International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391
Synchronization of Traffic Signals “A Case Study-
Mr-10 Road, Indore”
Gaurav Dane1, H.S.Goliya2
1
Lecturer, Civil Engineering Department, Government Polytechnic College, Sendhwa 451449, India
2
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering & Applied Mechanics, Shri Govindram Seksaria Institute of Technology & Science,
23, Park Road, Indore-452003, India
Abstract: During the past decade major cities have under gone haphazard growth of Industrialization, urbanization of country.
Consequently the urban population has to travel greater distances within minimum possible time. To manage travel demand the
intersections should give least resistance to traffic flow so that the travel time can be minimized. The present requirement of
metropolitan cities is to absorb the growing traffic demand but within the same physical dimensions at the intersection. These days all-
around the globe efforts are being put forward to protect the environment to save earth. In this paper an attempt has been made to study
the various intersections, so as to minimize the delays at these intersections and consequently improve the level of service. Traffic signal
can be synchronized so that a vehicle starting at one end of the Street and traveling at Preassigned speed can go to other end without
stopping for red light. At each intersection the existing traffic has been estimated and then signal is designed. To improve the level of
service at intersections and to minimize delay, optimized signal has been synchronized and benefits are estimated.
Keywords: Synchronization, Traffic signals, Webster‟s Method, Level of Service, Phase Design
1. Introduction 3. Methodology
Transportation engineering is the application of technology
and scientific principles to the planning, functional design,
operation and management of facilities for any mode of
transportation in order to provide for the safe, efficient,
rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and
environmentally compatible movement of people and goods.
The increasing vehicular traffic on urban road in network
demands effective measure of traffic control on road –
network, especially at the intersection, where turning
movement of vehicle and mixed traffic creates congestion,
traffic jam. All the Metropolitan cities in India face this
problem in acute form.
The provision of signal at the intersection is one of the
methods to control the traffic, signal permits the leg wise
movement of the traffic and synchronization is the 4. Traffic Survey and Data Collection
coordination between relative signals. In congested parts of
the cities, traffic control at road intersection is practical and MR-10 road corridor has twelve intersections between
economical only with the help of traffic signals under the Radisson square to Lavkush square. The traffic growth on
prevailing conditions. this road is increasing rapidly day by day because of
development of new colony and township along corridor.
A major objective of Traffic Signal Synchronization at With direct connectivity of MR-10 road with Super corridor
intersection is to clear maximum number of vehicles through and Ujjain-Sanwer Road the traffic is expected to increase
the intersection in a given length and time with least number more. In future with the growth of Information Technology
of accidents, at maximum safe speed and with minimum sector in the city i.e. Multinational companies like TCS &
delay Infosys will start their centre near super corridor and hence
the traffic growth will increase enormously in the city at this
2. Objectives section.
1. To find out delay for mixed traffic. 4.1. Detailed information of road.
2. To develop the synchronization of signals in series.
3. To determine the time saving & increase in journey speed Name of road: MR-10 Road Corridor
after synchronization. Total length of road: 8.4km
4. To estimate fuel loss due to delay and low running speed. No. of signalized intersections: 12 no.
5. To estimate loss occurred due to people‟s time.
6. To estimate CO2 Emission by Fuel Loss.
Volume 5 Issue 7, July 2016
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: ART2016336 871
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391
4.2. Geometry and Traffic survey at intersection. days at each intersection. Left turning traffic, straight
through traffic and right turning traffic is taken from all the
Intersection traffic data is collected by the video graphic approaches and then it is converted into PCU/hr. by using
method. Video is taken for Peak hours i.e. from 8.00a.m. to suggested values of PCU for different vehicles.
