DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
Grade of concrete (fck) 20 N/mm2
Steel strength (fy) 500 N/mm2
Effective span of stair (Le) 5.16 m
width of slab 1.66 m
Thickness of waist slab 0.16 m
Unit weight of concrete 25 kN/m3
Loads Calculation
Flight load
Width of tread = 0.3 m
Height of rise = 0.15 m
Inclined length of each step (0.32+0.152)1/2 0.34 m
Area of step section 0.5*0.3*0.15 0.02 m2
Area of inclined slab 0.16*0.33541 0.05 m2
Total Area 0.022+0.053 0.08 m2
Dead load of step section 0.076*25 1.90 kN/m
Dead load per sq.m on plan 1.90414/0.3 6.35 kN/m2
Floor Finish = 1.5 kN/m2
Total dead load on plan 6.34+1.5 7.85 kN/m2
Live load = 4 kN/m2
Total Load 7.84+4 11.847136 kN/m2
Factored Load 1.5*11.84 17.7707039 kN/m2
Width of slab = 1.66 m
Factored load per m length of slab 17.7707*1.66 29.5 kN/m
Landing Slab
Self weight of slab 0.16*25 4 kN/m2
Floor finish = 1.5 kN/m2
Live load = 4 kN/m2
Total load 4+1.5+4 9.5 kN/m2
Factored load 9.5*1.5 14.25 kN/m2
width of slab = 1.66 m
Factored load per m length of slab 14.25*1.66 23.66 kN/m
Bending moment and Shear force
Horizontal length of flight 3.46 m
length of landing slab 1.7 m
Reaction at A(Ra)
w1= 23.65 kN/m
a= 1.7 m
w2= 29.5 kN/m
b= 3.46 m
L𝑅𝑎=(𝑤15.16
∗𝑎)/𝐿m {𝑏+𝑎/2}+{𝑤2/𝐿∗𝑏∗ 𝑏/2}
Ra= 67.80 kN
Reacion at B,
Rb= 23.65*1.7 + 29.5*3.46 - 67.8
= 74.47 kN
Maximum B.M at mid span,
Mmax = 74.47*(5.16/2)-29.5*(5.16/2)*(5.16/4)
93.96 kN-m
Check for effecive depth of slab:
Grade of steel ( fy) 500 N/mm2
width of slab (b) 1660 mm
Effective Depth required (d)
119.3 mm
Provided effective depth = 160 - 20= 140mm > 119.313mm OK
d= 140 mm
D= 160 mm
Calculation of Reinforcement
From above𝑑=√(𝑀𝑢/(0.133∗𝑓𝑐𝑘∗𝑏))
equation solving for Ast, =√((93.56∗10^6)/(0.133∗20∗1000))=
Ast = 1953.15 mm2
Minimum, Ast = 0.12% of b*D
= 0.12/100*1660*160
= 318.72 mm2
Provide 16mm dia bars at spacing
Area of one bar (16 φ) 201.06 mm2
Spacing = 170.9 mm
Adopt spacing of = 150.0 mm
𝑀𝑢=0.87 𝑓𝑦 ∗𝐴𝑠𝑡
Ast provided = 2,225.09 mm2
∗𝑑∗{1−(𝐴𝑠𝑡∗𝑓𝑦)/(𝑏∗𝑑∗𝑓𝑐𝑘))}
Pt provided = 0.96 %
Therefore, provide 16 φ bars @ 150mmc/c.
Distribution Reinforcement:
Asd = 0.12 % of bD
= 192 mm2
Provide 8mm dia bars at spacing
Area of one bar = 50.27
Spacing= 261.8 mm
Therefore, provide 8 φ bars @ 200mmc/c.
Check for shear
Design Shear Force (Vu) = 74.47 kN
Nominal Shear Stress (Ʈv) = 0.32 N/mm2
From table 19, IS 456:2000, pt = 0.96%
(Ʈc) = 0.61 N/mm2
For slabs, permissible Shear stress (Ʈc') = k*Ʈc
From cl.40.2.1.1, IS 456:2000
k= 1.28
(Ʈc') = 0.78 N/mm2 > Ʈv OK
Check for development length
Moment of resistance offered by tension bars at support,
= 103.07 kN-m
Shear force at section 𝑉𝑢/(𝑏∗𝑑)= 74.47 kN
Anchorage length (Lo) = 0
Then ,
1.799 m
From IS 456:2000 cl. 26.2.1.1
Bond Strength of concrete (Ԏbd) = 1.2 N/mm2
Development Length required,
= 0.36 mm OK
Provide development length of 700mm
𝑀1=0.87 𝑓𝑦 ∗𝐴𝑠𝑡
∗𝑑∗{1−(𝐴𝑠𝑡∗𝑓𝑦)/(𝑏∗𝑑∗𝑓𝑐𝑘))}
quadratic equation solver
a= 0.015 a=fy/(b*fck)
b= -140.000 b=(-d)
c= 215989.138 c=Mu/(.87*fy)
x+ = 7342.852
x- = 1953.148
DESIGN OF SLAB
Two way slab
Pannel Type : Two adjacent edge discountinous
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3
Short Span (Lx) = 3.73 m
Long Span (Ly) = 4.09 m
Aspect Ratio (Ly/Lx) = 1.10
Assume overall depth of slab (D) = 125 mm
Grade of concrete (fck) = 20 N/mm2
Steel Strength = 500 N/mm2
