infrastructure/pipes etc)

11. The communities need support to manage their water supplies. Where do they get that support? Do
SAS visit this suco or aldeia? How have they helped with resolving problems with water supply in your
suco/aldeia/bairro? Can you give an example? If SAS doesn’t help the communities with water
management, then who does?

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 Semi-structured interview using Authority Mapping Tool


Introduction: One of the key factors in successful water management groups (WMC) is having the right
people as members of the WMC (Belo, 2013). Rural Oecusse is a very traditional society, and this tool will
help to understand where the authority of the WMC comes from.

This will then be mapped against a rubric that has identified some key indicators of successful community
management of water in Oecusse to map the common sources of authority against successful water
management.

Objective: To identify where the authority of those responsible for water management of a particular
water source or system comes from?

To what extent is the direct participation of traditional community leadership and custodians of the water
source in its management related to the success of its management?

Is there a difference in “authority profile” of WMC members between previous unsuccessful attempts to
form a WMC and the current WMC or community management arrangements?

Data Collection (Authority Mapping Tool)

1. Identify a key informant who knows the family relationships in the community.
2. Introduce them to the tool, fill in the names of the marga who are served by this water source, key
people on the KPA or key water managers if there is not a WMC.
3. One by one, link the “water manager” with the authority figures or groups with the relationship.
4. Add any other notes regarding relationships etc. at the side of the tool.

Potential follow up questions
• How did these people come to be members of the WMC?
• Are all marga represented on the WMC? Which marga(s) have authority in the community
especially with respect to water?
• Where does the women’s authority come from? (her own family, husband’s family, other?)

History: In communities that have a history of WMC formation and failure, use this tool to map the ‘old’
WMC to determine who were the members and their links to community authorities.
• What authorities were they linked to?
• Why did the WMC fail?
• What was the difference between that WMC and now?
• What happened in the renewal of the WMC that has changed the situation for the WMC?

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Data Analysis

Results of the mapping will be entered into Excel and analysed using pivot tables

Level 1

• How many WMC chiefs (and other members) are linked to traditional/customary authority
figures/families? (be’e nain, rai nain, tobe, etc etc)
• How many WMC chiefs (and other members) are linked to formal governance structures (chefe suco,
aldeia, bairro)
• How many WMC chiefs and other members have more than one source of authority?
• Where does the authority of female WMC members come from?
• What is the relation between the WMC committee members?

• Are WMC members also members of PNDS committees (capacity)?
• Are WMC members also members of other groups that ICRO has formed (Motivation)


Level 2 (rubric)

• What is the ‘authority profile’ of successful water management?
• What is the ‘authority profile’ of unsuccessful water management?
• What other factors affect WMC functionality?

BEE MATAN: …………………………………………….. Marga saida mak uza bee matan ne'e? Ha'u mak ….. = ---------------------

BAIRO: ……………………………………………… 1.……………………………………………………….. Ha'u-nia fmailia mak ….. = /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\

ENTREVESTIA HO: ……………………………………………. 2.……………………………………………………….. Ha'u membru iha …….. = ----------------------

DATA: ……………………………………………. 3…………..…………………………………………….

4…………………………………………………………





BEE NAIN
LIURAI
RAI NAIN
TOBE
LIA NAIN

XEFE SUKU
XEFE ALDEIA
XEFE BAIRO

KONSELLU SUKU
PNDS COMMITTEE
KELOMPOK TANI
UBSP

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 Focus Group Discussion with Water Management Group

*Refer to baseline information for type of water source, number of households etc

1. How has this water source been managed in the past? (pre-ICRO)

• Who was responsible for it in Portuguese/Indonesian times? How was it used then?
• What projects have been implemented here post-Independence? D-Wash/Oxfam/PNDS….etc

2. Who is responsible for managing this water source now? (post-ICRO) (Authority)

• Who has traditional authority over this water source?
• What is this person/family's relationship to the water? Bee nain, rai nain, tobe…etc?
• What are the family relationships in the bairo in regards to the water source?
• Is there a functioning WMG or just one or two key people?

3. Is the water source management functioning well or not? (ICRO)

• Is the person/family/WMG responsible for the water source happy with their role?
• What are their/the WMG responsibilities? (capacity)
• Has the WMG changed over time? Why?
• What are the challenges being faced by the current water source managers?

4. How do you feel about the current WMG (perception)?

• What is it like being part of the group? Do you meet regularly?
• Do you feel it is helpful to have a formal structure, or do you prefer to work informally?
• Why do you think people lose or maintain their interest in a WMG?

5. What has been your experience with attending training as a member of the WMG (capacity)?

• Have you attended any training, ICRO or other water programs/SAS?
• Did you find the training helpful? Was it too short/too long/wrong time of year?
• Do you have any recommendations for how the training could be changed in the future?

6. Why are you a member of the WMG (motivation)?

• Do you have to be because of your role in the community/family structure?
• Were you nominated for this role or did you volunteer yourself for it?
• Are you connected to a community group who uses it such as a school?
• Do you enjoy doing community work? Why?

7. How do you think the community feels about paying the water fees? (perceptions)

• Is there a system for payments? What is it?
• Do the water source users pay or not? What reasons do they give if they don't pay?
• Is it too expensive? Or is it not enough money to cover maintenance?
• What do you think needs to change so that people will pay the fees?

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8. Are you supported in your work on the WMG? (Accountability)

• Who supports you? Does the community?
• Do SAS SDF visit you? When was the last time they visited?
• Does the Xefe Bairo, XA or XS visit or show interest in what's going on with your water source?
• Do you feel you need more or less support? What sort of support? What impact does this support
have on your work as the WMG?