11 a.m. in morning & 5p.m. to 8p.m. in evening for seven
Figure 1: Line diagram of MR-10 Indore
Table 1: Traffic Survey Data at Intersections of MR-10 Road
From N E
Sr. No. Name of Intersection Distance (m). To S W E W N S
1 Raddisson Square - 756 391 111 696 254 192
2 Vijay Nagar Square 900 463 573 400 590 497 350
3 Sayaji Square 500 NO LEG 882 0 192
4 Meghdut Square 600 0 592 111 700 893 0
5 Talwalkar‟s Square 600 NO LEG 882 0 192
6 Bapat Square 600 596 365 452 852 525 326
7 Heera Nagar Square 700 700 191 111 700 200 192
8 Heera Nagar Auto Stand Square 800 690 190 156 700 200 152
9 Temple Square 600 695 189 189 700 200 259
10 CG Mourya Square 1000 699 256 150 699 356 192
11 Idea Square 800 596 192 152 459 256 192
12 Lavkush Square 1300 759 156 110 685 463 192
5. Results Red time(sec.) 97 101 96 99
Delay for each approach(da) 49 52 49 50
5.1 All Intersection signal design is based on Webster’s V/c ratio for each approach(x) 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89
Method. Detailed design of one of the signal is given
below in Table no.2 Optimum cycle time co(sec.) 132
Effective green time ge(sec.) 116
Table 2: Signal Design of Radisson Square Inter section capacity 4842
Approach N E W S Determination of Critical Lane Group 0.78
Approach width (m) 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 Critical v/c ratio for intersection xc 0.90
Flow V (PCU/hr.) 1147 950 1148 1053 Average delay for intersection(di) 50
Green phase(g) (sec.) 35 31 36 32 Intersection Level of Service E
Green time(sec.) 31 26 31 28
Amber time(sec.) 4 5 5 4
Volume 5 Issue 7, July 2016
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: ART2016336 872
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391
Figure 2: Timing Diagram of Radisson Square
Table 3: Traffic signal design at intersections of MR-10 Road
Green Phase(sec.) Red Phase (sec.)
Sr.No. Name of intersection Distance (m.) Cycle Time(Co) 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1 Raddisson Square - 132 35 31 36 32 97 101 96 99
2 Vijay Nagar Square 900 141 46 36 28 34 96 105 113 108
3 Sayaji Square 500 65 - 15 30 14 - 49 35 51
4 Meghdut Square 600 52 16 26 13 - 36 26 39 -
5 Talwalkar‟s Square 600 49 - 16 16 19 - 33 33 30
6 Bapat Square 600 211 63 61 47 41 148 149 164 170
7 Heera Nagar Square 700 129 37 33 18 43 92 96 111 86
8 Heera Nagar Auto Stand Square 800 88 28 23 15 25 60 66 73 64
9 Temple Square 600 58 19 21 14 22 54 53 60 52
10 CG Mourya Square 1000 112 26 26 29 32 85 86 83 79
11 Idea Square 800 75 25 17 12 23 50 57 63 52
12 Lavkush Square 1300 124 30 34 32 30 94 89 92 94
Table 4 Different parameters of Signal Design
Sr. No. Name Distance Cycle V/C Delay (Sec/Veh.) LOS
of intersection (m.) Time (sec.) Ratio
1 Raddisson - 132 0.89 50 E
2 Vijay Nagar 900 141 0.90 53 E
3 Sayaji 500 65 0.79 20 C
4 Meghdut 600 52 0.72 16 C
5 Talwalkar‟s 600 49 0.70 17 C
6 Bapat 600 211 0.93 79 F
7 Heera Nagar 700 129 0.88 47 E
8 Auto Stand 800 88 0.82 33 D
9 Temple 600 58 0.77 28 D
10 CG Mourya 1000 112 0.86 42 E
11 Idea 800 75 0.78 28 D
12 Lavkush 1300 124 0.88 47 E
5.2 Synchronization of Signals 4187. By the report of Advance Estimation of National
income 2014-15 estimates at current prices Per Capita
Traffic signal synchronization allows a series of lights along income is Rs. 54,527, so per capita per sec. income is Rs
a street to turn green based on synchronized time set and 0.00941.
preassigned speed to current traffic patterns and congestion
levels. Peak traffic hours of the day is 6 hour, then benefits in terms
of money is Rs 63,332 per Day and Rs 65,482 per Day. Due
It is a cost effective way to reduce overall stops and travel to low running Speed of vehicle the extra fuel has been burn,
delays. Synchronization of traffic Signals has been done and synchronization of signal can save this loss from E-W & W-
it„s detail is given in Figure 3 and Figure 4 E, Petrol 1018.61 Lit/Day and Diesel 1385..58 Lit/Day. Cost
of this fuel is Rs.1, 57,248. Due to Delay the vehicle burn
5.3 Economic Analysis Details extra fuel, this fuel loss is ideal fuel consumption of
vehicles, it can save loss of fuel Petrol 50.18 Lit/Day and
After Applying Synchronization saving time per hour per Diesel 31.512 Lit/Day, Cost of fuel Rs.5498.Detail of this
passenger is 266 sec. and 277 sec. As per Avg. Traffic data given below in table 5 & table 6.
