TRANSMISSION
SYSTEM
PROTECTION
TRAINING
Course Objectives:
Upon the successful completion of this course, each participant will be able to
Demonstrate the importance of the protection concepts in the power
system
Complete information will be given about the different
protective relay types; electromagnetic, analog and
digital
Also instrument transformers and transducers necessary for the
protection process will be covered. Different protective systems and
schemes will be demonstrated
Then, the approaches followed for the protection of each
power system components (alternator, transformer, bus-bar,
feeders, etc.) will be fully explained
Explain the dangers of lightning strokes, and the means by which
the power lines and buildings are protected
At the end of the course, the participant will have the ability to deal with
the relays, to design proper schemes for protecting any equipment and
the whole power system.
Who Should Attend?
Designers, Engineers and Technicians from Distribution Companies and Power
Utilities, Engineering Professionals in Electricity Supply Industry, Petrochemical
Companies, Buildings and Service Managers who have to deal with the aspect
of electrical and industrial power system protection, control and operation.
Course Content:
Relays
Role of relaying theory
Relaying Fundamentals:
o The nature of relaying
o Relay terminology
Electromechanical relays:
o Types
o Construction
o Operation
Instrument Transformers
Transducers
Current transformers
Voltage transformers
Capacitive potential devices
Transient Phenomena:
o DC offset in fault currents
o CT and CVT transients
o Restrike
o Ferro-resonance
Over-current Protection and Earth Fault Protection
Introduction
Applications of overcurrent protection
Relays used in overcurrent protection
Characteristics of relay unit for overcurrent protection
Methods of CT connections in overcurrent protection of 3-phase circuits
o Connection schemes with three relays
o Connection schemes with two relays and two CT’s
o Connection schemes with three relays and two CT’s
Earth fault protection
Connections of CT for earth fault protection
o Residually connected earth fault relay
o Earth fault relay connected in neutral to earth circuit
Directional overcurrent protection
Directional earth fault protection
Differential Protection
Introduction to differential protection
Application of differential protection
Principle of circulating current differential protection
Difficulties in differential protection
Differential protection of 3-phase circuits
Distance Protection
Introduction to distance protection
Principle of R-X diagram
Theory of impedance measurement
Method of analysis
Directional impedance relay
Torque equation of directional impedance relay
Modified (shifted characteristics)
Transformer Protection
Introduction
Nature of transformer faults
Gas actuated devices
o Pressure relief relay
o Rate of rise pressure relay
o Buchholz relay
Differential systems
o Description
o CT matching
Problems associated with transformer differential protection
Differential protection of three winding transformer
Auto-transformer differential protection
Earth fault protection
Overcurrent protection of power transformers
Bus-bar Protection
Introduction
Differential protection
Feeder Protection
Introduction
Overcurrent protection
Directional overcurrent protection
Distance protection
Differential protection
Protection from Direct Lightning Strokes
Introduction
Protective zone of lightning conductors
Experimental determination of protective zone of lightning conductors
Protective zone of the lightning masts
Protective zone of ground wires
Specifications of lightning conductors
Microprocessor-based Relays
Microprocessor in protection technology
Block Diagram and components of a digital relay
Basic principles of digital relays
Microprocessor-based relays
Description of a microprocessor based protective relay for motor protection
Advantages and special features of microprocessor-based protective relays
Block diagram of a microprocessor-based distance relay for protection of
transmission line
On line microprocessor-based fault monitoring
Micro-processor-based fault locators