9. Do you report back to the community on your WMG activities? (Accountability)

• If no, why not? What sort of challenges do you face in terms of sharing information with the
community?
• If yes, how do you do this? Is it informal, or a regular community meeting, or something else?
• Do you report specifically to the Xefe Bairo or XA?

10. How are other community resources managed?

• Who looks after the bridge, road, suco building, church, vehicles? How do they do it?
• Are there any other resource management models that exist?

11. What would be the best-case scenario for you in terms of managing this water source?

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 Transect Walk



Observation of the state of the water source/conservation area/water system while also informally filling
in the gaps of information that may not have been fully covered in the previous Semi-structured interview
or FGD. See FGD with Water Management Group tool.

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 Community Survey

Name: _______________________ Water Source: _____________________
Bairo: ______________________ Date: _____________________
Marga: _______________________

1. Where do you usually collect water? (one answer – main water source in each season)
Wet season: Dry season:
□ ICRO source □ ICRO source
□ Other water □ Other water
□ River □ River

2. If you don't collect water at [ insert ICRO water source ], why? (one answer)
Didn’t participate in the project
The other source is closer to my house
I only use the [ICRCO water source] for a few months during the dry season
My family don’t collect water from that source

*Finish survey if they don't collect water at [ insert ICRO water source ]

*If yes, continue….

3. Who is responsible for looking after this water source?
□ I know, it is: _______________________________
□ I don’t know – go to question no.6

4. What is this person's position in the community? _______________________________

5. What do they do for the water source? □ Adat ceremonies
□ Conservation (plants trees)
□ Fixes pipe or tap when broken
□ Clean up the water source area
□ __________________________
□ They don't do anything
□ I don't know

6. Have you been involved in any activities at the water source? □ Yes □ No

7. If no, why not? _______________________________________________

8. If yes, what sort of activities? □ Adat ceremonies
□ Tree planting
□ Building/fixing the fence
□ Building the water source bak/
□ Clean up the water source area
□ ___________________________

9. Who do you go to when there is a problem with the water? ______________________

10. Do you pay for water? □ Yes □ No
(If yes, continue to next question. If no, go to Question No.17)
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11. How much do you pay? ___________________________

12. How often do you pay? □ Weekly
(one answer) □ Monthly
□ Yearly
□ Whenever I have some money

13. Who collects the payment? ___________________________________

14. What do they use the money for? □ Adat ceremonies
□ Conservation (plants trees)
□ Fixes pipe or tap when broken
□ __________________________
□ I don't know

15. Do they report back or tell you how they use the money? □ Yes □ No

16. If yes, how do they tell you? □ They tell me directly/personally
□ Word of mouth
□ They hold a community meeting
□ They tell the Xefe Bairo/Xefe Aldeia who tells the community
□ ______________________________

17. If you don’t pay, why not? □ It's too expensive
(one answer) □ I don't want to
□ I'm not included in the water project, I just collect water
□ The water source/pipes are not reliable
□ I only use it in the dry season
□ __________________________

18. Have you ever paid for water? □ Yes □ No

19. If yes, why did you stop paying? _______________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20. If the water was improved, would you be willing to pay more for water?
□ Yes □ No

21. If yes, how much? ______________________

22. How is it best for you to pay? □ Weekly
(one answer) □ Monthly
□ Yearly
□ When I have some extra money

23. How do you feel about how the water is managed in your bairro?

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 Assessment of water source /system management

Indicator Criteria
This person is named in FGD and semi structured interviews as the person who
Person responsible for mobilises the community/resources for both conservation work and ongoing care
coordinating use of water source of the source and/or water system
1. (and water) is clearly identified Majority of users surveyed name this person as responsible for the water source
and known to the users This is the person that water users go to when there is a problem regarding water
to be resolved (and he responds).

Group/person mobilise the water WMG and other leaders give examples of activities they have implemented to
users for activities to maintain maintain water supply (pipes) or conserve the water source area (verified by
water supply (maintenance – fix NGO/WN staff)
2. pipes, cleaning tanks, fixing The majority of water users surveyed are able to give examples of activities their
cracked cement), cleaning water family unit have been involved in to maintain water supply (pipes) or conserve the
points or conserve the water water source area (after initial ICRO activity?)
source area
Observation that water source or system is maintained:
Water source / system is being no/few leaks in pipes;
actively managed taps not broken or leaking;
3. area around water collection point is clean (no or few RINSO packets);
(Score weighting x2) well platform not cracked;
trees in conservation area are cared for (weeds)

WMG members describe money collection method and frequency and how much
money they have collected (if annual, in the last collection)
Money is available and used for WMG members describe how they have spent money collected for water source
4. maintenance and repairs when (repairs and maintenance, adat, spare parts, incentive for technicians)
required. The majority of survey respondents can describe the system for payment for water
source and maintenance ($$, monthly, annually)

The authorities interviewed reported that they receive information about activities
Those responsible for water of the WMG (informal verbal, written, meetings)
management inform the The majority of survey respondents can describe how they receive information
5. community and authorities of about the water management activities and expenditure of funds
their activities and expenditure of Water managers can give examples of when they have informed community of
funds collected. water management activities and financial expenditure.

Water Managers report at least one SAS support visit in the past 6 months
SAS support the water Community authorities report and can describe contact with SAS in the past six
6. management group
months

Total Score: /14

Score Criteria
2 All criteria are met
1 At least one criteria is met
0 No criteria are met


Total : x / 14

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