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NTC 2008 Example 002
WIDE FLANGE MEMBER UNDER COMBINED COMPRESSION & BENDING
EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
In this example a continuous beam-column is subjected to factored axial load P =
1400 kN, major-axis bending moment My = 200 kN-m, and a minor axis bending
moment of Mz = 100 kN-m. This example was tested using the Italian NTC-2008
steel frame design code. The design capacities are compared with independent
hand calculated results.
GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING
Y-Axis Z-Axis
Y-Y
My,top
Mz,top
Z-Z
L P
A A
Mz,bot
My,bot Section A-A
L = 0.4 m
Material Properties Loading Design Properties
E = 210x103 MPa P = 1400 kN fy = 235 MPa
v = 0.3 Mz,top = 100 kN-m Section: 457x191x98 UB
G = 80769 MPa Mz,bot = -100 kN-m
My,top = 200 kN-m
My,bot = 0
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 1
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TECHNICAL FEATURES TESTED
Section compactness check (beam-column)
Section compression capacity
Section shear capacity for major & minor axes
Section bending capacity for major & minor axes
Member compression capacity for major & minor axes
Member bending capacity
Interaction capacity, D/C, for major & minor axes
RESULTS COMPARISON
Independent results are taken from hand calculations based on the CSI steel
design documentation contained in the file “SFD-NTC-2008.pdf,” which is
available through the program “Help” menu.
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 2
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Percent
Output Parameter SAP2000 Independent Difference
Compactness Class 2 Class 2 0.00%
Section Compression Resistance,
2,797.6 2,797.6 0.00%
Nc,Rd (kN)
Buckling Resistance in Compression,
2,797.6 2,797.6 0.00%
Nbyy,Rd (kN)
Buckling Resistance in Compression,
2,797.6 2,797.6 0.00%
Nbzz,Rd (kN)
Section Plastic Bending Resistance,
499.1 499.1 0.00%
Mc,y,Rd (kN-m)
Section Plastic Bending Resistance,
84.8 84.8 0.00%
Mc,z,Rd (kN-m)
Section Bending Resistance Shear Reduced,
481.3 481.3 0.00%
MV,y,Rd (kN-m)
Section Bending Resistance Axially Reduced,
310.8 310.8 0.00%
MN,y,Rd (kN-m)
Section Bending Resistance Axially Reduced,
82.26 82.26 0.00%
MN,z,Rd (kN-m)
Member Bending Resistance,
499.095 499.095 0.00%
Mb,Rd (kN-m)
Section Shear Resistance,
719.2 719.2 0.00%
Vc,y,Rd (kN)
Section Shear Resistance,
984.7 984.7 0.00%
Vc,z,Rd (kN)
Interaction Capacity, D/C 2.044 2.044 0.00%
COMPUTER FILE: NTC 2008 EX002
CONCLUSION
The results show an exact comparison with the independent results.
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 3
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HAND CALCULATION
Properties:
Material: S275 Steel
E = 210,000 MPa
G = 80,769 MPa
fy = 235 MPa
Section: 457x191x98 UB
A = 12,500 mm2
b = 192.8 mm, tf = 19.6 mm, h = 467.2 mm, tw = 11.4 mm, r = 10.2 mm
hw = h − 2t f = 467.2 − 2 • 19.6 = 428 mm
d = h − 2 ( t f + r ) = 467.2 − 2 • (19.6 + 10.2 ) = 407.6 mm
b − tw − 2r 192.8 − 11.4 − 2 • 10.2
=c = = 80.5 mm
2 2
Wpl,y = 2,230,000 mm3
Wpl,z = 379,000 mm3
ryy = 191.3 mm
rzz = 43.3331 mm
Izz = 23,469,998 mm4
=
I w 1.176 • 1012 mm 6
IT = 1,210,000 mm4
Member:
L = Lb = Lunbraced = 400 mm
Kyy = 1.0, Kzz = 1.0
Other:
γM 0 =
1.05
γM1 =
1.05
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 4
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Loadings:
P = 1400 kN axial load
M z −1 = 100 kN-m
M z − 2 = −100 kN-m
M y −1 = 200 kN-m
M y − 2 = 0 kN-m
Results in the following internal forces:
N Ed = 1400 kN
M y , Ed = 200 kN-m
M z , Ed = 100 kN-m
Vy , Ed = 500 kN-m
Vz , Ed = 0 kN-m
Section Compactness:
235 235
=ε = = 1
fy 235
1 N Ed
−1 ≤=
α 1 − ≤ 1
2 2htw f y
1 1, 400, 000
=
α 1 − = 2.7818 > 1, so
2 2 • 467.2 • 11.4 • 235
α =1.0
Localized Buckling for Flange:
For the tip in compression under combined bending & compression
9ε 9 • 1
λ cl .1 = = = 9
α 1
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 5
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c 80.5
λe = = = 4.11
t f 19.6
=
λ e 4.11 < λ=
cl .1 9
So Flange is Class 1 in combined bending and compression
Localized Buckling for Web:
α > 0.5, so
396ε 396 • 1
λ= = = 33.00 for combined bending & compression
13α − 1 13 • 1 − 1
cl .1
d 407.6
λe = = = 35.75
tw 11.4
=
λ e 35.75 > =
λ cl .1 33.00
456ε 456 • 1
λ= = = 38.00
13α − 1 13 • 1 − 1
cl .2
=
λ e 35.75 < λ
= cl .2 38.00
So Web is Class 2 in combined bending & compression.
