A TRAINER’S MANUAL

FOR COMMUNITY
WASH PLANNING

book 4: annexes
A TRAINER’S MANUAL FOR COMMUNITY WASH PLANNING

© January 2011
National Directorate of Water and Sanitation Services (DNSAS),
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste

Manual Development and Editing Team:

Adriano da Cruz - SAS Bobonaro

Martinho Camões - SAS Aileu
Germano de Araujo - SAS Ainaro
Acasio Pereira - SAS Lospalos
Elias P. Moniz - DNSAS
Martinus Nahak - DNSAS
Bendonina dos Reis - DNSC
Aleixo da Cruz - RWSSP (BESIK)
Oscar da Silva - RWSSP (BESIK)
Constantino Belo - RWSSP (BESIK)
Fabiola de Araujo - RWSSP (BESIK)
Miguel Ximenes - RWSSP (BESIK)
Maria Luisa Magno - RWSSP (BESIK)
Jose Antonio - RWSSP (BESIK)
Sertorio M Moniz - RWSSP (BESIK)
Fernando Gonsalves - RWSSP (BESIK)
Perpetua Ana Mery - RWSSP (BESIK)
Diva Maria Alves - RWSSP (BESIK)
Joanna Mott - RWSSP (BESIK)
Manoj Nath - RWSSP (BESIK)
Heather Moran - RWSSP (BESIK)
Keith Simpson - RWSSP (BESIK)
Olivier Gaucher - RWSSP (BESIK)
Ross Kidd - RWSSP (BESIK)
Vito B S da Costa - RWSSP (BESIK)
book 4: Annexes

Contents
1. Project cycle...............................................................................D4
2. social analysis tools............................................................D8
3. technical options....................................................................D11
4. checklist for gmf memorandum of
understanding.........................................................................D17
5. community wash plan..........................................................D19
6. besik community wash snapshot tool......................D30
 PROJECT CYCLE
Step Title Description Output

PHASE 1 ‐ PLANNING
1 Rapport building and Meeting with community leaders (suco & aldeia chiefs) – objective: Key stakeholders identified
Community get cooperation, identify key community groups, and set up community meeting
Community commitment and
Mobilisation
Community meeting 1 – discussion on: confidence to manage WASH
a) Community experience of working together as community – success stories –
identifying strengths and resources – how to use in developing WASH Working group
b) Introduction to community analysis and planning process – small groups + tools
c) Form working group to lead the planning phase (working with CF) – gender mix
2 Social Analysis Small/focus group sessions using the following tools: Map ‐ resources and issues
a) Social & Resource Mapping – identify resources, settlement patterns, social issues

D4
b) Transect Walk – task groups – WASH situation in community – water sources Assessment of water sources,
(location, distance, how accessible, quantity, quality, etc); hygiene; sanitation hygiene practices, & sanitation
c) WASH Trend Analysis – 1980/2000/2010 ‐ water supply, sanitation, hygiene
d) Stakeholder Analysis/Venn Diagram – identify key groups/organizations (roles, Before & now assessment
interest, importance, how close to community, etc)
e) Focus Groups – two topics – a) technical options1 b) hygiene & sanitation 2 Identified key stakeholders

Preferred technical options

1
There should be two separate focus group discussions for women and men on this which includes a discussion on clothes washing facilities near water points and
drainage at water points.
2
There should also be two separate focus group discussions for women and men on sanitation and hygiene priorities and needs.
Step Title Description Output
3 WASH Situation Working group and CF consolidate information and analysis from step #2 Prioritised WASH problems,
Analysis - and identify the core WASH problems (water, sanitation, hygiene) options, and resources
4 Preparation of Action Community Meeting 2 (community workshop): 1) Community Plan
Plan a) Review outputs from the social analysis – core WASH problems/issues
b) Topic groups work on action plans – i) water supply ii) hygiene & sanitation – using 2) Snapshot Tool
checklist for each of the 3 topics
H&S: to include actions using community resources + actions using external resources
5 Technical Survey & Technical survey of sources and pipe route + design and costing of new system Draft Technical Design
Design - carried out by technical personnel with help from community. including cost estimates
Community Plan

D5
6 Community Community Meetings to finalise and agree on community plan – using checklist:
Agreement and a) Type of water system, costs, community contributions (materials, labour)
b) Workplan for construction MOU
Finalisation of
c) Management of new system – GMF, maintenance team, management of funds, etc
Community Plan Gender balanced GMF
d) Signing of MOU
e) Formation of GMF
 Step Title Description Output

