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1 Velocity

Kinematics describes motion through quantities like displacement, velocity, and acceleration. It distinguishes between scalars that only have magnitude and vectors that have both magnitude and direction. Distance traveled is a scalar quantity, while displacement accounts for direction and can result in different values than distance. Velocity is a vector quantity that incorporates both speed and direction of motion. Position and displacement graphs can be used to determine quantities like average velocity from their slopes.

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Davie Calderon
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58 views11 pages

1 Velocity

Kinematics describes motion through quantities like displacement, velocity, and acceleration. It distinguishes between scalars that only have magnitude and vectors that have both magnitude and direction. Distance traveled is a scalar quantity, while displacement accounts for direction and can result in different values than distance. Velocity is a vector quantity that incorporates both speed and direction of motion. Position and displacement graphs can be used to determine quantities like average velocity from their slopes.

Uploaded by

Davie Calderon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Kinematics

velocity
Kinematics
Kinematics =  description  of  motion
• Fundamental  quantities:    Basic  notions  whose  definitions  we  intuitively  
understand.
Length  [m] Mass  [kg] time  [seconds]
• Derived  quantities:  Combinations  of  the  fundamental  ones.
Ex: Speed  =  distance/time  =  [m/s]

• Scalars:  quantities  having  only  magnitude  and  units.    Magnitude  is  the  
number.
Ex:  50  m/s
• Vectors:  Quantities  having  magnitude,  units,  and  direction.
Ex:  50  m/s north
Vectors  &  Scalars
Scalars:  distance,  speed,  pick  up
Vectors:  position,  velocity,  acceleration

Quantity Meaning +  or  -­‐ Units Tool


Distance   Length  of  trip + [m] Odometer
Position   (s,  x, or  y) Location on  number   line +  or  -­‐ [m] Map/graph
Displacement  (Δx) Δx =  x-­‐x0  =  change  in  position +  or  -­‐ [m] Map/graph
Speed How  fast + [m/s] Speedometer  
Velocity  (v) How  fast  in  a  specific direction +  or -­‐ [m/s] Speedometer  
&  compass
Ex: We  take  a  trip  from  Samo to  Hawaii,  back  to  Samo,  
then  to  Colorado.

Find  the  distance  traveled,  displacement,  and  final  


position.
Ex: Bob  travels   6  m E,  then   12  m S,  then   4  m N.

What  is  his  distance  travelled?

His  displacement?

Magnitude   of   displacement?
When  does  an  object’s  distance  traveled  equal  
the  magnitude  of  displacement?
Speed  vs.  Velocity  
Average  speed  =  distance/time  [scalar]

Average  velocity   =  displacement/time  [vector]


Ex  1: Joe  does  3  laps  in  1  minute  around  a  circular  
track  (r =  20   m).

Ex  2: Now   Joe  starts  at  the  southern  most  part  of  
the  track   and  runs  1.5  laps  in  30   seconds.
Average vs.  Instantaneous
Average  velocity is  measured  over  a  time  interval.

Instantaneous  velocity is  the  reading on  the  


speedometer  and  compass right  now.
Ex: Sue  drives  30  mph  for  15  min.    How  far  does  she  go?

Ex: Tim  walks  56  ft  east  at  8  ft/s.    He  then  pauses  for  3  
seconds.    Finally,  he  walks  west  at  5  ft/s for  4  s.    Find  his  
average  speed  and  average  velocity.

Ex:  Pat  walks  home  from  the  store  at  8  ft/s.    He  does  the  
return  trip  at  6  ft/s.    Find  his  average  speed.
Position  vs.  Time  Graphs

• What  is  the  slope  of  this  graph?

• What  does  this  slope  mean?

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