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Sheet 1-Fluid Definition

This document contains 8 questions regarding fluid mechanics concepts. It defines fluid viscosity and provides examples of calculating shear stress, power requirements, torque, fluid flow rates, clearance between surfaces, capillary height changes, viscosity from measurements in a cone-plate viscometer, and pressure differences due to surface tension in a water jet. The questions involve concepts like viscosity, surface tension, torque, power, flow profiles, and pressure differences.

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338 views2 pages

Sheet 1-Fluid Definition

This document contains 8 questions regarding fluid mechanics concepts. It defines fluid viscosity and provides examples of calculating shear stress, power requirements, torque, fluid flow rates, clearance between surfaces, capillary height changes, viscosity from measurements in a cone-plate viscometer, and pressure differences due to surface tension in a water jet. The questions involve concepts like viscosity, surface tension, torque, power, flow profiles, and pressure differences.

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Fluid Mechanics I Sheet No.

Fluid Definition

Q1) A layer of water flows down an inclined fixed surface with the velocity
profile shown in Fig. 1. Determine the magnitude and direction of the shearing
stress that the water exerts on the fixed surface for U=2 m/s and h=0.1 m.

Fig. 1
[Ans. 4.4×10-2 N/m2 ]
Q2) A 60-cm-wide belt moves as shown in Fig. 2. Calculate the power
requirement. The liquid is water (μ =1 x 10-3 Pa.s).
[Ans. 120 W]

Fig. 2

Q3) A 1.2 m long 25-mm diameter shafts rotates inside an equally long cylinder
that is 26-mm inside diameter. Calculate the torque required to rotate the inner
shaft at 2000 rpm. The oil filling the gap has μ = 0.29 Pa.s. Also, calculate the
horsepower required.
[Ans. 1.79 N.m, 0.5 hp]
Q4) A Newtonian fluid is in the clearance between a shaft and a concentric
sleeve. When a force of 600 N is applied to the sleeve parallel to the shaft, the
sleeve attains a speed of 1 m/s. If a 1500 N force is applied, what speed will the
sleeve attain? The temperature of the sleeve remains constant.
[Ans. 2.5 m/s]
Q5) A 25 mm diameter steel cylinder 300 mm long falls, because of its own
weight, at a uniform rate of 0.1 m/s inside a tube of slightly larger diameter. A
castor-oil film of constant thickness is between the cylinder and the tube.
Determine the clearance between the tube and the cylinder. The temperature is
38o C and the viscosity of castor-oil is 0.26 Pa.s and the specific gravity of steel
=7.85.
[Ans. 0.0582 mm]
Fluid Mechanics I Sheet No. 1

Q6) Derive an expression for the capillary


height change h for a fluid of surface tension
σ and contact angle θ between two vertical
parallel plates a distance W apart (see Fig. 3).

2σ cos θ
[Ans. h = ]
γW

Fig. 3

Q7) The device in Fig. 4 is called a cone-


plate viscometer. The angle of the cone is
very small, so that sin θ≈θ and the gap is ω
filled with the test liquid. The torque T to
rotate the cone at a rate ω is measured.
Assuming a linear velocity profile in the fluid
film, derive an expression for fluid viscosity
as a function of (T, R,ω,θ).
3𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
[Ans. 𝜇𝜇 = ]
2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 𝑅𝑅 3
Fig. 4
Q8) A 12-mm-diameter jet of water discharges vertically into the atmosphere.
Due to surface tension the pressure inside the jet will be slightly higher than the
surrounding atmospheric pressure. Determine this difference in pressure.
[Ans. 12.2 Pa]

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