PHASE 2 – IMPLEMENTATION
1 Adat Ceremony Organise adat ceremony to bless the new system

2 GMF Training Conduct training for GMF on skills to manage construction: Skills for organizing/managing
• How to organise work groups construction
• How to organise materials – specifications, storage, control, record‐keeping
• How to check on quality of construction – checklist of things to look for
3a GMF/Community • Regular GMF and community meetings to review schedule, plan construction work (eg
Meetings rotation by work groups), report on progress, and solve problems/conflicts
3b Meetings with • Regular GMF meetings with contractor to discuss:
a) work schedule;

D6
contractor
b) materials;
c) labour inputs;
d) progress and how to solve problems
3c Mobilisation of • Delivery and storage of external materials – control, record keeping Materials delivered to site
Materials • Organisation of local materials (sand, stones, etc) – community contribution Local materials at site

3d Implementation of • Management of day to day activities ‐ GMF members working with contractor and
activities community to organise work

4 Social/Public Audit • Community workshop to review level of participation, how decisions were made, how Public audit report
activities were implemented, and use of money (community assisted by CF)
Step Title Description Output
PHASE 3 – POST IMPLEMENTATION
1 GMF Training Series of short workshops (over a period of time): GMF members having more
Skills ‐ maintenance, collecting and managing money (including record‐keeping), organizational/management
organising community meetings, conflict resolution, networking with other GMFs skills and confidence
2 Community Meetings Regular community meetings to report on progress and solve problems
3 RWASH Activities Operation and maintenance + water course protection regular maintenance by
technical team, buying spare parts, reporting major faults to GMF and taking action
Mobilising and Managing Money regular collection of contributions from households,
providing receipts, safe‐keeping of money, financial records, reporting to community

D7
Hygiene and Sanitation promotion of individual behaviour change by GMF and PSF
4 Follow up visits to Regular follow up visits to community by SDF and others to help with problem solving
community and access to information and resources
 SOCIAL ANALYSIS TOOLS

Tools Social and Gender Inclusion Strategy Outputs

Social and Resource • Men’s group and women’s group Step 1: Mapping
Mapping or Population data, habitation features, water and other natural resources and access,
• One mixed group (men & women) public services and facilities, institutions, vulnerable groups etc.
and one women’s group
• Collecting gender segregated data Step 2: Group Discussion
• Facilitate participation of all types 1. Houses with water facilities
of members including vulnerable 2. Houses with toilet facilities (private or shared and wet or dry)
community members 3. Houses with malaria incidences among children during the last two weeks
4. Houses with diarhoea incidences during the last six months.
Community Snapshot Tool: Section 4
Transect Walk • Specialist groups for each of the 3 Water Supply
topics – water supply, sanitation • Location with distance of water sources

D8
and hygiene (mixed groups – men • Quantity and quality of water
and women) • Condition of water sources and supply points
• Each group is given a checklist for • Access to water (settlement wise, to women etc.)
covering the key issues • If well – dedicated water collection bucket at water source (hygiene issue)
• After the walk review the findings
in single sex groupings
Sanitation
• Type of sanitation facility (private or shared and wet or dry)
• How sanitation facilities are used – which family members? how often?
Tools Social and Gender Inclusion Strategy Outputs
• Major defecating areas, disposal of solid and other waste, mosquito breeding areas
• Condition of village drain or waste water disposal system and other environment
sanitation issues
Hygiene
• Household or community handwashing stations
• Fencing on animals
• Clean yards (no debris that might act as breeding sites
• Closed water containers and dedicated cups for pouring of water
• Appropriate drainage around water sources, bathing houses, etc.
• Men assisting women with household activities
Community Snapshot Tool: Sections 3 & 4

D9
Trend Analysis • Mixed groups involving old men Step 1: Trend Analysis
and women, traditional leaders, 1. Historical trend of water sources and resources
young working population etc. 2. Occurrences of diseases such as malaria and diarrhea and its relation to water,
• Separate discussion with old sanitation and hygiene
women and young women 3. Community initiatives in managing water and environmental resources
• Facilitator should be prepared
with a list of WASH issues to map Step 2: Group Discussion
historically in the area 1. Why things have changed?
2. What can the community do to address these issues – in the community plan?
 Tools Social and Gender Inclusion Strategy Outputs
VENN DIAGRAM • Men’s group and women’s group Step 1: Venn Diagram
or 1. What are the different community groups and organizations in the area?
• One mixed group (men & women) 2. What are the community organizations with women members and office bearers?
and one women’s group 3. List the important community organizations with their strengths who can play an
• Groups discuss the roles and important role
responsibilities of service 4. Social networks that could be used to promote WASH behaviour change
providers followed by a ranking (e.g. who do communities listen to and trust the most?)

