Mobile Computing
Dr. Mohammed Fadhil
Solution for mobile
limited power, computing
and storage is cloud.
EVOLUTION OF CLOUD COMPUTING
The evolutionary cycle or the birth of this new genre of computing, cloud computing
EVOLUTION OF CLOUD COMPUTING
The shift in computing paradigm over six distinct phases ranges from simple dummy terminals to powerful
and efficient grids and clouds [4].
The birth of the concept of cloud computing dates back to 1950 when people used terminals to connect
to powerful mainframes simultaneously shared by many users.
In the next phase, almost everyone started possessing a personal computer (PC) for daily usage, and
there was no need to share the mainframe with anyone else.
It was during the third phase that the computer networks used in the world of computing. We could work
on a PC and connect to other computers via local networks to share resources.
عصر
The fourth phase was the era of the Internet where local networks could connect to other local networks
to establish a global network. Users started accessing remote applications and resources via the Internet.
EVOLUTION OF CLOUD COMPUTING
Grid computing is the collection of computer resources from multiple locations to reach a
common target. The grid can be supposed to be a distributed system with non-interactive
workloads that involve a large number of files. Grids are a form of distributed
computing. PCs were used to access a grid of computers in a transparent manner.
With the gradual advancement in the world of computing, the sixth phase witnessed the
exploitation of available resources on the Internet in a simple and scalable way. This
came to be known to us as “cloud computing.”
EVOLUTION OF CLOUD COMPUTING
Cloud computing, in general, means a large number of
computers connected through a real-time communication
network, typically the Internet. A cloud provides a standard
interface but hides all the available resources, hardware
and software, and services, which ideally are similar to the
transparency property of distributed systems.
Our PCs are simply used as lightweight terminals having access to the powerful Internet cloud allowing us
to utilize the cloud. But unlike the mainframe computer, which is a physical machine providing finite
computing power, cloud computing provides us with the entire power of the Internet.
CLOUD COMPUTING DEFINITIONS نموذج
Cloud is a distributed computing paradigm. It is a collection of
interconnected and virtualized computers, which are presented
dynamically as unified computing resources offered on a pay-per-use
basis.
Cloud computing is defined as applications that are delivered as
Internet services: the hardware and system software in the data centers
are used to provide these services.
Cloud computing is an advanced technology that focuses on the way of
designing computing systems, developing applications, and leveraging
existing services for building software. It is based on dynamic supplying.
In cloud computing, resources are offered in an on-demand and pay-
per-use basis from the cloud computing vendors.
CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICE MODELS
Software as a service (SaaS) is a service-oriented model used for long-term purposes. SaaS is
implemented to provide application and process-oriented services to users, which are implemented
into the cloud and hosted in an infrastructural view of the cloud. SaaS provides domain-specific
service to registered users for using applications into cloud as a service over the Internet. But users
can take these services on a pay-per-usage basis.
Platform as a service (PaaS) is a service model that provides all kinds of required software
development life cycle model such as design tools, development tools, debugging tools, testing tools,
and deployment tools. So, the main consumers of a PaaS are testers, designers, debuggers as well as
software developers. Most PaaS cloud service providers fix developers into particular development
platforms, and debugging and testing tools are not allowed direct link with lower computing
infrastructures that are provided, although programming application program interfaces (APIs) might
be provided with restricted functionalities of road and rail network control and organization.
CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICE MODELS
Infrastructure as a Service Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) gives users infrastructure support (i.e.,
compute, storage, OS, networking) as a service. The IaaS model allows clients to start a new project quickly
by renting computing assets. The key characteristics of an IaaS cloud are scalability and flexibility, enabling
computing resources to level up and down. Most IaaS cloud service providers offer scalability under
customers’ control with straight self-service interfaces, through which consumers can request to control and
manage computing as well as scale the resources.
subcategories:
1. Computing as a service (CaaS): It offers clients raw power for computing on virtual cloud servers or
virtual machine instances. CaaS gives users self-service interface for on-demand dynamic provisioning
and management (i.e., start, stop, destroy, and reboot) of virtual machine instances. A CaaS contributor
may also supply interfaces that are self-management oriented for autoscaling and automatable
management services.
2. Storage as a service: This is an on-demand online storage service from cloud service providers to end
users. The service is provided on a pay-per-GB basis.
3. Database as a service (DaaS): It is a sub-service model of IaaS, which standardizes processes for
controlling, manipulating, and accessing (i.e., read, update, write, and delete). Data in the database are
accessed by the cloud in the cloud storage and provided as DaaS to users.
CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICE MODELS
THE MOTIVATION
BEHIND MCC
The motivation behind MCC is simply to remove the existing drawbacks of mobile
computing:
1. Limited battery life of mobile devices: Because of the mobility of the device, it is
impossible to find an external power source every time. Mobile devices have to rely on
the internal battery, which has a charge life of only a few hours, in most cases. If
computation is continuous or various applications are running continuously, battery will
drain soon.
2. Limited storage capacity of mobile devices: Each mobile device has a limited amount of
internal memory. A well-configured smartphone has only 32 GB of internal memory, and a
THE MOTIVATION BEHIND MCC
3. Limited processing power of mobile devices: Smartphones have ARM processors,
which are capable of running only small and a limited number of applications.
Processors are an irreplaceable part of a mobile device, so if anyone wants to
upgrade it, it may not be possible.
4. Low bandwidth: In mobile computing, EDGE, GPRS, and GSM technologies have
very low bandwidth. Though 3G and 4G technologies are available only in a
limited number of cities/ towns, at too high a cost.
The service-oriented architecture (SOA) of MCC consists
authentication, authorization,
of three layers. home agent accounting
1. Mobile network
2. Internet service
base transceiver stations
3. Cloud service
