CFD with OpenSource Software, 2019
A walk through some OpenFOAM code: Vector
Håkan Nilsson, Chalmers / Mechanics and Maritime Sciences / Fluid Dynamics 1
CFD with OpenSource Software, 2019
A walk through some OpenFOAM code: Vector
Prerequisites
• You have a basic knowledge in object oriented C++ programming.
• You have a basic knowledge in the structure of OpenFOAM programming.
Learning outcomes
• You will gain experience in reading OpenFOAM classes and figure out how they work.
Håkan Nilsson, Chalmers / Mechanics and Maritime Sciences / Fluid Dynamics 2
CFD with OpenSource Software, 2019
A walk through some OpenFOAM code: Vector
• Let’s have a look at some examples in the OpenFOAM Vector class:
$FOAM_SRC/OpenFOAM/primitives/Vector
(go there while looking at the following slides)
To which library does it belong?
• We find:
complexVector floatVector lists Vector.H
doubleVector labelVector vector VectorI.H
- The last two are for the templated Vector class (capital first letter V means that it is a
templated class).
- Inline functions must be implemented in the class declaration file, since they must be
inlined without looking at the class definition file. In OpenFOAM there are usually files
named as VectorI.H containing inline functions, and those files are included in the
corresponding Vector.H file. There is no *.C file in the Vector class, since all functions
are inlined.
- Directories including string {V,v}ector are typedefs for Vector of complex num-
bers, floats, labels, doubles and scalars. The directory lists defines lists of vec-
tors. What is a scalar? See $FOAM_SRC/OpenFOAM/primitives/Scalar/scalar/scalar.H
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Vector inheritance
The Vector.H file shows that the Vector class inherits from (read: “is a”) VectorSpace:
template<class Cmpt>
class Vector
:
public VectorSpace<Vector<Cmpt>, Cmpt, 3>
{
The VectorSpace class is found in $FOAM_SRC/OpenFOAM/primitives/VectorSpace.
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CFD with OpenSource Software, 2019
Vector constructor declarations
The constructor declarations are found in Vector.H:
// Constructors
//- Construct null
inline Vector();
//- Construct initialized to zero
inline Vector(const Foam::zero);
//- Construct given VectorSpace of the same rank
template<class Cmpt2>
inline Vector(const VectorSpace<Vector<Cmpt2>, Cmpt2, 3>&);
//- Construct given three components
inline Vector(const Cmpt& vx, const Cmpt& vy, const Cmpt& vz);
//- Construct from Istream
inline Vector(Istream&);
Håkan Nilsson, Chalmers / Mechanics and Maritime Sciences / Fluid Dynamics 5
CFD with OpenSource Software, 2019
Vector constructor definitions
• The constructor definitions are usually found in the corresponding .C file, but since the
constructors for the Vector are inlined they are found in the VectorI.H file:
template<class Cmpt>
inline Foam::Vector<Cmpt>::Vector
(
const Cmpt& vx,
const Cmpt& vy,
const Cmpt& vz
)
{
this->v_[X] = vx;
this->v_[Y] = vy;
this->v_[Z] = vz;
}
Here, this is a pointer to the current object of the current class, i.e. we here set the static
data member v_ (inherited from class VectorSpace.H) to the values supplied as argu-
ments to the constructor.
• It is here obvious that the member function Vector belongs to the class Vector, and that
it is a constructor since it has the same name as the class.
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CFD with OpenSource Software, 2019
Vector access functions
• Some access functions are declared in Vector.H:
inline const Cmpt& x() const;
inline Cmpt& x();
and defined in VectorI.H:
template<class Cmpt>
inline const Cmpt& Foam::Vector<Cmpt>::x() const
{
return this->v_[X];
}
template<class Cmpt>
inline Cmpt& Foam::Vector<Cmpt>::x()
{
return this->v_[X];
}
The first one is for const objects, and the second one can be used to manipulate the object.
Håkan Nilsson, Chalmers / Mechanics and Maritime Sciences / Fluid Dynamics 7
CFD with OpenSource Software, 2019
Vector operators
• Some operators are defined in VectorI.H:
template<class Cmpt>
inline typename innerProduct<Vector<Cmpt>, Vector<Cmpt>>::type
operator&(const Vector<Cmpt>& v1, const Vector<Cmpt>& v2)
{
return Cmpt(v1.x()*v2.x() + v1.y()*v2.y() + v1.z()*v2.z());
}
template<class Cmpt>
inline Vector<Cmpt> operator^(const Vector<Cmpt>& v1, const Vector<Cmpt>& v2)
{
return Vector<Cmpt>
(
(v1.y()*v2.z() - v1.z()*v2.y()),
(v1.z()*v2.x() - v1.x()*v2.z()),
(v1.x()*v2.y() - v1.y()*v2.x())
);
}
They can be changed for a specific to a type of vector, such as in complexVectorI.H.
