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curricula of the Education programs based on the requirements of the LET, and the
curricula of the basic education (i.e. NESC and NSEC), hiring highly qualified
administrators, and faculty and non-teaching personnel, employing modern technology
in the training of the prospective teachers and providing them with sufficient pre-service
training. These and other necessary steps are implemented so as to equip future
teachers with skills and competencies that they badly need not only in hurdling the
Licensure Examination but also in dealing with the harsh realities that the world of
teaching would offer them in the future.
These and other innovations would surely contribute to the achievement of the
constitutional mandate of providing quality education to all citizens at all levels and
making such education accessible to all. This I believe is the true spirit of democratic
education.
PART I
GENERAL EDUCATION COMPONENT
Part I of the Licensure Examination for Teachers is devoted to General Education
subjects with a weight of 20% consisting of English, Filipino, Mathematics, Natural
Science and Social Science.
ENGLISH
The English component of the General Education portion of the Licensure Examination
for Teachers includes Study and Thinking Skills, Writing in the Discipline, Speech and
Oral Communication, Philippine Literature and Word Literatures.
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PARTS OF SPEECH
Parts of speech is used to describe the mechanism of the language, in other words, the
grammar which is defined as the art of speaking and writing the language correctly
according to the rules in general. The parts of speech are noun, pronoun, verb,
adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction and interjection.
NOUN
Nouns are names of persons, places, events, things, or ideas. Example: lawyer,
province, table, New Year, freedom
Kinds of Nouns
1. Proper nouns – are specific and written in capital letter.
Example: Danica, Atty. Dined, Christmas, Taft Ave.
2. Common nouns – are general.
Example: house, girl, street, teacher, country
3. Collective nouns – name groups
Example: team, crowd, organization
4. Mass nouns – cannot be counted.
Example: hair, sugar, water, sand, stars
5. Concrete nouns exist in the physical world
Example: flower, moon, chair, bag, bottle
6. Abstract nouns – refer to ideas and feelings.
Example: love, independence, honesty, faith
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Number of Nouns
Singular – refers to one noun.
Plural – refers to two or more nouns.
Rules in forming the plural of nouns:
1. Most nouns add s to the singular form.
Ex.: boy + s = boys, room + s = rooms
2. Nouns ending in a hissing sound (s, chi, she, x or z) add is.
Ex.: box – boxes, church – churches, match – matches, dish – dishes
3. Most nouns ending in f or fee change f to vet before adding s.
Ex.: calf – calves, knife – knives, leaf – leaves
4. Most nouns ending y preceded by a consonant sound usually change y to i and
add es.
Ex.: city – cities, lady – ladies, reply – replies
5. Nouns ending in y after a vowel, add s.
Ex.: key – keys, alley – alleys, monkey – monkeys
6. Some nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant add es.
Ex. : cargo – cargoes, tomato – tomatoes, hero – heroes
7. A few very common nouns add en or change the vowel or remain unchanged.
Ex.: ox – oxen, child – children, sheep – sheep
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8. Most compound nouns, add s or es to the principal words of the compound.
Ex.: bookcase – bookcases, handful – handfuls, runner-up – runners-up
9. Some nouns function collectively.
Ex.: information, battalion, artillery, furniture, equipment, jewelry
Cases of Nouns
1. Nominative – used as the subject, noun of address, predicate noun or appositive.
Examples:
a. Danica looks pretty in her red dress.
b. Celine, come and get your toys.
c. The winner in the oratorical contest in Czarina.
d. Dr. Dioneda, our new professor discusses the lesson well.
2. Objective – used as direct object, indirect object, or object of the preposition.
Examples:
a. The students are playing basketball.
b. Charles sent Lourdes a love letter
c. The concert was held in the part.
3. Possessive – used to show ownership or possession. Examples:
a. Mother’s bag is colorful
b. The house’ gate is newly painted
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PRONOUNS
A pronoun is a substitute for nouns. Examples: he, she, they, ours, those.
Antecedent of the pronoun – the noun to which a pronoun refers. A pronoun must agree
with its antecedent in gender, person, and number.
Kinds of Pronouns
1. Demonstrative pronoun. Examples:
This (singular) – used to point near object.
These (plural) – used to point near objects.
That (singular) – used to point far object.
Those (plural) – used to point far objects.
2. Indefinite pronoun. Examples:
singular – any, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, anyone, anything,
each, everyone, one, someone, somebody, every, either, neither,
everything
plural – all some, few, both, several, many
3. Interrogative pronoun – who, which, what, whom, whose, whoever, whomever
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Below is the table of personal pronouns, their cases and persons:
Nominative Case Objective Case Possessive Case
SINGULAR
1st person I me my, mine
2nd person You You Your, yours
3rd person He, she, it Him, her, it His, her, hers
PLURAL
1st person We Us Our, ours
2nd person You You Your, yours
3rd person They Them Their, theirs
First (1st) person refers to the speaker.