Step 2: Group Discussion

Community Snapshot Tool: Sections 1 & 2
FOCUS GROUP 1: • One mixed group (men & women) Analysis of water supply options:
WATER SUPPLY and one women’s group • Advantages/disadvantages? How accessible?

D10
OPTION • How will it be constructed? Community contribution to construction
(eg labour,materials)
• How will it be maintained? How much money needed for maintenance?
• If multi‐aldeia system – level of cooperation between aldeias?
• How will community manage: a) construction? b) maintenance?
• How will the community get spare parts?
FOCUS GROUP 2 • Men’s group and women’s group Analysis of H&S behaviours – current status and what the community want to do:
AND3: HYGIENE AND • Washing hands with soap and water ‐ after defecation/cleaning a child who has
SANITATION defecated; before eating/feeding a child, before preparing food
• Construction, use, and maintaining latrine
• Faeces disposal of faeces appropriately
• Store and use drinking/cooking water properly
• Ensure proper drainage around water sources and bathing areas
• Improve women’s active participation in decision making re WASH
 TECHNICAL OPTIONS
Water supply technology System Pro Cons Sustainability Application Preferred options
components
A Roof reservoir ‐ Simple technology ‐ Only seasonal or/and High Schools, If C+D impossible
with tap complementary clinic, and
Rainwater ‐Low contaminatio‐ because of the short other or/and insufficient
harvesting n risks rainy season in Timor
public
Leste‐Water does not
‐Low maintenance contain minerals buildings.
Mainly for
‐ Requires large
toilet
nontraditional roof
flushing
area
and hand
washing

D11
B Infiltration ‐ Relatively easy ‐ Requires treatment Low to Irrigation Only for
gallery or access to large for human medium or/and recommended
Surface /and pumps, quantity of water consumption industries application unless
water reservoir and water treatment
extraction taps ‐ High operational cost available
for pumping
operation
‐ High contamination
risks
‐ High turbidity in rainy
season
 Water supply technology System Pro Cons Sustainability Application Preferred options
components

C Pulley and ‐ Good social ‐ High risks of High Domestic If D1, D2, C2 and C3
Wells bucket acceptance contamination for use impossible/insufficient
open wells
C1 ‐ Simple technology
Hand dug ‐ High collection time
well ‐ Low maintenance

C2
Hand pump ‐ Good social ‐ Subject to spare part Medium Domestic If D1,D3, C3

D12
Hand dug or motorized acceptance availability use impossible/insufficient
well and pump
‐ Good water quality ‐ High /medium
pump
when construction maintenance
standards are met
‐ Requires good
maintenance skills
Water supply technology System Pro Cons Sustainability Application Preferred options
components
C3
Hand or ‐ Good water quality ‐ Complex technology Low to Domestic/ If D1
motorized ‐ High investment costs medium commercial/ impossible/insufficient/
Bore hole ‐ Allow to tap into
‐ High O&M cost if
with pump pump + tap deep and irrigation/ too costly
motorized
reservoir, perennial aquifers ‐ Subject to spare part industrial
taps and uses
‐ Potential to deliver availability
pipeline if large volumes of ‐ Require specialized
motorized water technicians
pump

D13
 Water supply technology System Pro Cons Sustainability Application Preferred options
components

D Spring Intake, ‐Good water quality ‐High seasonal variation Medium Domestic use Preferred option when
pipeline, ‐Relative ease of of flow volume requirements
D1 gravity fed are met and based on
operation and ‐Potentially high construc-
Gravity taps, tanks maintenance cost analysis
tion cost
fed ‐Potential land rights
System issues
‐Topographical constraints

D14
Water supply technology System Pro Cons Sustainability Application Preferred options
components
D2
Intake + taps ‐ Good water quality ‐ Can be far from High Domestic use If D1 and C3 impossible/
(or free flow ‐ Low maintenance community insufficient
Protecte‐
if sufficient ‐ Low cost ‐ Access can be difficult
d spring
flow) (slope/terrain)
‐ High seasonal variation

D15
 Water supply technology System Pro Cons Sustainability Application Preferred options
components

