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Molar Refraction Study Guide

The document summarizes an experiment measuring the refractive index of various organic liquids using a refractometer. The experiment aims to measure refractive indices at different temperatures and calculate molar refraction to study how it changes with temperature. The procedure involves cleaning the refractometer prism, placing drops of liquid to measure the refractive index, and repeating for other liquids at different temperatures. The discussion notes that refractive index and molar refraction increase with density and concentration as density increases with shorter bond lengths between atoms. However, temperature was found to both increase refractive index contrary to expectations, indicating a potential error in the experiment. Refractive index can also be used to determine purity by measuring deviations from known material values.

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Abdullah Iyad
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84 views5 pages

Molar Refraction Study Guide

The document summarizes an experiment measuring the refractive index of various organic liquids using a refractometer. The experiment aims to measure refractive indices at different temperatures and calculate molar refraction to study how it changes with temperature. The procedure involves cleaning the refractometer prism, placing drops of liquid to measure the refractive index, and repeating for other liquids at different temperatures. The discussion notes that refractive index and molar refraction increase with density and concentration as density increases with shorter bond lengths between atoms. However, temperature was found to both increase refractive index contrary to expectations, indicating a potential error in the experiment. Refractive index can also be used to determine purity by measuring deviations from known material values.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Iyad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Basrah

College of Engineering
Chemical Department

‫االنكسار الموالري للسوائل‬


Molar Refraction

Name : Abdullah Abbas Hafedh


Stage : Second Stage
No. of student : 36
*No. of experiment : *1
Date of experiment : 8/10/2012

: Introduction
The refractive index is constants physical can be used in the diagnosis of the
boats and the appointment of its purity. That uses device to measure the

refractive index in the appointment of the components of solutions are


initially command to set the refractive index of a series or a set of solutions

known installation and then the curve is plotted graph of the results obtained

The installation of the unknown solution can be set from the graph after
.measuring coefficient break it any way (Benchmarking)

As well as dilute solutions consisting of asking account can be mounted


almost "by measuring the coefficient refraction of the solution to be known

.our refractive index and density compounds questioners (solution)

The exact reading of the refractive index must be at a certain temperature


and requires thermostat extension with the device to the results were
reasonable

.and accurate

: Types of refraction index measurement

.Traditional handheld refractometers *1


Digital handheld refractometers *2
Laboratory or Abbe refractometers *3
And inline process refractometers *4

: Theory
The basic principle of the experience depends on the measurement of the
refractive index of the outgoing radiation from the beam passing in the area

electromagnetic from the center of low-density to medium denser, that path


beam deviates from the column primarily on the dividing line between the two
mediums any angle of incidence confined between the path of beam falling in
the middle in the middle low-density column greater than the angle of
.refraction confined between the path of the package in the middle denser

:The purpose of the test

measuring the refractive index of a group of organic and pure fluid and
calculate molar refraction account for those liquids and study of change

with temperature

: Equipment and materials

a device for measuring the refractive index

: Organic liquids

. ethyl alcohol, cyclohexane, heptane, carbon tetrachloride

: Procedure
cleans the glass prism refract meter with water and then wipe gently by soft *1
.tissue paper

Put a few drops of liquid to be measured coefficient break it on the bottom *2


surface of the prism then half prism and applied by eyepiece of the telescope

placed splitters crossed then move dark edge to replace the middle of

the intersection and drives disk settings to disappear colors and circle appears

black and white then read on a scale the refractive index of the two halves

.liquid(n)

well cleans prism and repeated the same process for other liquids at *3
.different temperatures

cleans all the hardware and glassware and returned to the assigned *4
.location, and the power cut from the light source to a device

: Discussion
Increasing the refractive index Molar means to increase the length of any *
string that the refractive index of any liquid depends on the way link bond
between atoms per article you want to calculate the refractive index, and
increase the length of the string leads to an increase in density as is well

known that the refractive index is directly proportional to the density of any
that increase the density of the liquid increases the amount of refractive
.index

The refraction index increase when the concentration of liquid was *


increasing because the increasing of conc. caused increase of density

.of substance or liquid

In this experiment we notice that the increasing of Temp. caused increasing *


of refraction but as we known that the increasing in Temp. caused decreasing
.of refraction index this indicates on that we make some failures in this Exp

We can calculate the ratio of impurities by measuring the refractive index as *


the refractive index of the material varies from one material to another
according to different density higher the density that indicates that the
.material contains a high percentage of impurities

The basis on which it is running refractometer is areas account any *


account wavelengths wavelength of light passing through this medium any
crystal

.prism where the crystal absorbs wavelengths from violet to red

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