Since Web is Class 2, Section is Class 2 in combined bending & compression.
Section Compression Capacity
Af y 12,500 • 235
N= N pl= =
γM 0
c , Rd , Rd
1.05
N c , Rd = 2797.6 kN
Section Shear Capacity
For major y-y axis
AV , y = A − 2bt f + t f ( tw + 2r ) = 12,500 − 2 • 192.8 • 19.6 + 19.6 (11.4 + 2 • 10.2 )
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 6
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AV , y = 5,565.5 mm 2
fy 235
=
Vc , y , Rd = Avy • 5,565.5
γM 0 3 1.05 3
Vc , y , Rd = 719.2 kN
For minor z-z axis
AV , z =A − hwtw =12,500 − 428 • 11.4 =7, 620.8 mm 2
fy 235
=
Vc , z , Rd = Avy • 7, 620.8
γM 0 3 1.05 3
Vc , z , Rd = 984.7 kN
η =1.0
h 467.1 72 235 72 235
= = 37.5 < = =
72
tw 11.4 η fy 1.0 235
So no shear buckling needs to be checked.
Section Bending Capacity
For major y-y axis
W pl , y f y 2, 230, 000 • 235
=
M M= =
γM 0
c , y , Rd pl , y , Rd
1.05
M c , y , Rd = 499.1kN-m
For minor z-z axis
W pl , z f y 379, 000 • 235
=
M M= =
γM 0
c , z , Rd pl , z , Rd
1.05
M c , z , Rd = 84.8 kN-m
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 7
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With Shear Reduction
For major y-y axis
Vy ,=
Ed 500 kN > 0.5 • Vc , y ,=
Rd 359.6 kN Shear Reduction is needed
Av =htw =467.2 • 11.4 =4,879.2 mm 2
2
2VEd 2 • 500 2
ρ
= − 1= − 1= 0.1525
V 719.2
c , Rd
ρAv 2 0.1525 • 4879.22
W −
pl , y 4t yk f 2, 230, 000 − • 235
w 4 • 11.4
=M y ,V , Rd = ≤ M y ,c , Rd
γM 0 1.05
M V ,r , Rd = 481.3kN-m
For minor z-z axis
Vz , Ed = 0 kN < 0.5 • Vc , z , Rd No shear Reduction is needed
With Compression Reduction
N Ed 1400
=n = = 0.50
N pl , Rd 2797.6
A − 2bt f 12,500 − 2 • 192.8 • 19.6
=a = = 0.40 ≤ 0.5
A 12,500
For major y-y axis
1− n 1 − 0.5
M N= M pl , y , Rd = 499.1 •
1 − 0.5a 1 − 0.5 • 0.4
, y , Rd
M N , y , Rd = 310.8 kN-m
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 8
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For minor z-z axis
n<a
n − a 2 0.5 − 0.4 2
M N , z , Rd= M pl , z , Rd 1 − = 84.8 • 1 −
1 − a 1 − 0.4
M N , z , Rd = 82.26 kN-m
Member Compression Capacity:
Non-Dimensional Slenderness Ratio:
Steel is S235
h 467.2
= = 2.4 > 1.2
b f 192.8
and
=t f 19.6 mm < 40 mm
So we should use the Buckling Curve ‘a’ for the z-z axis and Buckling Curve ‘b’
for the y-y axis (NTC 2008, Table 4.2.VI).