D3
Intake, pump, ‐ Good water ‐ High seasonal variation Low Domestic use If D1,C3,D2 impossible
Spring pipeline, quality ‐ High O&M
with tank, taps ‐ Complex technology
‐ Overcomes
pump technology
topographical
system ‐ Subject to spare part
constraints
availability
‐ Security risks (theft)
‐ Requires specialized
technicians

D16
 Checklist for GMF Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)

1. Name of the GMF (if any) or Name of Aldeia:

2. Address
3. Vision
4. Goals/objectives
5. Functional Areas
i. Development of GMF regulations and its monitoring
ii. Planning and construction of water systems
iii. Operation and maintenance of water systems
iv. Collection and management of funds for WASH activities
v. Promotion and monitoring of sanitation and hygiene activities
vi. Networking and communication with other agencies
vii. Others as decided by the community
6. General Membership
i. Who can become a GMF member (criteria)
ii. Joining as a member (Enrollment/ registration)
iii. Termination or cancellation of membership
iv. Roles and Responsibility of general members
7. Office Bearers (GMF Management Group)
i. Selection/election of GMF management members (should include PSF in the
management group)
ii. Criteria for management group members (should be 50 % or more women members
in technical and management role as per the water supply guidelines)
iii. Duration of terms for management members
iv. Termination and dissolution of management group
v. Termination of group members (misconduct, fail to participate in meetings and
activities regularly etc.)
8. Roles and responsibilities for GMF management group members
i. Roles and responsibilities of each of the office bearer/group member (PSF should
lead WASH behavior change activities)
9. Meeting and general assemblies
i. Meeting of GMF management group ‐objectives, frequency, invitations, decision
making process, dissemination of decisions of the management group
ii. General assembly (Aldeia meeting) – objectives, frequency, invitations, meeting
conduct rules for decision making

D17
10. Office Management
i. Record keeping
ii. Reporting and Communication (Suco council, SAS, Sub‐District Administration, NGO
etc. on all aspects of WASH program as water use, water source protection, latrine
construction and use, hand washing facilities with soap and water, funds collection
and its use, GMF progress and other as per the community plan)
11. Financial Management
i. Setting of tariff and Collection of tariff
ii. Banking systems (inside Aldeia or outside Aldeia)
iii. Use of funds (decision for operation and maintenance, planning and implementing
WASH activities etc.)
12. Agreement between GMF and other government and non‐government agencies
13. Amendment to GMF MoU and regulation
14. Monitoring and evaluation of GMF (Who are involved, when, dissemination of results to
community etc.)
15. Women’s participation in GMF and in community (how does GMF encourage women from
the GMF and from the community to participate in community activities)

D18
 COMMUNITY WASH PLAN (CWP)
Project summary (to be completed by Community Facilitator) 1
Project activity Construction of Well
Project Site & Location Name of Project
Number of Aldeia/Name
Number of Suco/Name
Sub District
District
Name of applicant community/GMF
Dates of identification, completion of Date of Identification
community plan Date of Community Plan
Date of submission of community plan to
DNSAS
Project Design / Components

Target Client Group No. of families benefitting directly

Total Project Cost $

Community contribution / source of $ Cash................., Labour………………………… Local
Community funding materials………………………:

Project Implementation Schedule Total Project Frame: .... days/Weeks ‐

Pre-Construction Mobilising Activities: ....... Weeks
Actual construction implementation: ........... Weeks

Operational & maintenance 1.

Arrangements 2.
3.
4.

Implementing Agency (Construction) GMF/NGO/Contractor

1
This project summary table will be filled in by the facilitator after the community has drafted the plan.
D19
Project activity Construction of Well
Working groups for supervision and ..... member committee (M…F…) appointed by the GMF as the working
monitoring groups
Supervision by the GMF, Monitoring by SAS
Technical guidance by the TO
Capacity Building of Action committee or NGO and SAS
GMF to implement the activity

Planned sanitation activities 1.

2.
3.
4.

Planned hygiene and behaviour change 1.

activities 2.
3.
4.

Water Resource Management activities 1.

(Source and catchments protection) 2.
3.
4.

D20
 A. Action Plan

1. Water Supply
1.1 What type of water facilities have you selected?
No. Type of Water System New or No. of Water Total Cost ($) Community
Rehabilitated? Points Contribution

TOTAL
Note: Attach a social map showing the location of the proposed new water systems.

1.2 What type of washing and drainage facilities have you included in your plan?2
No. Facilities Included in the plan Details as in the plan
(Y/N)
1. Washing facility near water point No.and Type
2. Drainage Type and length in meter
3. Other facilities Provide details

1.3 Operation & Maintenance

a) Responsibility?
No. Activity Who will be responsible? How often?

