11/2016

Question Booklet

2016 Examination for Japanese University Admission

for International Students

Science（80 min.）
【Physics, Chemistry, Biology】
※ Choose and answer two subjects.
※ Answer the questions using the front side of the answer sheet for one
subject, and the reverse side for the other subject.

Ⅰ Rules of Examination
 1．Do not leave the room without the proctor s permission.
 2．Do not take this question booklet out of the room.

Ⅱ Rules and Information Concerning the Question Booklet

 1．Do not open this question booklet until instructed.
 2．After instruction, write your name and examination registration number
in the space provided below, as printed on your examination voucher.
3. The pages of each subject are as in the following table.

Subject Pages
Physics 1−21
Chemistry 23−36
Biology 37−50
 4．If your question booklet is missing any pages, raise your hand.
 5．You may write notes and calculations in the question booklet.

Ⅲ Rules and Information Concerning the Answer Sheet

 1．You must mark your answers on the answer sheet with an HB pencil.
 2．Each question is identified by one of the row numbers ， ， , ….
Follow the instruction in the question and completely black out your answer
in the corresponding row of the answer sheet（mark‒sheet）.
 3．Make sure also to read the instructions on the answer sheet.

※ Once you are instructed to start the examination, fill in your examination
registration number and name.

Examination registration number ＊ ＊

Name

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Chemistry

Marking Your Choice of Subject on the Answer Sheet

Choose and answer two subjects from Physics, Chemistry, and

Biology. Use the front side of the answer sheet for one subject,
㸺Example㸼
and the reverse side for the other subject.
ゎ⟅⛉┠ Subject
As shown in the example on the right, if you answer the
≀ ⌮ ໬ Ꮫ ⏕ ≀
Chemistry questions, circle “Chemistry” and completely fill in the Physics Chemistry Biology

oval under the subject name.

If you do not correctly fill in the appropriate oval, your
answers will not be graded.


Use the following values for calculation. The unit of volume “liter” is represented by “L”.

Standard state: 0 Υ㸪1.01™10 5 Pa (= 1.00 atm)

  The molar volume of an ideal gas at the standard state: 22.4 L/mol

Gas constant: 5 = 8.31™10 3 Pa㺃L/(K㺃mol)

Avogadro constant: 1 A = 6.02™10 23 /mol

Faraday constant: ) = 9.65™10 4 C/mol

Atomic weight: H : 1.0 C : 12 N : 14 O : 16 Na : 23

S : 32 Cl : 35.5

The relation between the group and the period used in this examination is indicated in the

following periodic table. Atomic symbols other than H are omitted.


group
period                
 
  
H
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Q1 A manganese(II) ion (Mn 2+ ), the mass number of which is 55, contains 23 electrons.

How many neutrons does the manganese(II) ion have? From ձյ below choose the

correct number. ᴾ ᵏᴾ ᴾ

ձ 23   ղ 25   ճ 30   մ 32   յ 55

Q2 From the following combinations of atoms and ions ձյ choose the one in which

the two have the same electron configuration. ᴾ ᵐᴾ ᴾ

ձ Cl 㸫  and Na +    ղ H + and He   ճ Na + and Ca 2+  

մ Ne and Mg 2+    յ  Cl 㸫  and Br 㸫

Q3  Among the following statements (a)-(e) on the periodic table, two are correct. From

ձնbelow choose the correct combination. ᴾ ᵑᴾ ᴾ

(a)  Elements belonging to the same group are in the same state (either solid, liquid or

gas) at normal temperature and pressure.

(b)  Except for the group 18 elements, among the main group elements belonging to the

same period, the larger the number of the group, the higher the electronegativity

in general.

(c)  Transition elements exist in the third to seventh periods.

(d)  Elements belonging to group 18 are called the noble gases.

(e)  Among the known elements, nearly half of them are nonmetallic elements.