Z-Z Axis Parameters:
For buckling curve a, α =0.21 (NTC 2008, Table 4.2 VI)
K y = 1.00
Lcr , y 400
Lcr , y =
K y Ly =
1 • 400 =
400 mm, = =
2.091
ry 191.3
π2 E π2 • 210, 000
=N cr , y = = 5,925, 691kN
K y Ly 12,500 • ( 2.091)
2 2
A
ry
Af y 12,500 • 235
=
λy = = 0.022
N cr , y 5,925, 691
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 9
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( )
φ y 0.5 1 + α y λ y − 0.2 + λ= 0.5 1 + 0.21( 0.022 − 0.2 ) + 0.0222
2
=
y
φ y =0.482
1 1
=
Stress Reduction Factor: χ y = = 1.0388
φy + φy − λ y
2 2
0.482 + 0.482 2
− 0.0222
=
χ y 1.0388 > 1.0, so=
χ y 1.0
χ y Af y 1.0 • 12,500 • 235
N= =
γM1
byy , Rd
1.05
Z-Z Axis Parameters:
For buckling curve b, α =0.34 (NTC 2008, Table 4.2 VI)
K z = 1.00
Lcr , z 400
Lcr , z =
K z Lz =
1 • 400 =
400 mm, = =
9.231
rz 43.33
π2 E π2 • 210, 000
=N cr , z = = 304, 052 kN
K z Lz 12,500 • ( 9.231)
2 2
A
rz
Af y 12,500 • 235
=
λz = = 0.098
N cr , z 304, 052
( )
φ z 0.5 1 + α z λ z − 0.2 + λ= 0.5 1 + 0.34 ( 0.098 − 0.2 ) + 0.0982
2
=
z
φ z =0.488
1 1
=
Stress Reduction Factor: χ z = = 1.0362
φz + φz − λ z
2 2
0.488 + 0.488 2
− 0.0982
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 10
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=
χ z 1.0362 > 1.0, so=
χ z 1.0
χ z Af y 1.0 • 12,500 • 235
N= =
γM1
bzz , Rd
1.05
N bzz , Rd = 2, 797.6 kN
Member Bending Capacity:
h 467.2
= = 2.4 > 2
b f 192.8
So we should use the Buckling Curve ‘c’ for lateral-torsional buckling (NTC
2008, Table 4.2.VII).
α LT =
0.49
λ LT ,0 =(default
0.4 for rolled section)
β =0.75 (default for rolled section)
=
M B M=
y −2 0, = =
MA M y −1 200 kN-m
2
M
2
M 0 0
=
ψ 1.75 − 1.05 B + 0.3 B = 1.75 − 1.05 + 0.3 = 1.75
MA MA 200 200
Corrective Factor is determined from NTC 2008, Table 4.2 VIII
1 1
=kc = = 1.329
1.33 − 0.33ψ 1.33 − 0.33 • 1.75
π2 EI z I w ( Lcr , z ) GIT
2
M cr =
ψ +
( cr , z ) z
π2 EI z
2
L I
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 11
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π2 • 210, 000 • 23, 469,998 1.176 • 1012 4002 • 80, 769 • 1, 210, 000
M cr =
1.75 • + 2
4002 23, 469,998 π • 210, 000 • 23, 469,998
M cr = 119, 477, 445,900 N-mm
W pl , y f y 2, 230, 000 • 235
=
λ LT = = 0.066
M cr 119, 477, 445,900
( )
φ LT 0.5 1 + α LT λ LT − λ LT ,0 + βλ= 0.5 1 + 0.49 • ( 0.066 − 0.4 ) + 0.75 • 0.0662
2
=
LT
φ LT =
0.420
( )
1 − 0.5 (1 − kc ) 1 − 2 λ LT − 0.8 = 1 − 0.5 (1 − 1.329 ) 1 − 2 ( 0.066 − 0.8 ) =
2 2
f = 0.987
1 1 1 1
=χ LT ≤ 1.0 or 2
f φ LT + φ LT 2 + βλ LT 2 λ LT f
1 1 1 1
χ LT ≤ 1.0 or
0.987 0.420 + 0.4202 + 0.75 • 0.0662 0.066 0.987
2
χ=
LT 1.2118 ≤ (1.0 or 230.9 )
so
χ LT =
1.0
fy 235
M b , Rd =
χ LT W pl , y =
1.0 • 2, 230, 000 •
γM1 1.05
M b , Rd = 499.095 kN-m
Interaction Capacity: Compression & Bending
Section Bending & Compression Capacity
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 12
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Formula NTC 4.2.39
2 5n
D M y , Ed M z , Ed
2 5•0.5
200 100
= + =
310.8 + 82.3 =
0.414 + 1.630
C M N , y , Rd M N , z , Rd
D
= 2.044 (Governs)
C
Member Bending & Compression Capacity: Method B
k factors used are taken from the software, and determined from Method 2 in
Annex B of Eurocode 3.
k yy = 0.547
k yz = 0.479
k zy = 0.698
k zz = 0.798
Formula NTC 4.2.37
D N Ed M y , Ed M z , Ed
= + k yy + k yz
C χ y Af yk W f W pl , z f yk
χ LT pl , y yk
γM1 γM1 γM1
D 1, 400 200 100
= + 0.547 × + 0.479 ×
C 1×12,500 × 235 2, 230, 000 × 235 379, 000 × 235
1×
1.05 1.05 1.05
D
=0.5 + 0.22 + 0.56
C
D
= 1.284
C
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 13
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Formula NTC 4.2.38
D N Ed M y , Ed M z , Ed
= + k zy + k zz
C χ z Af yk W f W pl , z f yk
χ LT pl , y yk
γM1 γM1 γM1
D 1, 400 200 100
= + 0.698 × + 0.798 ×
C 1×12,500 × 235 1×
2, 230, 000 × 235 379, 000 × 235
1.05 1.05 1.05
D
=0.5 + 0.28 + 0.941
C
D
= 1.721
C
NTC 2008 Example 002 - 14
