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Scientific Method Steps & Overview

The document outlines the scientific method and its key steps: 1) Selecting a topic and conducting background research. This includes finding a subject of interest and reviewing related literature. 2) Formulating a hypothesis, which is a tentative answer to the problem that can be tested. 3) Gathering and recording data through experiments, questionnaires, interviews or literature reviews to test the hypothesis. 4) Analyzing the recorded data using tables, graphs or other methods. 5) Drawing conclusions based on the analysis, which may lead to developing a theory or law, and communicating the results.

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183 views2 pages

Scientific Method Steps & Overview

The document outlines the scientific method and its key steps: 1) Selecting a topic and conducting background research. This includes finding a subject of interest and reviewing related literature. 2) Formulating a hypothesis, which is a tentative answer to the problem that can be tested. 3) Gathering and recording data through experiments, questionnaires, interviews or literature reviews to test the hypothesis. 4) Analyzing the recorded data using tables, graphs or other methods. 5) Drawing conclusions based on the analysis, which may lead to developing a theory or law, and communicating the results.

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jae e
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UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS

GOV. PACK ROAD, BAGUIO CITY


SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Scientific Method
--- set of steps or procedure followed in gatherings facts or in conducting
scientific investigation
--- logical approach to the solution of problems that lead themselves to
investigation
--- making of careful observation and experiments and later using the data
obtained to formulate general principles

Sir Francis Bacon


--- the father of scientific method
--- the philosopher of science
--- the father of experimental philosophy

STEPS
*** Find a topic or Select a topic
--- think about subject that really interest you or about which you are curious
--- Start with a “word or phrase”
Examples: Pollution
Performance

What are possible sources of ideas?


People
Places
Things
Where do you get a topic?
Newspapers
Magazines
Interests and hobbies
Talk to friends
Public television
Gossips

***Do Background Research or Review of related literature


--- using library and Internet research to help you find the best way to do things
--- widened your perspective
--- Resources
--- interview
--- observation

1. Statement of the problem


--- it involves the identification of the problem through observation and then narrowing this to a
manageable scope

2. Formulation of hypothesis
--- the statement of intellectual guess or tentative answers which need to be tested

3. Gathering of data and facts


--- this is carried out to test the acceptability or validity of the stated hypothesis

** data --- recorded observations and measurements


** facts --- proven data

Ways to gather data


Experimentation
Questionnaire
Interview
Research or review of related literature

1
4. Recording and analyzing the data

** data table --- is a chart that organizes information in rows and columns
** graph --- a diagram that usually by means of dots and lines shows relationships between things

5. Drawing of conclusion or Generalization


--- may lead to the formulation of a theory or a law
--- apply the conclusion or generalization to other related situations or similar conditions to test its
correctness or validity

** theory --- logical explanation of events that occur in nature supported by results obtained from
repeated experiments

** law --- statement that summarizes the results of observations and experiments

6. Communicate Your Results


--- publishing the final report in a scientific journal or during a talk at a scientific meeting

REFERENCES:

https://www.britannica.com/science/scientific-method
https://www.thoughtco.com/scientific-method-p2-373335
https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/science-fair/steps-of-the-scientific-method
https://biologydictionary.net/scientific-method/

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