Second (2nd) person refers to the person spoken to.
Third (3rd) person refers to the person(s) spoken about.
VERB
A verb expresses action or state of being.
Ex. yell, interpret, feel, are
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Forms of Verb
N s, No d/ed, No ing.
1. The base-form educate, learn, write
2. The S-form for third person singular noun or pronoun; educates, learns, writes
3. The ing-form or present participle; educating, learning, writing
4. The past form; educated, learned, wrote
Kinds of Verb
1. Regular verbs form their past tense by the addition of d, or ed to the base form.
They have the same form both for the past tense and past participle.
Past and Past
Base form S-Form Present Participle
Participle
No s/d//ed/ing (used for third ing form Ending in d/ed
person singular
noun or pronoun)
cook cooks cooking cooked
decorate decorates decorating decorated
play plays playing played
2. Irregular verbs form their past tense and past participle in several ways.
Base form Past tense Past participle
come came come
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break broke broken
seek sought sought
cut cut cut
PAST FORM OF SOME IRREGULAR VERBS
Base Form Past Form Past Participles
arise arose arisen
awake awoke awaken
backslide backslid backslidden/backslid
be was, were been
bear bore born / borne
beat beat beaten / beat
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent
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bet bet bet
bid bid/bade bidden
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast broadcast
build built built
burst burst burst
buy bought bought
cast cast cast
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
cling clung clung
come came come
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cost cost cost
creep crept crept
cut cut cut
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
dwell dwelt dwelt
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
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flee fled fled
fling flung flung
fly flew flown
forbid forbade forbidden
forecast forecast forecast
foresee foresaw foreseen
foretell foretold foretold
forget forgot forgotten / forgot
forgive forgave forgiven
forsake forsook forsaken
freeze froze frozen
get got gotten / got
give gave given
go went gone
grind ground ground
grow grew grown
hang hung hung
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have had had
hear heard heard
hew hewed hewn
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
kneel knelt knelt
knit knit knit
know knew known
lay laid laid
lead led led
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
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light lit lit
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood
mow mowed mown
partake partook partaken
pay paid paid
proofread proofread proofread
prove proved proven
put put put
quick-freeze quick-froze quick-frozen
quit quit quit
read read read
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rid rid rid
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
saw sawed sawn
say said said
see saw seen
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
set set set
sew sewed sewn
shake shook shaken
shave shaved shaven
shed shed shed
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
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show showed shown
shrink shrank shrunk
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
slay (kill) slew slain
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid
sling slung slung
slink slinked slunk
slit slit slit
sow sowed sown
speak spoke spoken
speed sped sped
spell spelled spelt
spend spent spent
spill spilled spilt
spin spun spun
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spit spit / spat spit / spat
split split split
spread spread spread
spring sprang / sprung sprung
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stunk / stank stunk
strew strewed strewn
stride strode stridden
strike (delete) struck stricken
strike (hit) struck struck
string strung strung
strive strove striven
sublet sublet sublet
swear swore sworn
sweep swept swept
swell swelled swollen
swim swam swum
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swing swung swung
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
telecast telecast telecast
tell told told
test-drive test-drove test-driven
test-fly test-flew test-flown
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
thrust thrust thrust
tread trod trodden / trod
understand understood understood
undertake undertook undertaken
undo undid undone
wake woke woken
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waylay waylaid waylaid
wear wore worn
weave wove woven
wed wed wed
weep wept wept
win won won
win won won
wind wound wound
withdraw withdrew withdrawn
withhold withheld withheld
withstand withstood withstood
wring wrung wrung
write wrote written
3. Linking verbs are used to link or join the subject with a word in the predicate which
related to the subject.The be form of the ver (am, is, are, was, were) is the most
commonly used linking verb. Others are the verbs of the senses: become, seem, look,
smell, appear, feel, taste, sound, remain.
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Linking verbs in sentences:
1. My favorite color is red.
2. He looks great in black.
3. My friend became famous.
Tense
Tense means time
Present tense. A verb is in the present tense if:
a. The sentence expresses a permanent action.
Ex.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
b. It shows habitual action.
Ex. He goes to church every Sunday.
c. It expresses an on-going action.
Ex. The students are researching in the library now.
Past tense. A verb is in the past tense if it expresses a completed action.
Ex.: They transferred to a new building yesterday.
She gave alms to the beggar.
Nica recited the poem well.
Future tense. A verb is in the future tense if it expresses an action that is yet to be
done.
It is a verb phrase using the auxiliary verbs will/shall + the simple form of the
verb.
Ex.: Will you visit me tonight?
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They will pass their projects next week.
I shall return.
Am / is / are + going to also expresses future tense.
Ex.: I am going to Baguio.
The friends are going to perform on stage.
ADJECTIVES
Adjectives are words that describe, limit or modify nouns and pronouns.