1. Cleaning water point and area around it

2. Preventive Maintenance
3. Repairs
4. Collection of Tariffs
5. Security of water points
6. Coordination/supervision all of the above

b) Responsibility to buy and store spare parts

No. Activity Who is responsible Where
1. Buying of spare parts
2. Storage of spare parts
Note: In case the community plans to create spare parts storage, please decide what and how often to buy in a calendar
year. This is discussed as part of developing O&M plan.

2
What decisions the community has taken on washing facility (clothes) and drainage at water points based on the facilitation during the
planning process? This facilitation must include separate discussion with women and men groups.

D21
c) Who have you selected as the technical/repair team (name and sex)?3
No. Name of Male members Name of female members
1.
2.
3.

d) Repairs ?
Who will be the community/GMF representative report on major repairs?

e) Rules – for Using Water System and Collecting Money. Make a list of rules agreed by the community.
Rules for Using the Water System Rules for Collecting Money & Account Keeping

f) What is your plan for dealing with DEFAULTERS to GMF regulations? (Specific actions)
Type of default Actions

3
Women must be selected as member of technical team
D22
g) Will you provide EXEMPTIONS for some community members (eg older people or disabled people or pregnant
women)? For whom?

h) How will you protect the water source/catchments (in the case of a gravity system)?

No. Activity Frequency/Time Responsibility

1.4 Community Contributions

Contribution Source particulars In USD Initial mobilisation of
contribution
Cash
Labour

Materials

Labour contribution No.of Days No. of Persons

Labour for construction
Labour for cooking and other assistance
for construction team
Note: Children below 15 years of age cannot be involved for heavy construction activities and if involved in any commu-
nity work this should not interrupt their schooling. Labour should include calculation of construction work, cooking and
assistance to group conducting construction work.

1.5 Tariffs – Outlineyour plans forsetting andcollecting tariffs.

No. Who Tariff How often (weekly/monthly)

D23
1.6 Money Management ‐ Outline your plans e.g.
Where will the community keep the money? Who will bank the money? Where? How often?
i. Bank
ii. Treasurer/community
iii. Church
iv. Other
Who will audit/varify the GMF accounts? How often?
How will the GMF report to the community on the finances? How often?

1.7 Information on Bank (or Other Financial Institution)

Name & Address of Bank Account Number Current Balance Signatories
(or other financial institution) as of date
1.
2.
3.
4.

1.8 Project Estimates (Bill of Quantities)

Please complete the following table:
Item Total Community SAS/RWSSP
Quantity Estimated Quantity Estimated Quantity Value
Value Value

Note: The facilitator should assist the community in preparing this table

D24
2. Sanitation and Hygiene (including WASH Behaviour Change)

2.1 WASH Behaviour Change

Key behaviours 4
• Wash hands with soap and water
o After defecation / cleaning a child who has defecated
o Before eating / feeding a child
o Before preparing food
• Safe disposal of adult and child faeces
• Construct, use, and maintain a latrine
• Store and use drinking and cooking water safely
• Improve women’s active participation in decision making around water, sanitation and hygiene

a) What practical activities has the community agreed to do in order to promote the above key behaviours?

b) What capacity resources are needed to promote the above activities? How will the community mobilise these?

c) GMF members who are focusing on WASH behaviour change

Name of WASH Volunteer Sex Tasks

Note: Include the PSF in the list (PSF should be co-opted onto GMF)

4
Based on the FGD and planning sessions conducted during the planning process. If the community does not have enough information
the facilitator should facilitate another session to complete this section.
D25
2.2 Sanitation
Reducing Open Defecation
a) What assistance will GMF provide to households to reduce open defecation in the community? e.g.
• Helping promote and organise toilet construction
• Helping vulnerable households with toilet construction
• Monitoring toilet construction
• Other?
• To identify and refer shops/places to buy sanitation products.

3. Community Management
3.1 What steps have been taken – and will be taken – to ensure that women have a significant role in WASH planning
and management?
I …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
II …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
III …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3.2 Please complete the following details for GMF members:

Name Position M F Signature
Chair
Secretary
Treasurer
Technical Team
Technical Team
Technical Team
WASH Volunteer
WASH Volunteer
WASH Volunteer
WASH Volunteer
(PSF)
Note: The GMF should include 50 percent or more women members. The GMF should include female members in the
GMF technical team.

