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Linear Algebra - Example

The document contains examples of solving systems of linear equations using Gauss elimination method. The first example shows a consistent system being solved to get infinitely many solutions. The second example shows an inconsistent system that has no solutions. Questions are then asked to solve additional systems using Gauss elimination and test their consistency. The answers show some systems are consistent and others inconsistent, solving the consistent ones.

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Sushil G
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151 views5 pages

Linear Algebra - Example

The document contains examples of solving systems of linear equations using Gauss elimination method. The first example shows a consistent system being solved to get infinitely many solutions. The second example shows an inconsistent system that has no solutions. Questions are then asked to solve additional systems using Gauss elimination and test their consistency. The answers show some systems are consistent and others inconsistent, solving the consistent ones.

Uploaded by

Sushil G
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Example (2): Examine whether the following system of Linear Equation are

consistent. If so, solve the following system of equations using Gauss Elimination
method.
x1 - x2 + x3 = 1, 3x1 + x2 + 5x3 = 11, 4x1 + 2x2 + 7x3 = 16
-Solution,
x1 - x2 + x3 = 1,
3x1 + x2 + 5x3 = 11,
4x1 + 2x2 + 7x3 = 16
Here,
1 −1 1 x₁ 1
Let, A =[3 1 5], X =[x₂], B =[11]
4 2 7 x₃ 16
∴ AX = B
1 −1 1 x₁ 1
i.e. [3 1 5] [x₂] = [11]
4 2 7 x₃ 16
From upper triangular matrix, applying R2 →R2 - 3R1 and R3 →R3 - 4R1, we get,
1 −1 1 x₁ 1
[0 4 x₂
2] [ ] = [ 8 ]
0 6 3 x₃ 12
3
Applying R3 →R3 - R2, we get,
2

1 −1 1 x₁ 1
[0 4 x₂
2] [ ] = [8]
0 0 0 x₃ 0
Hence, we have the following equations,

x1 – x2 + x3 = 1__________ (i.)
4x2 + 2x3 = 8_________ (ii.)
0.x3 = 0________ (iii.)
Note that the equation (iii.) is true for all values of x3. Hence, we get infinitely
many solutions. Thus, if x3 = k, then,
From (ii.)
4x2 + 2x3 = 8
or, 4x2 + 2k = 8
or, 4x2 = 8-2k
4−k
∴ x2 =
2

From (i.)
4−k
x1 - +k=1
2
4−k
or, x1 = 1 + –k
2
2+4−k−2k
or, x1 =
2
6−3k
∴ x1 =
2

The given system of Linear equations are consistent because they have infinitely
have many solutions as,
6−3k 4−k
x1 = , x2 = , x3 = k
2 2
6−3k 4−k
∴ (x1, x2, x3) = ( , , k)
2 2

Example (3): Solve the following system of equation using Gauss Elimination
method if possible
x1 - 2x2 + 3x3 = 4, 4x1 + 5x2 + 6x3 = -7, 7x1 + 8x2 + 9x3 = 10
-Solution,
x1 - 2x2 + 3x3 = 4,
4x1 + 5x2 + 6x3 = -7,
7x1 + 8x2 + 9x3 = 10
Let AX = B_______ (i.); where,
1 2 3 x₁ 4
A =[4 5 x₂
6], X =[ ], B =[−7]
7 8 9 x₃ 10
-now, From (i.), AX = B
1 2 3 x₁ 4
[4 5 6] x₂
[ ] = [−7]
7 8 9 x₃ 10
From upper triangular matrix, applying R2 →R2 - 4R1 and R3 →R3 - 7R1, we get,
1 2 3 x₁ 4
[0 −3 −6 ] x₂
[ ] = [−23]
0 −6 −12 x₃ −18
Applying R3 →R3 - 2R2, we get,
1 2 3 x₁ 4
[0 −3 −6] [x₂] = [−23]
0 0 0 x₃ 28
Hence,
the system of linear equations are,

x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 4__________ (i.)


-3x2 - 6x3 = -23_______ (ii.)
0.x3 = 28______ (iii.)
Here, no values of x3 satisfy the equation (iv.) and therefore above system of
equation has no solution.
Hence, the given system of equations are inconsistent.

Questions:
1. Solve the following systems of equations using Gauss Elimination method.
Also test the consistency or inconsistency of the equations.
a. x + 3y – 2z = 0, 2x – 3y + z = 1, 4x – 3y +z = 3
b. x + 3y – z = -2, 3x + 2y – z = 3, -6x – 4y – 2z = 18
c. 2x – 3y + 3z = 27, 4x + y – 2z = 0, -6x – 4y + 2z = 0
1
d. 3x + 2y – z = 1, 2x – 2y + 4z = -2, -x + y – z = 0
2

2. Examine whether the following system of equations are consistent. If so, solve
the following system of equations.
a. x + 3y + 4z = 8, 2x + y + 2z = 5, 5x + 2z = 7
b. x1 + x2 + x3 = -3, 3x1 + x2 – 2x3 = -2, 2x1 + 4x2 + 7x3 = 7

Answers:
1.
a. (x, y, z) = (1, 1, 2)
b. (x, y, z) = (1, -3, -6)
c. (x, y, z) = (3, -2, 5)
d. (x, y, z) = (1, -2, -2)

2.
7−2k 11−6k
a. consistent, (x, y, z) = ( , , k)
5 5
b. Inconsistent.

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