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802.11 Distributed Coordination Function

The document discusses the 802.11 distributed coordination function and how it addresses the hidden station and exposed station problems using RTS/CTS. It explains that RTS and CTS are control frames used to check availability before transmission. It also describes the network allocation vector used for virtual carrier sensing and shows diagrams of the 4-way handshake with and without RTS/CTS. Finally, it mentions simulating the hidden station problem in ns-3 and observing improved performance with RTS/CTS enabled.

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60 views12 pages

802.11 Distributed Coordination Function

The document discusses the 802.11 distributed coordination function and how it addresses the hidden station and exposed station problems using RTS/CTS. It explains that RTS and CTS are control frames used to check availability before transmission. It also describes the network allocation vector used for virtual carrier sensing and shows diagrams of the 4-way handshake with and without RTS/CTS. Finally, it mentions simulating the hidden station problem in ns-3 and observing improved performance with RTS/CTS enabled.

Uploaded by

abhishek4vishwakar-1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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802.

11 Distributed
Coordination Function

Mohit P. Tahiliani
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering,
NITK Surathkal
Overview
802.11 uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access
Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)

➔ Hidden Station Problem

➔ RTS/CTS Solution

➔ Exposed Station Problem

2
Hidden Station Problem

3
Image Credits: Google Images
Request To
Send (RTS)

RTS is a ‘Control Frame’ which is transmitted by ‘A’ to check whether ‘B’ is


available to communicate
4
Clear To
Send (CTS)

CTS is a ‘Control Frame’ which is sent by ‘B’ to ‘A’ if it is available to


communicate
5
Network
Allocation
Vector (NAV)

Virtual Carrier Sensing mechanism. A counter which counts down to zero at a


uniform rate. ‘Duration’ field in the frame header carries this information for the
nearby stations 6
4 way handshake in 802.11 DCF

7
Image Credits: Google Images
802.11 DCF algorithm without RTS/CTS

8
Image Credits: Google Images
802.11 DCF algorithm with RTS/CTS

9
Image Credits: Google Images
Exposed Station Problem

10
Image Credits: Google Images
Summary

11
Image Credits: Google Images
Simulating hidden station problem in ns-3
Example program: examples/wireless/wifi-hidden-terminal.cc

● Runs twice; once with RTS/CTS enabled and then disabled

● Run the experiment and observe the number of packets received and

throughput of the flows.

12

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