3.3 Training: Specify what type of training that GMF members need:
Skill Area For whom Why

3.4. Has the GMF developed a bye‐law/constitution/MoU/Regulation? Yes..............No ...............

If “Yes”, has it been approved/ratified/registered by suco administration, sub‐District administration, and district
administration?

D26
4. Monitoring and Evaluation
Results – WASH Facilities and Behaviour Change
List 8 changes your community has decided they would like to see in the next few years as a result of your new water
and sanitation facilities and WASH behaviour change:

No. Type of Change Description of Expected Changes Frequency of Participants/

monitoring(Weekly/ stakeholder
Monthly/Quartely/Six involved in
monthly/Yearly) monitoring
1. Use of water facilities
2. Latrines constructed and
used (households with
improved sanitation)
3. Handwashing facilities
with soap and water near
latrine
4. Households storing
drinking water safely
(stored in containers with
small mouths, with
covers, and stored in a
place that animals cannot
access)

5. Women participating
actively in WASH
decisions
6. GMF regulation
7. Accountability of GMF
8. Other areas if any
Note: The M&E plan should include decision about a plan, responsibility to organise and inform stakeholders about the
result. The list may include other areas as identified by the community.

How will the GMF monitor the following (Use the following list to describe each area during planning session):
# of households with improved sanitation
# of households with handwashing facilities with water and soap within near latrine
# of households storing drinking water safely (stored in containers with small mouths, with covers, and stored in a
place that animals cannot access)

D27
Declaration:

This Community WASH Plan developed by representatives of different sections of the community was approved at a
meeting of community members held on…………………..at………………………in the presence of…………………………5

The meeting was attended by #…………members of the community out of an estimated #…………

Those present6 accepted and adopted this Community WaSH Plan to be forwarded through appropriate channels in
request of district approval and assistance.

Signed on behalf of community by GMF. Signed on behalf of

………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
(designation) (Chefe de Suco/Aldeia)

………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
(designation) (SAS District Manager)

………………………………………………… ………………………………………………….
(designation) (Sub District Administration)

…………………………………………………
(witnessing authority)

Community members present and in support of proposed Community WASH Plan

WOMEN MEN

5
An external authority such as a member of the Suco or Sub-District administration.
6
List of signatures attached. D28
We, the signatories above, authorise:

………………………………………………………………
(designation)

………………………………………………………………
(designation)

………………………………………………………………
(designation)

to sign this document as proof of our support of the proposed plan and our agreement to:

Contribute for the following community WASH;

• Assume responsibility for ongoing operations and maintenance;

• Promote construction and use of improved latrines with or without external subsidy;

• Promote the construction and use of hand washing facilities (with water and soap) near latrine;

• Meet regularly to discuss, implement and evaluate the Community WASH Program; and

• Practice safe drinking water handling behaviours (stored in containers with small mouths, with covers, and
stored in a place that animals cannot access).

Documents Required for Community WASH Plan approval:

1. Community WASH Plan with a budget

2. Technical design and drawing for water supply/ Sanitation

3. GMF By‐law/Regulation

4. Community Snapshot Report

D29
BESIK Community WASH Snapshot Tool

(Version 2)
Name of Implementing NGO/Agency

Facilitator’s Name

Date Snapshot completed

Name of Project Site/Aldeia

(Provide names of Aldeias in case of a

multi‐village system)

Sub District

District

Population Size and Composition

Females Males

Adults (> 15 years)

Children (<5 years)

Total

Total Number of Households

D30
Section 1. Networking and Linkages
1.1 Institutional Ranking

Key Questions
1. What are the different community groups and organisations in the Aldeia?
2. What are community groups/organisations that have women members?
3. Whoare the importantstakeholdersin the communitywhoseparticipationis criticalfor sustainablecommunitydevelopment
(RWASH)?

Information source
Institutional Ranking – Venn diagram
Rank Organisation Name Women
(Priority members
List) (Y/N)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Note: Please use the rank of organisations above in order of priority.

D31
1.2 Institutional Ranking – RWASH Agencies

Key Questions
1. How influential are RWASH agencies?

Information source
Facilitator’s analysis of the results given in Section 1.1
Agency Score 0 Score 1 Score 2 Score 3
Health No health agencies are Health agencies listed Health agencies listed Health agencies listed
agencies listed by the but low in ranking but mid in ranking and high in ranking
community
Sanitation No sanitation agencies Sanitation agencies Sanitation agencies Sanitation agencies listed
agencies listed by the listed but low in listed but mid in and high in ranking
community ranking ranking
Water No water agencies Water agencies listed Water agencies listed Water agencies listed
supply listed by the but low in ranking but mid in ranking and high in ranking
agencies community

1.3 Institutional Ranking – Participation of women

Key Question
1. How are women involved in the agencies?

