Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 0
KBC 2009 Example 001
WIDE FLANGE MEMBER UNDER BENDING
EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION
The design flexural strengths are checked for the beam shown below. The beam
is loaded with a uniform load of 6.5 kN/m (D) and 11 kN/m (L). The flexural
moment capacity is checked for three unsupported lengths in the weak direction,
L b = 1.75 m, 4 m and 12 m.
GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING
Member Properties Loading Geometry
W460x74 w = 6.5 kN/m (D) Span, L = 12m
E = 205,000 MPa w = 11.0 kN/m (L)
Fy = 345 MPa
TECHNICAL FEATURES TESTED
Section Compactness Check (Bending)
Member Bending Capacities
Unsupported length factors
KBC 2009 Example 001 - 1
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 0
RESULTS COMPARISON
Independent results are comparing with the results of SAP2000.
Percent
Output Parameter SAP2000 Independent Difference
Compactness Compact Compact 0.00%
C b ( Lb =1.75m) 1.003 1.002 0.10%
φb M n ( Lb =1.75m) (kN-m) 515.43 515.43 0.00%
C b ( Lb =4m) 1.015 1.014 0.10%
φb M n ( Lb =4m) (kN-m) 394.6 394.2 0.10%
C b ( Lb =12m) 1.136 1.136 0.00%
φb M n ( Lb =12m) (kN-m) 113.19 113.45 0.22%
COMPUTER FILE: KBC 2009 EX001
CONCLUSION
The results show an acceptable comparison with the independent results.
KBC 2009 Example 001 - 2
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 0
HAND CALCULATION
Properties:
Material:
E = 205,000 MPa, F y = 345 MPa
Section: W460x74
b f = 191 mm, t f = 14.5 mm, d = 457 mm, t w = 9 mm
h = d − 2t f = 457 − 2 • 14.5 = 428 mm
h0 = d − t f = 457 − 14.5 = 442.5 mm
S 33 = 1457.3 cm3, Z 33 = 1660 cm3
I y =1670 cm4, r y = 42 mm, C w = 824296.4 cm6, J = 51.6 cm4
I y Cw 1670 • 824296.4
=rts = = 50.45 mm
S33 1457.3
Rm = 1.0 for doubly-symmetric sections
Other:
c = 1.0
L = 12 m
Loadings:
w u = (1.2w d + 1.6w l ) = 1.2(6.5) + 1.6(11) = 25.4 kN/m
Mu =
wu L2
8
∙
= 25.4 122/8 = 457.2 kN-m
Section Compactness:
Localized Buckling for Flange:
bf 191
λ
= = = 6.586
2t f 2 • 14.5
KBC 2009 Example 001 - 3
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 0
E 205, 000
=λ p 0.38
= 0.38 = 9.263
Fy 345
λ < λ p , No localized flange buckling
Flange is Compact.
Localized Buckling for Web:
h 428
λ
= = = 47.56
tw 9
E 205, 000
=λ p 3.76
= 3.76 = 91.654
Fy 345
λ < λ p , No localized web buckling
Web is Compact.
Section is Compact.
Section Bending Capacity:
M p =Fy Z 33 =345 • 1660 =572.7 kN-m
Lateral-Torsional Buckling Parameters:
Critical Lengths:
E 205, 000
Lp =
1.76 ry =
1.76 • 42 =
1801.9 mm =
1.8 m
Fy 345
2
E Jc 0.7 Fy S33 ho
=Lr 1.95rts 1 + 1 + 6.76
0.7 Fy S33 ho E Jc
2
205, 000 51.6 • 1 0.7 • 345 1457.3 • 44.8
Lr = 1.95 • 50.45 1 + 1 + 6.76
0.7 • 345 1457.3 • 44.25 205, 000 51.6 • 1
KBC 2009 Example 001 - 4
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 0
Lr = 5.25 m
Non-Uniform Moment Magnification Factor:
For the lateral-torsional buckling limit state, the non-uniform moment magnification factor is
calculated using the following equation:
12.5M max
Cb = R m ≤ 3. 0 Eqn. 1
2.5M max + 3M A + 4 M B + 3M C
Where M A = first quarter-span moment, M B = mid-span moment, M C = second quarter-span
moment.
The required moments for Eqn. 1 can be calculated as a percentage of the maximum mid-span
moment. Since the loading is uniform and the resulting moment is symmetric:
2
1 L
M A = MC = 1− b
4 L
Member Bending Capacity for L b = 1.75 m:
M=
max =
M B 1.00
2 2
1 L 1 1.75
MA =
MC =
1− b =
1− =
0.995
4 L 4 12
12.5 (1.00 )
Cb =
2.5 (1.00 ) + 3 ( 0.995 ) + 4 (1.00 ) + 3 ( 0.995 )
Cb = 1.002
Lb < L p , Lateral-Torsional buckling capacity is as follows:
=
M n =
M p 572.7 kN-m
φb M=
n 0.9 • 572.7
φb M n = 515.43 kN-m
KBC 2009 Example 001 - 5
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 0
Member Bending Capacity for L b = 4 m:
M=
max =
M B 1.00
2 2
1 L 1 4
MA =
MC =
1− b =
1− = 0.972
4 L 4 12
12.5 (1.00 )
Cb =
2.5 (1.00 ) + 3 ( 0.972 ) + 4 (1.00 ) + 3 ( 0.972 )
Cb = 1.014
L p < Lb < Lr , Lateral-Torsional buckling capacity is as follows:
Lb − L p
M n = C b M p − (M p − 0.7 Fy S 33 ) ≤Mp
L − L
r p
4.00 − 1.80
=M n 1.014 572.7 − ( 572.7 − 0.7 • 0.345 • 1457.3) = 437.97 kN-m
5.25 − 1.80
φb M=
n 0.9 • 437.97
φb M n = 394.2 kN-m
Member Bending Capacity for L b = 12 m:
M=
max =
M B 1.00
2 2
1 L 1 12
MA =
MC =
1− b =
1− = 0.750 .
4 L 4 12
12.5 (1.00 )
Cb = (1.00 )
2.5 (1.00 ) + 3 ( 0.750 ) + 4 (1.00 ) + 3 ( 0.750 )
Cb = 1.136
Lb > Lr , Lateral-Torsional buckling capacity is as follows:
KBC 2009 Example 001 - 6
Software Verification
PROGRAM NAME: SAP2000
REVISION NO.: 0
2
Cbπ 2 E Jc Lb
=Fcr 2
1 + 0.078
Lb S33 ho rts
rts
1.136 • π 2 • 205, 000 51.6 • 1
2
12000
Fcr = 1 + 0.078 =
86.5 MPa
12000
2
1457.3 • 44.25 50.45
50.45
M n = Fcr S 33 ≤ M p
Mn =
86.5 • 1457.3 =
126.056kN-m
φb M=
n 0.9 • 126.056
φb M n = 113.45 kN-m
KBC 2009 Example 001 - 7