Ex.: warm, quick, tall, blue, interesting
Adjectives answer the questions “Which one?”, “What kind?” and “How many?”
The Uses of Adjectives
1. A noun modifier is usually placed directly before the noun it describes.
Ex.: He is an intelligent man.
2. A predicate adjective follows a linking verb and modifies the subject.
Ex.: He is happy.
The movie seems interesting.
3. An article or noun marker are other names for these adjectives: a, an, the
Ex.: Dorothy was given an apple.
The teacher is awarded for her meritorious performance.
The new born is a baby boy.
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Kinds of Adjective
1. Indefinite Adjective: some, many, much, several, few, a few, a great deal of little, a
little.
a. With countable nouns: Ex. I have (many, several, few) books at home.
b. With uncountable nouns: Ex. I have (much, a great deal, little) information on
history.
c. With both plural countable and uncountable nouns. Ex. He has (some, a lot
of, enought) money.
d. The indefinite adjectives much, many, little and few may be modified by too
and very. Ex. You are making too much noise.
2. Numerals: one two, three, etc., are cardinal numbers.
Ex. He gave me three roses.
While numerals like first, second, third, etc., are called ordinal numbers.
Ex. We will discuss the third chapter.
3. Descriptive adjectives: new, tall, blue, charming.
Ex. The charming woman is my aunt.
4. Proper adjective: Filipino flag, English language, Persian carpet, etc.
Ex. Persian carpets are on sale at the mall.
5. Nouns that modify nouns: oak, paper, etc.
Ex. Here is your history book.
6. Phrases and clauses that modify nouns:
Ex. The girl watching television is my sister.
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7. A clause modifying a noun is usually introduced by a relative pronoun: that,
which, who, whom, whose and where.
Ex. The man who is driving the car is my father.
ADVERB
An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Ex. fast, slowly, well, very
Adverbs answer the questions, “How?”, “Where?”, “When?”, “How often?” and “To what
degree?”
Adverbs should not be used to modify nouns.
Kinds of Adverb
1. Adverb of Manner (how)
Ex. He spoke (poorly, fluently,slowly).
Written Exercise: Change the following adjectives to adverbs by adding ly.
1. slow
2. merry
3. graceful
4. quick
5. quiet
6. careful
7. courageous
8. weak
9. easy
10. neat
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2. Adverb of time (when)
Ex. He is coming (tomorrow, next week, next month, tonight).
Written Exercise: Underline the time expression used in each of the following
sentences.
1. The doctor will check him up very soon.
2. Are you going to Baguio this summer?
3. I could not sleep well lately.
4. The students complained about their grades last week.
5. They will spend their vacation in Baguio in April
6. My sister will see the dentist later on.
7. He hopes to finish college next year.
8. It rained hard last night.
9. Mother is baking a cake right now.
10. Yoly is happy all this morning.
3. Adverb of place (where)
Ex.: Let us meet in the restaurant.
The concert will be in the park.
4. Adverb of frequency (how often)
Ex. He writes to him (daily, regularly, weekly).
5. Adverb of negation/affirmation
Ex. Yes, no, not, never, always, absolutely definitely
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CONJUNCTIONS
Conjunctions connect words or group of words.
Ex. and, but, or, for, yet, therefore, also, however, because, so that, as long as
Ex. I will love you as long as the grass shall grow.
PREPOSITION
Preposition shows the relation between a word and a noun or pronoun that follows. It
indicates:
a. place and position – at, in, across, above, below, between, behind, beyond
b. direction and motion – in, towards, out, about, around, through, by, down, over
c. time – at, before, after, during, since, until
Ex. I have been waiting for your call since last week.
INTERJECTION
Interjection expresses emotion, acts as a signal, or adds a conversational touch. It
usually ends with an exclamation point.
Ex. ouch! , what! , wow! , hurray!
Ex. Hurray! Ginebra won the game.
VERBALS
Verbals are used as modifiers or nouns in the subject, object, predicate complement or
object of a preposition.
Three Kinds of Verbal
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1. Infinitive – to + the simple form of the verb (no s, no d, or ed, no ing)
Ex. To speak is necessary to improve one’s English.
2. Gerund – verb + ing
Ex. Speaking is necessary to improve one’s English.
3. Participle is a word that is formed from a verb and used as an adjective.
Ex. Speaking English always, she acquired the mastery of the language.
CORRECT ENGLISH USAGE
Accede – means to agree with.
Concede – means to yield, but not necessarily in agreement.
Exceed – means to be more than.
We shall accede to your request for more evidence.
To avoid delay, we shall concede that more evidence is necessary.
Access – means availability
Excess – means too much.
The lawyer was given access to the records of the company.
The expenditures this month are far in the excess of income.
Accept – means to take when offered.
Except – means excluding. (preposition)
Except – means to leave out. (verb)