Information source
Facilitator’s analysis of the results given in section 1.1
Score Criteria

0 No organisations with women

1 Some organisations with women
2 Most organisations with women
3 All organisations with women

1.4 Individuals with positive influence on community

Key Question
1. Who are the influential individuals in the community who can positively influence the participation and outcome of
the community managed processes?

Information source
Focus group discussion

D32
 Stakeholder Name Stakeholder Role How this stakeholder influences the Gender (tick one)
community
Male Female

Section 2. Governance
2.1 Community mobilization and participation
Key Questions
1. What are the community initiatives made during the last two years with and without any external support?
2. Who were the individuals and groups involved in the process of planning and implementation of those activities?

Information source
Group discussion
Community participation (in last 2 years)
External
Who was involved in planning the Who was involved in implementing
Support
activity? (tick all that apply) the activity? (tick all that apply)
Activity Name (tick one)
Village Community Community Village Community Community
Yes No
leader Women Men leader Women Men

D33
Participation rating completed by Facilitator using data in above tables
Score Criteria
0 No activities planned/implemented in the last 2 years
1 Activities are implemented by village leaders with no participation from community members
2 Activities are usually planned and implemented by village leaders and community men only
3 Activities are usually planned and implemented by village leaders, community men and women

2.2 Record keeping

Key Questions
1. Was there any record keeping practiced in the community?
2. Who had access to financial and technical details of community activities?

Information source
Focus group discussion and pocket voting
Question Score 0 Score 1 Score 2 Score 3
Were financial No Financial/technical Financial/technical Financial/technical
and technical financial/technical records kept for some records kept for most records consistently
records records kept or no activities only activities kept for all activities
maintained? activities
implemented
Is there No accounts kept or Accounts are shared Accounts are shared Accounts are share
transparency in accounts not shared with office bearers with the community – with the community
accounts? but only with males – with both males
and females

2.3 Community meetings and decision making

Key Questions
1. What is the frequency of community meetings and for what purpose?
2. Who are the key individuals involved in community meetings?

Information source
Focus group discussion and pocket voting

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Question Score 0 Score 1 Score 2 Score 3
How often are Never Sometimes Often according to Routine/timetabled
community according to need need
meetings held?
Who make the Organisations from Village leaders Village leaders and Village leaders,
most decisions outside the community community men community men and
at community (project, NGO, others) women
meetings?

D35
Section 3. Access to Water

3.1 Water collection responsibilities

Key Question
1. Who is responsible for collecting water?

Information Source
Focus group discussions and pocket voting

Number of votes
Question Never Sometimes Often (primary collector)

How often do women collect water?

How often do men collect water?
How often do girls collect water?
How often do boys collect water?

3.2 Water system status

Key Question
1. What is the status of the water system?

Information Source
Focus group discussions and pocket voting

Criteria Score 0 Score 1 Score 2

Functioning Water system Water system is partially Water system is fully
System is not functioning functioning
functioning
Access (physical Time taken Time taken per round trip Time taken per round
distance for more per round trip to collect water is less trip to collect water is
than 80% of the to collect than 30 minutes less than 10 minutes
community water is
greater than
30 minutes
Access Problems due Regulated or limited Coordinated systems
(Conflict) to private supply by others/ Illegal for resource sharing,
ownership/ tapping/ Activity leading well managed O&M
Claim on to pollution or
water source contamination

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Criteria Score 0 Score 1 Score 2
Water Consistently Partially poor water Consistently good
Quality poor water quality seasonally water quality
quality
Water No protection Partial protection of Source is well
Source of source source protected
Reliability There are Source never goes dry but The source always
times when sometimes there is not has enough water to
no water is enough water to meet at meet at least basic
available at least basic needs (45 litres needs (45 litres per
the source per person per day) person per day)
(Basic needs include
drinking, cooking,
washing and flushing)
Cost No income or Income covers all O&M Income covers all
income partly costs O&M costs and
covers O&M provides for
costs expansion
Drainage Drainage Drainage system absent at Drainage system
system part of the water points present at all water
absent at all points
water points
Manage‐ CBO CBO responsible for water Functioning CBO with
ment responsible management exists but established
for water responsibilities and formal responsibilities and
management rules for management are formal rules for
is not not clearly defined management
established or
not
functioning
Women’s No women in Women participate in Women and men
empower water water management both participate in
‐ment management meetings but do not share management
functions at in decision making meetings and take
all or in name decisions jointly
only
Communi No washing Washing facility available Washing facility
‐ty facility but not functioning or not functioning and used
washing available used regularly
facilities
(for
clothes)

D37
Section 4. Access to Sanitation
4.1 Latrine use
Key Questions
1. Where do people defecate? Men? Women? Children?
2. If there is a sanitation facility, is it shared or private?