Load Calculation
Dead Loads
Self weight 0.125*25 3.13 kN/m2
Floor Finish = 1.5 kN/m2
Partition wall load = 2.5 kN/m2
Erection Load = 2 kN/m2
Total dead load = 9.13 kN/m2
Live load = 2 kN/m2
Total working load (w) = 11.13 kN/m2
Total factored load (wu) = 16.69 kN/m2
Consider 1 m width of slab
Design Moments
𝑀𝑢=∝𝑥∗𝑤∗𝑙𝑥2 𝑀𝑦=∝𝑦∗𝑤∗𝑙𝑥2
From Table 26, Is 456:2000
αx αy Mx (Kn-m) My (Kn-m)
Negative moments at continous
edge 0.053 0.047 12.31 10.91
Positive moments at mid span 0.04 0.035 9.29 8.13
Check for effective depth:
For fe500 steel, 𝑑=√(𝑀𝑢/(0.133∗𝑓𝑐𝑘∗𝑏))
Effective Depth required (d) = 68.01 mm
Clear cover 20 mm
Provided effective depth = 105 > 68.01 Err:508
Reinforcement Calculation:
𝑀𝑢=0.87 𝑓𝑦 ∗𝐴𝑠𝑡 ∗𝑑∗{1−(𝐴𝑠𝑡∗𝑓𝑦)/(𝑏∗𝑑∗𝑓𝑐𝑘))
Span Design B.M (kN-m) Ast (mm2) Dia of Bar (mm) Spacing (mm) Provided Spacing (mm)
Negative Positive Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom
Short 12.31 9.29 246.54 177.39 8 8 203.88 283.36 150 150
Long 10.91 8.13 159.30 120.83 8 8 315.54 416.01 150 150
Steel provided on short Span 335.1032 mm2 (In top and bottom)
Steel provided on Long Span 335.1032 mm2 (In top and bottom)
Check for Shear:
Along Short Span:
Design shear force (Vu) = 1.5*(0.6wd*L + 0.6*wl*L) = 37.347 kN
wd = Total dead load
wl = Total live load
Percentage of tension steel provided, pt = 100*Ast/(bd) = 0.319 %
Nominal Shear Stress (Ʈv ) = Vu / (bd) = 0.36 N/mm2
From Table 19 IS456:2000,
Ʈc = 0.41 N/mm2
For slabs (Ʈc') = kƮc
where k = 1.3 (cl 40.2.1.1, IS 456:2000 )
Ʈc' = 1.3*0.41 = 0.533 N/mm2 > Ʈv OK
Along Long Span:
Vu = 37.347 kN
Percentage of tension steel provided, pt = 100*Ast/(bd) = 0.32 %
Nominal Shear Stress (Ʈv ) = Vu / (bd) = 0.36 N/mm2
From Table 19 IS456:2000,
Ʈc = 0.352 N/mm2
For slabs (Ʈc') = kƮc
where k = 1.3 (cl 40.2.1.1, IS 456:2000 )
Ʈc' = 1.3*0.352 = 0.458 N/mm2 > Ʈv OK
Check for development Length:
Along Short Span:
Moment of resistance offered by tension bars at support:
𝑀𝑢=0.87 𝑓𝑦 ∗𝐴𝑠𝑡 ∗𝑑∗{1−(𝐴𝑠𝑡∗𝑓𝑦)/(𝑏∗𝑑∗𝑓𝑐𝑘))
= 14.08 kN-m
Shear force at section (Vu) = 37.347 kN
Anchorage length (Lo) = 0
Then ,
1.3 𝑀1/𝑉+𝐿𝑜=
0.490 m
(IS 456:2000 cl2 26.2 )
Bond Strength of concrete (Ʈbd) = 1.2 N/mm2
Development length required,
𝐿𝑑=(0.87𝑓𝑦∅)/(4∗1.6∗Ʈ𝑏𝑑)
= 0.45 m < 0.586m OK
Along Long Span:
Moment of resistance offered by tension bars at support:
𝑀𝑢=0.87 𝑓𝑦 ∗𝐴𝑠𝑡 ∗𝑑∗{1−(𝐴𝑠𝑡∗𝑓𝑦)/(𝑏∗𝑑∗𝑓𝑐𝑘))
= 14.08 kN-m
Shear force at section (Vu) = 37.347 kN
Anchorage length (Lo) = 0.15 m
Then ,
1.3 𝑀1/𝑉+𝐿𝑜=
0.685 m
(IS 456:2000 cl2 26.2 )
Bond Strength of concrete (Ʈbd) = 1.2 N/mm2
Development length required,
𝐿𝑑=(0.87𝑓𝑦∅)/(4∗1.6∗Ʈ𝑏𝑑)
= 0.45 m < 0.586m OK
Check for defelction
(cl 23.2 IS 456:2000)
Modification factor for tension reinforcement:
Ast required = 120.83
Ast provided = 335.10
𝑓𝑠 ( 𝑆𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒)=0.58𝑓𝑦 (𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑)/(𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑)
fs = 104.56 N/mm2 fs
From fig. 4, IS 456:2000
modification factor for tension reinforcement = 2
modification factor for Compression reinforcement = 1
Allowable L/d = 26*2*1 = 52
Actual L/d = (4.5*1000)/105 = 38.94 < 52 mm OK
quadratic equation solver
a= 0.025 a=fy/(b*fck)
b= -105.000 b=(-d)
c= 42431.347 c=Mu/(.87*fy)
x+ = 3747.042
x- = 452.958
Area of 1-8mm dia bar 50.2655 mm2