survey detail Converted into passenger per hour 4217 and
Volume 5 Issue 7, July 2016
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: ART2016336 873
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391
Table 6: Benefits in terms of Money
Direction Raddisson to Lavkush to Total
Lavkush(E-W) Radisson(W-E)
Due to save time
Time Saving in 63,332 65,482 1,28,814
Rs.(Per Day)
Time Saving in 2, 31, 16,334 2, 39, 01,021 4,70,17,355
Rs.(Per Annum)
Due to Low
Running Speed
Loss of fuel in 81,126 76,122 1,57,248
Rs.(Per Day)
Loss of fuel in 2, 96, 10, 990 2, 47, 84,530 5,43,95,520
Rs.(Per Annum)
Due to Delay
Loss of fuel in 2,416 3,082 5,498
Rs.(Per Day)
Loss of fuel in 8, 82,088 11, 25,209 20,07,297
Rs.(Per Annum)
Figure 3: Time and Distance Diagram Radisson Square to Total Rs.(Per 1,46,874 1,44,686 2,91,560
Lavkush Square Day)
Total Rs.(Per 5,36,09,412 4,98,10,760 10,34,20,172
Annum)
5.4 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission
Now a day‟s Global Warming is a very big problem in
front of us. One of the important causes of the Global
Warming is Emission of CO2.After applying
Synchronization fuel save up to 390 kl Petrol and 517 kl
Diesel per Annum, so emission of CO2 may be reduced by
2.29 Million Kg per Annum.The estimation of CO2 is
done by using following data:
Table 7: CO2 Emission per Litre of Fuel12
Fuel (Per Litre) CO2 Emission(Kg)
Petrol 2.3
Diesel 2.7
6. Conclusions
Based on analysis of data collected from MR-10 Road,
following conclusions have been drawn after
Synchronization
1) Signal design & synchronization have been done for
Figure 4: Time and Distance Diagram Lavkush Square to 12 intersections of MR-10 Road to minimize delay
Radisson Square which will also increase the traffic Capacity of MR-10
Road.
Table 5: Results of Synchronization 2) Journey time 266 seconds is reduced from Raddisson
E to W Time Saving W to E Time Saving Square to Lavkush Square. & Journey time 225
Before After Before After seconds is reduced from Lavkush Square to Raddisson
Journey time (sec) 910 644 962 685 Square.
Journey Speed (kmph) 33.23 46.94 31.43 44.14 3) Journey speed increases from 33.23 kmph to 46.94
Delay time (sec) 35 0 45 0 kmph i.e. 13.71 kmph increase from Raddisson Square
No of Passengers per to Lavkush Square & Journey speed increases from
4217 4187
hr 31.43 kmph to 44.14 kmph i.e. 12.71 kmph increase
Time Saving from Lavkush Square to Raddisson Square.
266 277
Sec/hr/pass
4) 390 kl petrol and 517 kl diesel per annum have been
saved & loss occurred of Rs.2.00 million/annum, 54.15
million/annum and 47.01 million/annum due to vehicle
delay, low running speed of vehicle and loss of
people‟s time respectively. CO2 emission is estimated
to reduce by 2.29 Million Kg. per Annum.
Volume 5 Issue 7, July 2016
www.ijsr.net
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: ART2016336 874
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN (Online): 2319-7064
Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391
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Author’s Profile
Gaurav Dane completed B.E. from S.V.I.T.S. Indore
in year 2012 & M.E. (Transportation Engg.)from
SGSITS, Indore in year 2015 & working as a Lecturer
in Government. Polytechnic College, Sendhwa.
H.S. Goliya completed B.E. and M.E.
(Transportation Engg.) from S.G.S.I.T.S., Indore. He
is working as an Associate Professor in S.G.S.I.T.S.,
Indore with more than 15 years of teaching
experience.
Volume 5 Issue 7, July 2016
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Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: ART2016336 875