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vector/vector.H and vector/vector.C
• Templated class Vector<scalar> is typedef to vector in vector/vector.H:
typedef Vector<scalar> vector;
• Some static members of base class VectorSpace are set in vector.C:
template<>
const char* const Foam::vector::vsType::typeName = "vector";
template<>
const char* const Foam::vector::vsType::componentNames[] = {"x", "y", "z"};
template<>
const Foam::vector Foam::vector::vsType::zero(vector::uniform(0));
template<>
const Foam::vector Foam::vector::vsType::one(vector::uniform(1));
template<>
const Foam::vector Foam::vector::vsType::max(vector::uniform(VGREAT));
template<>
const Foam::vector Foam::vector::vsType::min(vector::uniform(-VGREAT));
template<>
const Foam::vector Foam::vector::vsType::rootMax(vector::uniform(ROOTVGREAT));
template<>
const Foam::vector Foam::vector::vsType::rootMin(vector::uniform(-ROOTVGREAT));
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VectorSpace
• The VectorSpace class does not inherit from any other class:
template<class Form, class Cmpt, direction Ncmpts>
class VectorSpace
{
However, it is used in many types of vector spaces (search for VectorSpace in Doxygen):
VectorSpace< Barycentric2D< Cmpt >, Cmpt, 3 >
VectorSpace< Barycentric< Cmpt >, Cmpt, 4 >
VectorSpace< Barycentric< scalar >, scalar, 4 >
VectorSpace< BarycentricTensor< Cmpt >, Cmpt, Mrows *Ncols >
VectorSpace< CompactSpatialTensor< Cmpt >, Cmpt, Mrows *Ncols >
VectorSpace< CompactSpatialTensor< scalar >, scalar, Mrows *Ncols >
VectorSpace< CompactSpatialTensorT< Cmpt >, Cmpt, Mrows *Ncols >
VectorSpace< cubicEqn, scalar, 4 >
VectorSpace< DiagTensor< Cmpt >, Cmpt, 3 >
VectorSpace< DiagTensor< scalar >, scalar, 3 >
VectorSpace< Form, Cmpt, Mrows *Ncols >
VectorSpace< linearEqn, scalar, 2 >
VectorSpace< Polynomial< PolySize >, scalar, PolySize >
VectorSpace< quadraticEqn, scalar, 3 >
VectorSpace< Roots< N >, scalar, N >
VectorSpace< RowVector< Cmpt >, Cmpt, Mrows *Ncols >
VectorSpace< SpatialTensor< Cmpt >, Cmpt, Mrows *Ncols >
VectorSpace< SpatialVector< Cmpt >, Cmpt, 6 >
VectorSpace< SpatialVector< scalar >, scalar, 6 >
VectorSpace< SphericalTensor2D< Cmpt >, Cmpt, 1 >
VectorSpace< SphericalTensor< Cmpt >, Cmpt, 1 >
VectorSpace< SymmTensor2D< Cmpt >, Cmpt, 3 >
VectorSpace< SymmTensor< Cmpt >, Cmpt, 6 >
VectorSpace< Tensor2D< Cmpt >, Cmpt, 4 >
VectorSpace< Tensor< Cmpt >, Cmpt, Mrows *Ncols >
VectorSpace< Tensor< scalar >, scalar, Mrows *Ncols >
VectorSpace< Vector2D< Cmpt >, Cmpt, 2 >
VectorSpace< Vector2D< scalar >, scalar, 2 >
VectorSpace< Vector< Cmpt >, Cmpt, 3 >
VectorSpace< Vector< label >, label, 3 >
VectorSpace< Vector< scalar >, scalar, 3 >
VectorSpace< Vector< vector >, vector, 3 >
Håkan Nilsson, Chalmers / Mechanics and Maritime Sciences / Fluid Dynamics 10
CFD with OpenSource Software, 2019
The Vector class in Doxygen
• Use Doxygen to search for Vector, click on Vector, and click on Vector< Cmpt >
• Find all member data and member functions, included inherited ones.
Håkan Nilsson, Chalmers / Mechanics and Maritime Sciences / Fluid Dynamics 11