ձ  a㸪b   ղ  a㸪d   ճ  b㸪c   մ  b㸪d   յ  c㸪e   ն  d㸪e

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Q4  Two out of the following (a)-(e) are appropriate as the methods to separate a mixture

of sodium chloride (NaCl) and iodine (I 2 ). From ձ  ն below choose the correct

combination. ᴾ ᵒᴾ ᴾ

(a) distillation  

(b) sublimation  

(c) recrystallization  

(d) extraction  

(e) fractional distillation 

ձ a㸪b  ղ a㸪e  ճ b㸪c  մ b㸪d  յ c㸪d  ն d㸪e

Q5  From the following gases ձյ choose the one which contains the largest number of

molecules in 1 g. ᴾ ᵓᴾ ᴾ

ձ oxygen     

ղ nitrogen    

ճ chlorine 

մ nitrogen monoxide  

յ carbon dioxide

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Q6 The following titration curve was obtained by measuring the pH value of the solution

while 10 mL of 0.1 mol/L of an acid A was titrated with 0.1 mol/L aqueous sodium

hydroxide (NaOH) in the presence of an appropriate indicator B. From ձն in the table

below choose the correct combination of A and B. ᴾ ᾅᴾ ᴾ

14

12

10

8
pH
6

0 5 10 15 20
Volume of aqueous sodium hydroxide㸦mL㸧

A B

ձ CH3 COOH phenolphthalein

ղ CH3 COOH Methyl Orange

ճ HCl phenolphthalein

մ HCl Methyl Orange

յ H2 SO4 phenolphthalein

ն H2 SO4 Methyl Orange

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Q7 From the following chemical reactions ձմ choose the one in which the oxidation

number of oxygen (O) decreases. ᴾ ᾆᴾ ᴾ

ձ 2KClO3   2KCl 㸩 3O2

ղ 3O2   2O3

ճ H2 O2 㸩 H2 S  S 㸩 2H2 O

մ Na 2 O 㸩 2HCl    2NaCl 㸩 H2 O

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Q8 The following diagram indicates the change of energy of the reversible reaction (i) as

the reaction proceeds. Reaction path A corresponds to the case when no catalyst is

employed while reaction path B is the case when a certain catalyst is employed. From

the statements ձն below choose the correct one. ᴾ ᾇᴾ ᴾ

H2 㸦g㸧 㸩 I 2 㸦g㸧    2HI㸦g㸧    㸦i㸧

183
A
energy (kJ)

67
B
H2 㸩 I2
9
0
  2HI

Direction of the forward reaction

ձ The activation energy of the forward reaction (i) via path A is 183 kJ/mol.

ղ The activation energy of the reverse reaction (i) via path B is 58 kJ/mol.

ճ The heat of forward reaction (i) via path A is larger than that via path B.

մ The equilibrium constant of the reaction (i) via path A is larger than that via path B

at the same temperature.

յ When the reaction (i) is at equilibrium in a reaction vessel, the proportion of HI

increases by reducing the volume of the vessel at constant temperature.

ն When the reaction (i) is at equilibrium in a reaction vessel, the proportion of HI

increases by reducing the temperature of the vessel.

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Q9 In a U-tube, 2 mol/L aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) was electrolyzed with graphite

electrodes C by applying a voltage of 3 V.

㸩 㸫

C C

2 mol/L
NaCl aq

Among the following observable phenomena (a)-(d), two are correct. From ձ ն

below choose the correct combination. ᴾ ᾈᴾ ᴾ

(a)  Gas was generated only at the anode.

(b)  When potassium iodide-starch paper moistened with pure water was brought to the

mouths of the U-tube, it turned blue at the anode side.

(c)  White precipitates formed at the bottom of the U-tube.

(d)  The aqueous solution near the cathode turned pink when a few drops of aqueous

phenolphthalein was added after the electrolysis.

ձ a㸪b   ղ a㸪c   ճ a㸪d   մ b㸪c   յ b㸪d   ն c㸪d

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Q10 At 20 Υ and 1.0 ™ 10 5 Pa, 1.4 ™ 10  3 mol of oxygen dissolves in 1.0 L of water. Convert

the amount of oxygen that dissolves in 2.0 L of water at 20 Υ and 5.0 ™ 10 5 Pa into the

volume at the standard state in L. From the following ձյ choose the closest value.
ᴾ ᵏᵎ ᴾ ᴾ L

ձ 0.031   ղ 0.063   ճ 0.16   մ 0.31   յ 0.63

Q11 In the following table, experimental procedures to generate gases and the properties of

the gases generated are listed. From ձն in the following table choose the one in

which the property of the generated gas is not correct. ᴾ ᵏᵏ ᴾ ᴾ

Experimental procedures Properties of gases

Dilute sulfuric acid (dil. H 2 SO4 ) is added to

ձ It has a reducing property.
iron(II) sulfide (FeS).

Manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2 ) is added to

ղ concentrated hydrochloric acid (conc. HCl), It has an oxidizing property.
and the mixture is heated.

ճ Calcium (Ca) is added to water. It is the lightest gas.

Dilute nitric acid (dil. HNO 3 ) is added to

մ Its color is brown.
copper (Cu).

Concentrated sulfuric acid (conc. H2 SO4 ) is

յ It has a bleaching property.
added to copper (Cu) and the mixture is heated.

Dilute hydrochloric acid (dil. HCl) is added to It dissolves in water, and

ն
limestone (CaCO 3 ). the solution is weakly acidic.

 

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Q12 From the following statements ձն on halogens X (X = F, Cl, Br, I) choose the one

that is not correct. ᴾ ᵏᵐ ᴾ ᴾ

ձ Concerning the boiling points of X2 , that of F2 is the lowest.

ղ Concerning the oxidizing power of X2 , the smaller the molecular weight, the higher

the oxidizing power.

ճ Concerning the boiling points of HX, the one that has the lowest boiling point is HCl.

մ To store aqueous hydrogen fluoride (HF), plastic bottles should be used.

յ Hypochlorous acid (HClO) exhibits an oxidizing property.

ն Silver fluoride (AgF) is hardly soluble in water.

Q13 From the following statements ձշon group 14 elements choose the one that is not

correct. ᴾ ᵏᵑ ᴾ ᴾ

ձ Carbon (C) forms covalent crystals.

ղ All allotropes of carbon are good electric conductors.

ճ Silicon (Si) can be obtained by reducing quartz sand with carbon.

մ Silicon is a semiconductor.

յ Tin (Sn) reacts with both aqueous acids and aqueous bases to generate hydrogen (H2).

ն Lead (Pb) does not easily dissolve in dilute sulfuric acid (dil. H 2 SO4 ) at normal

temperature.

շ Lead is used as a shielding material against radiation.

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Q14 Among the following statements (a)-(e) two are in common with both iron (Fe) and

aluminum (Al). From ձն below choose the correct combination. ᴾ ᵏᵒ ᴾ ᴾ

(a)  Both are transition elements.

(b)  Both form trivalent cations.

(c)  Both react with hydrochloric acid (HCl aq) and generate hydrogen (H 2 ).

(d)  Both react with aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and generate hydrogen.

(e)  Both react with aqueous zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) to deposit zinc (Zn).

ձ a㸪b  ղ a㸪e  ճ b㸪c  մ b㸪d  յ c㸪d  ն d㸪e

Q15 From the statements ձյon the reactions involving oxides choose the one in which

the underlined product is not correct. ᴾ ᵏᵓ ᴾ ᴾ

ձ  Aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to yield

sodium tetrahydroxydoaluminate (Na[Al(OH)4 ]).

ղ  Calcium oxide (CaO) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl aq) to yield calcium

hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ).

ճ  Manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2 ) catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O2 ) to

yield oxygen (O 2 ).

մ  Sodium oxide (Na2 O) reacts with water to yield sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

յ  Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO4 ) is generated when tetraphosphorus decoxide (P 4 O10 ) is

dissolved in water and the solution is heated.

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Q16 The following statements (a)-(d) concern alkanes and alkenes. From ձո in the

table below choose the combination in which the “true” or “false” judgments are correct. 
ᴾ ᵏᵔ ᴾ ᴾ

(a) Alkanes are readily oxidized with aqueous potassium permanganate (KMnO4 )


acidified with sulfuric acid.

(b)  For straight chain alkanes, the larger the number of carbon atoms (C), the higher the

boiling points.

(c)  A WUDQV alkene and a FLV alkene with the same number of carbon atoms have the same

melting point.

(d)  Alkenes are readily susceptible to addition reactions.

a b c d

ձ true true true true

ղ true true true false

ճ true false false true

մ true false false false

յ false false true false

ն false false true true

շ false true false false

ո false true false true

 

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Q17 From the following statements ձյ on carboxylic acids and their salts choose the

one that is not correct. ᴾ ᵏᵕ ᴾ ᴾ

ձ  Phthalic acid possesses one or more asymmetric carbon atoms.

ղ  Oxalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid.

ճ  Linoleic acid is classified as a higher fatty acid.

մ  Oxidation of toluene with potassium permanganate (KMnO4 ) acidified with sulfuric

acid, yields benzoic acid.

յ  If sodium phenoxide and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) are reacted at high temperature and

pressure, sodium salicylate is formed.

Q18 When 8.2 g of sodium acetate (CH3 COONa) and excess sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

were placed in a test tube and the mixture was heated, the reaction proceeded completely

and methane (CH4 ) was generated. Calculate the amount of generated methane in L at the

standard state. From the following ձյ choose the closest value. ᴾ ᵏᵖ ᴾ ᴾ L

ձ 1.0   ղ 1.6   ճ 2.2   մ 3.4   յ 4.4

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Q19 From ձն in the following table choose the correct combination of polymer and its

precursor, monomer. ᴾ ᵏᵗ ᴾ ᴾ

Polymer Monomer

ձ glycogen maltose

ղ protein amino acid

ճ DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) ribose

մ natural rubber propene (propylene)

յ polyamide aniline

ն polyester ethene (ethylene)

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Q20 From the following statements ձյ on amino acids choose the correct one. ᴾ ᵐᵎ ᴾ ᴾ

ձ  The number of carboxy groups and that of amino groups constituting an D-amino acid

is one, respectively.

ղ  All D-amino acids contain asymmetric carbon atom(s).

ճ  D-Amino acids contain only carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N).

մ  All essential amino acids are synthesized in the human body.

յ  Compounds formed by dehydration condensation between a carboxy group of one

amino acid and an amino group of another amino acid are called peptides.

End of Chemistry questions. Leave the answer spaces ᾁᾀ 㹼 ᾆᾄᴾ blank.

Please check once more that you have properly marked the name of your

subject as “Chemistry” on your answer sheet.

 
㻰㼛㻌㼚㼛㼠㻌㼠㼍㼗㼑㻌㼠㼔㼕㼟㻌㼝㼡㼑㼟㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼎㼛㼛㼗㼘㼑㼠㻌㼛㼡㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼞㼛㼛㼙㻚㻌

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Biology

Marking Your Choice of Subject on the Answer Sheet

 Choose and answer two subjects from Physics, Chemistry, and

Biology. Use the front side of the answer sheet for one subject, and 㸺Example㸼
the reverse side for the other subject. ゎ⟅⛉┠ Subject
As shown in the example on the right, if you answer the Biology ≀ ⌮ ໬ Ꮫ ⏕ ≀
Physics Chemistry Biology
questions, circle “Biology” and completely fill in the oval under the
subject name.
,I\RXGRQRWFRUUHFWO\ILOOLQWKHDSSURSULDWHRYDO\RXU
DQVZHUVZLOOQRWEHJUDGHG

Q1 The cytoskeleton includes components such as microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments.

Of these, which component is directly involved in muscle contraction, and which is directly involved in

formation of the spindle body? From ձ – յ below choose the correct combination. 

 Muscle contraction Formation of the spindle body

ձ microtubule intermediate filament

ղ microtubule actin filament

ճ intermediate filament actin filament

մ actin filament microtubule

յ actin filament intermediate filament

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Q2 Statements a – d below describe various organelles. From ձ – ն below choose the combination

correctly indicating the statement that describes mitochondria, and the statement that describes

chloroplasts. 

a It is a double-membrane organelle that contains stacks of flat, sac-like structures inside the inner

membrane.

b It is a single-membrane organelle filled with cell fluid.

c It is a double-membrane organelle in which the inner membrane is highly folded.

d It is a single-membrane organelle to which ribosomes are attached on the surface.

Mitochondria Chloroplasts

ձ a c

ղ b a

ճ b d

մ c a

յ c d

ն d b

Q3 Consider the differences between (VFKHULFKLDFROL and the leaf cells of plants. From ձ – յ below

choose the statement that applies to a plant leaf cell, but not to (FROL 

ձ Translation is initiated after transcription is completed.

ղ ATP is synthesized in the cytoplasmic matrix.

ճ The cell membrane is surrounded by a cell wall.

մ Though it contains DNA within the cell, it does not have a nucleus.

յ It does not have any centrosomes.

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Q4 From ձ – ո below choose the combination that best indicates the substrate, product, and optimum

pH of amylase, which is present in human saliva. 

 Substrate Product Optimum pH

ձ starch maltose pH2

ղ starch maltose pH7

ճ starch glucose pH2

մ starch glucose pH7

յ maltose starch pH2

ն maltose starch pH7

շ maltose glucose pH2

ո maltose glucose pH7

Q5 The figure below shows alcoholic fermentation occurring in a Kühne’s fermentation tube. The

fermentation solution was prepared by heating a glucose solution, allowing it to cool to room

temperature, and then mixing yeast into it in an appropriate ratio. The fermentation solution was poured

into the tube and the temperature was maintained at 35°C. A gas evolved as a result of alcoholic

fermentation. From ձ– մ below choose the answer that correctly identifies the gas that evolved.


Gas

Alcoholic
fermentation

ձ oxygen (O2) ղ hydrogen (H2) ճ carbon dioxide (CO2) մ nitrogen (N2)

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Q6 The reactions of photosynthesis can be summarized with the following reaction equation:

6CO2 㸩 12H2O 㸩 light energy ĺ C6H12O6 㸩 6H2O 㸩 6O2

In which photosynthetic process is the H2O on the left side of the equation broken down? Also, in which

photosynthetic process is the C6H12O6 on the right side of the equation synthesized? From ձ – ն

below choose the correct combination. 

Process in which H2O (on the Process in which C6H12O6 (on the

left side) is broken down right side) is synthesized
ձ Calvin-Benson cycle photosystem I

ղ Calvin-Benson cycle photosystem II

ճ photosystem I Calvin-Benson cycle

մ photosystem I photosystem II

յ photosystem II Calvin-Benson cycle

ն photosystem II photosystem I

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Q7 When a synthetic mRNA that contains repeats of a particular base sequence is added to a protein

synthesis system, a polypeptide is synthesized. The following table shows the amino acid sequences that

are obtained when polypeptides are produced from the synthetic mRNA shown on the left. From ձ –

ն below choose the combination that correctly indicates the amino acids that are coded by codons ACA

and CAC. 

mRNA base sequence Polypeptides that can be produced

Polypeptides that consist of repeats of alternating
ACACAC...(repeating)
threonine and histidine
Three different polypeptides;
chain of glutamine
CAACAACAACAA...(repeating)
chain of asparagine
chain of threonine

 ACA CAC

ձ threonine histidine

ղ histidine threonine

ճ glutamine threonine

մ histidine asparagine

յ glutamine histidine

ն threonine glutamine

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Q8 A certain organism has two pairs of alleles: A(a) and B(b). An individual with genotype AAbb was

crossed with an individual with genotype aaBB to produce the F1 generation. Next, an F1 individual is

crossed with an individual with genotype aabb, resulting in the offspring with the following phenotypes

and segregation ratio. Note that A and B are dominant over a and b respectively.

ࠝABࠞ:ࠝAbࠞ:ࠝaBࠞ:ࠝabࠞ= 1 : 5 : 5 : 1

From ձ – մ below choose the figure that best represents the relative position of the alleles on the

chromosomes in the above offspring of the phenotypeࠝABࠞ

. 

ձ ղ ճ մ

A a A a A a A B

B b B a
b b B b


Q9 The figure below represents the sex chromosomes in a human somatic cell duringmitotic metaphase.

Referring to this figure, from ձ – յ below choose the statement that best describes human

chromosomes. Note that the chromosome number of humans is 2n = 46.  

ձ X chromosomes are observed only in males.

ղ Human somatic cells have 23 pairs of autosomes.

ճ Both sex chromosomes in human somatic cells differ in shape between males and females.

մ A human somatic cell has 23 chromosomes during mitotic metaphase.

յ The chromosome marked X in the figure is inherited from the mother.

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Q10 From ձ – ն below choose the combination of terms that correctly fills blanks a – c in

the following statement describing transplantation pertaining to eye formation in the newt. 

An optic vesicle was removed from a tailbud-stage newt embryo and transplanted to the head of

another tailbud-stage embryo at the position just below the epidermis. A portion of eye structure was

formed at the transplant site, where an eye would not normally develop. It is likely that this occurred

because the optic vesicle itself, which formed from a , became the  b and at the same time

acted on the cells surrounding the transplant site and determined their fates to become an eye tissue. Such

action is referred to as  c .

 a b c

ձ mesoderm optic cup differentiation

ղ mesoderm crystalline lens differentiation

ճ mesoderm optic cup induction

մ ectoderm crystalline lens differentiation

յ ectoderm optic cup induction

ն ectoderm crystalline lens induction

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Q11 The figure below is a simplified representation of part of the human circulatory system. From ձ – ն

below choose the combination that best indicates: the blood vessel in the figure that carries blood with

the highest glucose concentration after eating (X), and the blood vessel in the figure that carries blood

with the lowest urea concentration (Y), in a healthy individual. 

Heart

F A
Liver

C
Small B
intestine

E D
Kidneys

 Blood vessel X Blood vessel Y

ձ A C

ղ A E

ճ C E

մ C F

յ D B

ն D C

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Q12 Statements a – d below describe arteries, veins, capillaries, or lymph ducts. From ձ – ն below choose

the combination correctly indicating the statement that describes veins, and the statement that describes

lymph ducts. 

a They are enveloped by a muscle layer and an elastic layer. They have valves that prevent backflow

of blood.

b They are enveloped by a muscle layer and an elastic layer. The muscle layer is relatively thick. They

do not have valves for preventing backflow of blood.

c Some tissue fluid enters them, and leukocytes are the only blood cells that are observed in them.

They have valves that prevent backflow.

d They are bound by a single layer of cells. A portion of blood plasma flows out from them to form

tissue fluid.

 Veins Lymph ducts

ձ a b

ղ a c

ճ a d

մ b a

յ b c

ն b d

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Q13 The following figure schematically represents a horizontal cross section of the human eye, as seen from

above. Answer questions and below concerning this.

 From ձ – մ below choose the combination that correctly indicates the names of structures A, B,

and C in the figure. 

 A B C

ձ zonule of Zinn ciliary body retina

ղ zonule of Zinn ciliary body cornea

ճ ciliary body zonule of Zinn retina

մ ciliary body zonule of Zinn cornea

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 Structures A and B in the figure are involved in accommodation of the human eye. From ձ – ո

below choose the statement that best indicates the changes to A, B, and the crystalline lens when the

eye focuses on a nearby object. 

ձ The muscle contained in B contracts and A slackens, causing the crystalline lens to become

thinner.

ղ The muscle contained in B contracts and A slackens, causing the crystalline lens to become

thicker.

ճ The muscle contained in B contracts and A tightens, causing the crystalline lens to become

thinner.

մ The muscle contained in B contracts and A tightens, causing the crystalline lens to become

thicker.

յ The muscle contained in B relaxes and A slackens, causing the crystalline lens to become thinner.

ն The muscle contained in B relaxes and A slackens, causing the crystalline lens to become thicker.

շ The muscle contained in B relaxes and A tightens, causing the crystalline lens to become thinner.

ո The muscle contained in B relaxes and A tightens, causing the crystalline lens to become thicker.

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Q14 The following figure schematically represents a part of a medullated nerve. From ձ – յ below choose

the answer that correctly indicates the order of the regions along which excitation is observed in the

axon when region E is given a stimulation exceeding the threshold value. 

Stimulation Terminal

A B C D E F G H I Axon

Myelin sheath

ձ E Ѝ F Ѝ G ЍH Ѝ I

ղ EЍFЍH

D Ѝ C Ѝ B ЍA
ճ E
FЍGЍHЍI

DЍB
մ E
FЍH

C ЍA
յ E
GЍI

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Q15 The following ձ – յ describe various plant hormones and their functions. Choose the best statement

as the description of ethylene. 

ձ It stimulates separation layer formation in the base of each leaf when the leaf shedding season

arrives.

ղ It maintains seed dormancy by suppressing germination.

ճ It is produced in the embryo and stimulates germination.

մ It is synthesized at the apex of shoots and stimulates cell elongation.

յ It stimulates lateral bud growth.

Q16 The following table shows the gross primary productivity or secondary production at each trophic level

in a certain ecosystem. From ձ – ն below choose the answer that best indicates the order of trophic

efficiency (%) among the trophic levels, from most efficient to least efficient. 

Gross primary productivity or

Trophic level
secondary production (J/cm2/year)
Solar energy *499,262.4

Producers 467.9

Primary consumers 62.2

Secondary consumers 13.0

*Incident light energy

ձ Producers 㸼 Primary consumers 㸼 Secondary consumers

ղ Producers 㸼 Secondary consumers 㸼 Primary consumers

ճ Primary consumers 㸼 Producers 㸼 Secondary consumers

մ Primary consumers 㸼 Secondary consumers 㸼 Producers

յ Secondary consumers 㸼 Primary consumers 㸼 Producers

ն Secondary consumers 㸼 Producers 㸼 Primary consumers

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Q17 From ձ – ն below choose the combination of terms that best fills blanks a – c in the

following paragraphs. 

Angiosperms have the reproductive organs that are more structurally complex than those of

gymnosperms, and have developed a method of fertilization whereby  a are transported by

animals. Also, some angiosperm species have developed methods of seed dispersal by wind or animals

through formation of  b . Some of today’s birds and insects have specialized beaks/mouthparts that

enable them to sip nectar from certain types of flowers.

As illustrated by these examples, it is believed that angiosperms and animals evolved in ways in which

they mutually influenced each other. This evolutionary phenomenon is called  c .

a b c

ձ fruits pollens neutral evolution

ղ fruits pollens coevolution

ճ fruits pollens industrial melanism

մ pollens fruits neutral evolution

յ pollens fruits coevolution

ն pollens fruits industrial melanism

End of Biology questions. Leave the answer spaces ᾀᾈ 㹼 ᾆᾄᴾ blank.

Please check once more that you have properly marked the name of your subject as

“Biology” on your answer sheet.

  
 
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