Information source
Data will be collected by first contacting the CHC/PSF to verify if it is available from KUBASA household consultations. If
the data is not available then information will collected using the community engagement social mapping exercise.

Focus group discussions and pocket voting will be used to record ratings on latrine use
No. of households in cell

No. of latrines
Latrine Type
Wet Dry

Private

Shared

Total

Focus group discussions and pocket voting

Question If Score 0, Score 0 Score 1 Score 2 Score 3
Where?
Do men use the No men use Few men use Many men use All men use
latrines?
Do women use the No women Few women use Many women All women use
latrines? use use

Do children use the No children Few children use Many children All children use
latrines? use use
Are infant faeces Do not use Few use Many use All men use
disposed in the
latrines?

D38
Section 5. Health and Hygiene
5.1 Diarrhea and Fever
Key Questions
1. What percentage of households have had the youngest child under 5 years was sick with diarrhea in the last 2
weeks?
2. What percentage of households have had the youngest child under 5 years was sick with fever in the last 2 weeks?

Information source
Social mapping
Complete the following tables using the results of the social mapping

A. How many households in the cell have children under 5

B. In the last 2 weeks, how many of the above households have had a child sick
with stomach/ intestinal problems (diarrhea)*
C. What % of households with children had a child sick with stomach/ intestinal
problems more than 3 times a day (A/B x 100)
* watery diarrhea more than three times a day

A. How many households in the cell have children under 5

B. In the last 2 weeks, how many of the above households have had a child sick
with fever
C. What % of households with children had a child sick with fever (A/B x 100)

Rating completed by Facilitator using data in above tables

Criteria Score 0 Score 1 Score 2 Score 3
Households with children Most Many Some households Few households
under 5 sick with stomach/ households households (>10% and < 20%) (<10%)
intestinal problems (>80%) (>20% and
(diarrhea) in the last 2 <80%)
weeks
Households with children Most Many Some households Few households
under 5 sick with fever in households households (>10% and < 20%) (<10%)
the last 2 weeks (>80%) (>20% and
<80%)

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5.2 Prioritization of services
Key Question
1. What health services are prioritized by the community in the treatment of stomach/ intestinal problems (diarrhea)
(3 x 12 hours)?

Information source
Focus groups discussion
Score Criteria

0 No treatment is accessed

1 Traditional treatments are most prioritized

2 Traditional treatment and district health services (CHC, HP, SISCa) are equally prioritized

3 District Health Services (CHC, HP, SISCa) are most prioritized

5.3 Hygiene practices

Key Question
1. What hygiene practices are used in the community?

Information source
Transect walk

No. of households transect walk

WASH Facility No. of households % of households in

transect
Households with active hand washing station (including water
and soap near the sintina)
Households with proper drinking water storage (stored in a
container with a small mouth, with a cap, and kept away from
animals)
Households with standing water and mosquito breeding sites
Households with animal fenced in (animals = cows, pigs, goats,
dogs, chickens)
Households with poor garbage management

Rating completed by Facilitator using data in above tables

D40
Criteria Score 0 Score 1 Score 2 Score 3

Households with no active Most Many Some households Few households

hand washing station households households (>10% and < 20%) (<10%)
(>80%) (>20% and
<80%)
Households with no proper Most Many Some households Few households
drinking water storage households households (>10% and < 20%) (<10%)
(>80%) (>20% and
<80%)
Households with standing Most Many Some households Few households
water and mosquito households households (>10% and < 20%) (<10%)
breeding sites (>80%) (>20% and
<80%)
Households with no animal Most Many Some households Few households
fencing households households (>10% and < 20%) (<10%)
(>80%) (>20% and
<80%)
Households with poor Most Many Some households Few households
garbage management households households (>10% and < 20%) (<10%)
(>80%) (>20% and
<80%)

D41
a trainer’s manual for community wash planning

© January 2011

with support from: