Annexes

5. Water collection and allocation for domestic use (Preferably ask women)
5.1 Who fetches water for household use (men, women, children)?

5.2 How much water does one person collect per day?

5.3 How many times does one person have to collect water per day?

5.4 How much water does one household use per day?

5.5 How much time does it take to fetch water for household use?

5.6 How is water allocated for household use?

Drinking and cooking: …………………………..%

Dishwashing……………………..%

Washing clothes……………………%

House cleaning………………………%

Toilet……………………………………..%

Other (specify)… ………………………%

6. Institutional and Governance aspects

6.1 Which institutions are involved in managing water resources?

Springs:

Ponds:

Wells:

Deep boring:

Irrigation canals:

6.2 Have you noticed any conflicts regarding water use/distribution in your locality?

6.3 How are conflicts resolved?

7. Upstream areas
7.1 What is the condition of upstream areas of water resources used by the community?

4.2 Have there been any major changes over the past 10 years in terms of infrastructure, housing, land use?

4.3 Are there any plans for development and land use changes in the upstream areas in the near future?

8. Climate change
8.1 Over the past 10 years, have there been any major changes (in terms of amount and timing) in:

Temperature:

Rainfall:

Extreme events e.g., floods, droughts, hailstones, landslides, cloudbursts:

8.2 How did they impact on the water sources in the area?

8.3 How did people cope with impacts?

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 Protocol for Reviving Springs in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: A Practitioner’s Manual

9. Groundwater recharge practices?

9.1 Are you aware (directly/indirectly) of concept of groundwater recharge?

9.2 Have you ever implemented any techniques?

9.3 What kind of techniques have you practised so far?

10. Migration
10.1 Has anyone migrated outside from your area/village?

10.2 If yes, then what was the reason for migration? How many HHs have migrated? Where did they migrate to?

10.3 Has any household or community migrated due to water shortage in your locality?

List of participants

Sn. Name of Age Sex Ward Caste/ethnic Phone number/ Signature Occupation
participant number group postal address
(residence) (if applicable)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

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Annex 4: Checklist for Key Informant Interviews

(The person or persons who manage the spring, or are most knowledgeable about the spring, should be
interviewed)

1. Name of the tap/spring : 2. Date of interview (Nepali):

3. Time of interview: start: / finish:
4. Name of interviewer:
5. Name of respondent: 6. Phone number of respondent, if any:
7. GPS location of tap: N E Elevation: m
8.Ward no. where tap is located: 9. Landmark identification for tap, if any:
10.Name of the village/gaun where tap is located: 11. Ownership of spring/ tap from a spring
(private = 1; community = 2; any other specify = 3):
12. Number of households dependent on spring/ tap 13. When was tap constructed (year)?
from a spring:
14. Who provided financial support for construction of 15. Name of spring from where water is supplied to
the tap? this tap:
16. Type of spring (dhara = 1, kuwa = 2, kholsa = 3, other = 4):
17. GPS location of spring: N E elevation: m
18. Distance of tap from spring (metres):
19. Name of the village/gaun where collection tank is 20. Capacity of collection tank (in ltr)
located:
21. GPS location of collection tank: N elevation: m
22. Distance of collection tank from tap (m): 23. From how many additional sources is water being
collected in the collection tank? (1 = just one; 2 =
two; 3 = three; 4 = more than four):
Note: ignore, if the respondent collects water directly
from the spring source.
24. If more than one, can you please name additional 25. If more than one, why did you collect water
sources? from additional sources? (1 = not enough water;
2 = low pressure; 3 = not reliable (not delivered
on time/frequent breakdowns/dried up); 4 = poor
quality/dirty; 5 = due to frequent landslides around
source; 6 = physically challenging; 7 = any other,
specify______)

Note: ignore if respondent collects water directly from the Note: ignore if respondent collects water directly from
spring source the spring source.
26. How is the quality of water from tap/collection tank? 27. Is there anyone responsible for management and
maintenance of this tap/collection tank? (yes = 1; no
(very good = 1; good = 2; fair = 3; poor = 4; very
= 2; everyone is responsible = 3):
poor = 5):
28. If yes, name and contact number of that person or any formal/informal management committee, if any?
29. Are there any operational rules for tap/collection 30. Is there any specific rule for collecting water from
tank: tap/collection tank?

(Clues: what happens when there is less water in tap, for (Clues: first come first serve; rationing in dry season;
how long is tap open, anyone who takes care of closing open for specific time; based on family size; only
and opening the tap, any rules on connecting loose allowed for people from this village/ward; no rule etc.)
pipes from tap)
31. Is there any charge taken for maintenance and repair 32. If yes, how much per year?
of the tap/collection tanks? (yes = 1; no = 2):

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 Protocol for Reviving Springs in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: A Practitioner’s Manual

Annex 5: Questionnaire Survey for Spring Water Users

Instruction: In a sample survey, interview the specified number of respondents (adults who come to fetch water) for
the tap/spring/collection tank. When the required number of surveys is complete, move to another tap sourced to
the same spring or the spring source itself. When conducting the survey, make sure that each respondent represents
a unique household.

Part 1: General information

1.1 Tap/spring code. # :

District/Ward/Spring no./Tap no./Respondent no

1.2 Date of interview (Nepali):
1.3 Time of interview: Start: /Finish: 1.4 Name of interviewer:

1.5 Name of supervisor who has checked the 1.6 Village name:
questionnaire:
1.7 Ward number: 1.8. VDC name:
1.9 Telephone/mobile no. of respondent (if any):
1.10 GPS locations of :
Spring: N- E- Elev.(m)-
Tap: N- E- Elev.(m)-
Collection Tank: N- E- Elev.(m)-

Part 2: Household information (Household means people who eat from the same kitchen)
2.1 Name of head of household: 2.2 Age of head of household (years):

2.3 Sex of head of household (1 = M; 2 = F): 2.4 Caste of household: (1 = Brahmin; 2 = Chhetri; 3
= Dalit; 4 = Newar; 5 = Tamang; 6 = Sherpa;
7 = Gurung; 8 = Sanyashi; 9 = other, specify_______)
2.5 Level of education of head of household 2.6 Name of respondent (if different from head of
(1 = non-literate; 2 = just literate; 3 = primary household. If same, repeat the name)
school; 4 = lower secondary; 5 = secondary;
6 = higher secondary; 7 = graduate and above):
2.7 Age of respondent in years (if different from head 2.8 Sex of respondent (if different from head of
of household. If same, repeat same age): household. If same, repeat same sex) (1 = M; 2 = F):
2.9 Relationship with head of household (1 = self; 2.10 Years of education respondent (if different from
2 = father; 3 =mother; 4 = son; 5 = daughter; | head of household. If same, repeat same level of
6 = wife; 7 = husband; 8 = daughter-in-law; education):
9 = other, specify______):
2.11 Total number of household members: 2.12 Sources of income for the entire household for
whom water is collected (1 = crop cultivation;
2 = livestock; 3 = remittances; 4= business;
5 = government service; 6 = private service;
7 = agricultural labour; 8 = non-agricultural labour;
9 = other, specify______) [ You can choose more than
one option]:

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2.13 Of the sources of income mentioned, which is 2.14 Total household income of all household members
THE MOST important: (monthly):

(1 = < Rs. 999; 2 = Rs. 1,000 to Rs. 4,999;3 = Rs.

5,000 to Rs.9,999; 4 = Rs.10,000 to Rs.19,999; 5 =
Rs. 20,000 to Rs. 49,999; 6 = > Rs. 50,000 )

Part 3: Tap/ spring source specific questions

Seasonal water collection data
Season Dry season (Falgun- Jestha) Wet season (Asar–
Magha)
3.1 No. of times in a day when water is collected?
3.2 No. of days in the week when water is
collected (1-7)?
3.3 No. collected per trip? gagri gagri
drums drums
buckets buckets
jerkins jerkins
cans cans
bottles bottles
other specify___________ other
specify__________

3.4 How long (in minutes) does it take to fill up your gagri/vessel/ 3.5 For how many years have you been
drum/bucket etc? collecting water from this tap/ spring
source?
Type of vessel Capacity of vessel (ltr) Time taken (minutes)
Gagri
Drum
Bucket
Jerkin
Other
3.6 How far (metres) is your home from this tap/ spring source? 3.7 How long (in minutes) does it take to
fetch water (two-way travel time and waiting
time)?
3.8 For what purposes do you use this water? (1 = drinking; 2 = washing clothes; 3 = other domestic use such
as washing utensils; 4 = livestock; 5 = irrigation; 6 = making raksi/jand; 7 = religious purposes; 8 = karesha
bari irrigation; 9 = other, specify_________) you can choose more than one :
3.9 Are you allowed to collect as much water as you want in a 3.10 If your answer to Q. 3.9 is, no, never
day? (=2) or sometimes (=3), then how many
gagris can you collect at a time in
(1 = yes, always; 2 = no, never; 3 = sometimes):
Dry season Wet season

3.11 Do you have to stand in a queue to collect water? (1 = yes, always; 2 = no, never; 3 = sometimes):

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 Protocol for Reviving Springs in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: A Practitioner’s Manual

3.12 List all rules for water collection, if any? (Clues: first come first serve; rationing on dry seasons; open for
specific time; based on family size; only allowed for people from this village/ward; no rule, etc

3.13 Perception of quantity of water from the spring source? 3.14 Has the volume of water in the spring
source changed over the past 10 years?
(1 = always sufficient; 2 = usually sufficient; 3 = sometimes
(1 = increased; 2 = decreased; 3 = no
sufficient; 4 = rarely sufficient; 5 = never sufficient):
change):

Note: here spring source means the main source/mool from where
Note: here spring source means the main
water is collected.
source/mool from where water is collected.
3.15 If volume (quantity) of water has changed in the source (increased or decreased), what were the reasons?

3.16 Perception on quality of water from spring source? 3.17 Has the quality of water in the spring
source changed over the past 10 years?
(1 = very good; 2 = good; 3 = fair; 4 = poor; 5 = very poor):
(1 = improved; 2 = declined; 3 = no
change):

Note: here spring source means the main source/mool from where Note: here spring source means the main
water is collected. source/mool from where water is collected.
3.18 If quality of water has changed (improved or declined), in the source what were the reasons?

3.19 Perception on water source’s reliability (dependability)? 3.20 On a scale of 1-5, how dependent
are you on this specific tap/ spring source?
(1 = always reliable; 2 = usually reliable; 3 = occasionally
(Scale 1 = no dependence; 2 = very
reliable; 4 = rarely reliable; 5 = never reliable):
low dependence; 3 = low dependence;
4 = moderately dependent; 5 = high
dependence)
Note: here spring source means the main source/mool from where
water is collected.
3.21 On a scale of 1-5, what is the condition of the following (1 = very good; 2 = good; 3 = fair; 4 = poor; 5
= very poor)

Source:

Collection tanks:

Pipes:

Tap:

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Part 4: Information on additional and other available sources of water:

4.1 In the past 10 years have you changed the source from which you collect water? (1 = yes; 2 = no):

4.2 If the answer to question 4.1 is “Yes” why? (1 = 4.3 Apart from this primary spring source do you also
insufficient water in previous source; 2 = more water get water from other spring sources? (1 = yes, 2 = no)
in the new source; 3 = tap water available at or near
home; 4 = easy to use seasonal springs in monsoon
season; 5 = other, specify_____________) You can
write more than one reason:
4.4 If yes to Q 4.3, can you name those springs? 4.5 Name the source from which you used to collect
water before this tap/water supply system was built?

Note: this is a specific question. Ignore if respondent

collects water from non spring source Note: if water is fetched directly from spring source,
then ask for the spring source.
4.6 How far was that source from your house (metres)? 4.7 Do you also collect water directly from

1. Loose pipes connected to collection tanks, taps or

spring source:

2. Collection tank without pipe:

Note: if water is fetched directly form spring source,
then ask for the spring source. 3. Any other spring: (eg: seasonal springs or any other
springs besides the primary spring)

(Rank according to importance):

Instruction: Ask questions vertically by purpose for which water is used…….

Choose ALL available Purposes for which water is used and water sources ranked according to their
water sources used for importance
household needs and Drinking Domestic Water for Water for Type of Water
agricultural needs: water water (other livestock irrigation irrigated land for other
than drinking (Tick) purposes
**(MENTION ALL) water)
Tick Rank Tick Rank Tick Rank Tick Rank Karesha Khet Tick Rank
(1= (1= (1= (1= Bari
(1=
most most most most (kitchen
most
imp) imp) imp) garden)
imp) imp)
4.8 Dharas (springs)
4.9 Kuwas (springs)
4.10 Kholas (rivers)
4.11 Kulos (canals)
4.12 Kholsa (streams)

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 Protocol for Reviving Springs in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: A Practitioner’s Manual

Choose ALL available Purposes for which water is used and water sources ranked according to their
water sources used for importance
household needs and Drinking Domestic Water for Water for Type of Water
agricultural needs: water water (other livestock irrigation irrigated land for other
than drinking (Tick) purposes
**(MENTION ALL) water)
4.13 Piped water supply
(from springs)
4.14 Piped water supply
(from sources other than
springs)
4.15 Rainwater
harvesting (unorganized/
organized with system
components)
4.16 Rainwater for
irrigation
4.17 Other (specify)
4.18 After obtaining water from ALL of your different water sources, how well are your household’s water needs
met?

(1 = always meets our needs, 2 = usually, 3 = occasionally, 4 = rarely, 5 = never):

Part 5: Water scarcity and water crisis perception

5.1 List all problems faced while collecting water?

5.2 Overall, do you think there is a water crisis/problem 5.3 On a scale of 1-5, how concerned are you about
in your locality? (1 = yes; 2 = no ): the possible drying up of this source? (scale 1 = not
concerned; 2 = hardly concerned; 3 = less concerned;
4 = moderately concerned; 5 = very concerned)

5.4 If yes to Q 5.2, What are the best practices you/ your community has adopted to cope with water scarcity?
(Clues: rainwater harvesting; collect water from nearby sources; control in distribution in season of scarcity; lock
taps/pipes to control open flow etc)

5.5 Any suggestions on how to improve water supply from the existing distribution system? :

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Annex 6: Field Data Compilation to Produce Collected Information in

Google Earth
Annex 6A
1. Data compilation in MS Excel.
• Field data need to be fed into Excel sheet in the format given in the figures below.
• Make three separate workbooks for spring locations, rock formation, and fracture/joint readings.
• Using simple formula (& “<br/>”&) all the information for a particular location can be clubbed and viewed in
Google Earth. (Figures A.2, A.3)

Figure A.2: Excel sheet with spring details

Figure A.3: Excel sheet with lithology data

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 Protocol for Reviving Springs in the Hindu Kush Himalaya: A Practitioner’s Manual

2. Converting Excel data into Google .kml file

Open www.earthpoint.us website and go to the “Excel to kml” tool available on the website as shown below.

• Using the “Browse” option, choose the Excel file created for various data sets.
• Press “View file on web page, Check for errors” to find any errors in the Excel data.
• Using the “Browse” option, again select the file and choose the “View on Google Earth” option which then
exports the Excel data as .kml format in downloads which can be accessed using Google Earth Pro (Figure A.4).

Importing the .kml file in Google Earth yields information in the form of a placemark for every location mapped
which is then further integrated to produce a geological map (Figure A.5).

Figure A.4: www.Earthpoint.us website outline gallery

Figure A.5: Observation points displayed on the Google Earth platform

Fracture/joint observatoins
Rock exposure
Spring location
Weathered outcrop

1019
P19
Schist
320
32

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