North South University
ETE 321 – Spring 2010
Instructor: Nahid Rahman
Assignment #1
Total Marks: 100 Worth: 7.5%
1. Consider the sinusoidally modulated DSB
DSB-LC
LC signal shown below. The carrier frequency is
ωc and the message signal frequency is ωm. [Total: 20 Marks]
(a) Determine the modulation index m. [3 Marks]
(b) Write an expression for the modulated signal φ(t). [3 Marks]
(c) Derive time domain expressions for the upper and lower sidebands. [4 Marks]
(d) Determine the total average power of the modulated
modulated signal , the carrier power and the
two sidebands. [4 Marks]
(e) Assuming that the message signal is a voltage signal, calculate the PEP (Peak Envelop
Power) across a 100
100Ω load. [3 Marks]
(f) Determine the modulation efficiency µ. [3 Marks]
2. A DSB-SC
SC modulated signal can be generated by multiplying the message signal with a
periodic pulse generator and passing the resultant signal through
through a band
band-pass filter. [Total:
15 Marks]
݂ሺݐሻ = 2 cos 200ߨ ݐ+ cos 600ߨݐ
1 2 ∞ (−1)
݊−1
݃ܶ (= )ݐ + ;݊=1 cos (߱ܿ (ݐ2݊ − 1))
2 ߨ 2݊ − 1
(a) Find the DSB-SC signal component in V(t). [4 Marks]
(b) Specify the unwanted components in V(t) that need to be removed by a BPF of suitable
design. [2 Marks]
(c) Assume the carrier frequency is 500 Hz. Sketch the spectral density of the resulting
DSB-SC waveform. [5 Marks]
(d) In the sketch for Part (c), specify lower and upper sidebands. [4 Marks]
3. Let f(t) be a real signal. The transmitter transmits the following modulated signal
߮ሺݐሻ = ݂ሺݐሻ cosሺ߱ ݐሻ + ݂መሺݐሻ sinሺ߱ ݐሻ
Where ݂A ( )ݐis the Hilbert transform of f(t). [Total: 10 Marks]
(a) Explain that the modulated signal is a lower sideband SSB signal using an example of
݂ሺݐሻ = ܽ cos ߱ ݐ. [5 Marks]
(b) Determine the frequency of the modulated signal. [5 Marks]
4. An SSB signal is generated by modulating an fc = 1 MHz carrier by the message signal
݂ሺݐሻ = 2 cosሺ2000πtሻ + cos (4000πt). The amplitude of the carrier signal is Ac = 1. [Total:
15 Marks]
(a) Determine the Hilbert transform of f(t). [3 Marks]
(b) Determine the time domain expression of the lower SSB and upper SSB signals. [4
Marks]
(c) Sketch the magnitude spectrum of the lower SSB. [3 Marks]
(d) The coherent detection of the lower SSB signal consists of multiplying the received
modulated signal by cos(߱ܿ )ݐfollowed by a low pass filter. If the local (receiver)
oscillator generates a phase error δ (i.e. the message signal is now multiplied by
cos(߱ܿ ݐ+ ߜ), write the expression at the output of the low-pass filter and discuss how
the phase error will affect the demodulated signal. [5 Marks]
5. A given DSB-LC transmitter develops an unmodulated power output of 1 KW across a 50-
ohm resistive load. When a sinusoidal test tone with a peak amplitude of 5.0 V is applied to
the input of the modulator, it is found that the spectral line for each sideband in the
magnitude spectrum for the output is 40% of the carrier line. Determine the following
quantities in the output signal: [Total: 20 Marks]
(a) The modulation index. [4 marks]
(b) The peak amplitude of the lower sideband. [4 Marks]
(c) The ratio of total sideband power to carrier power. [4 Marks]
(d) The total power of output. [4 Marks]
(e) The total average power in the output if the peak amplitude of the modulation sinusoid
is reduced to 4.0 V. [4 Marks]
6. Suppose that a message signal f(x) has bandwidth B Hz. If f(x) is modulated by one of the
modulation schemes DSB-SC or SSB or VSB, then for demodulation, the receiver must
generate a (local) carrier in phase and frequency synchronous with the incoming carrier.
(This is referred to as synchronous or coherent demodulation.) [Total: 20 Marks]
(a) Draw a block diagram for the demodulator. [5 Marks]
(b) Assume that there is a frequency error in the local carrier (the phase is correctly
estimated). Give the expression of the Fourier transform of the output of the
demodulator for the case of DSB-SC modulation, sketch the spectrum of the
output signal, and compare it with the spectrum of the original signal ( you may
assume an arbitrary shape of F (w)). [5 Marks]
(c) Repeat (b) for the case of SSB-SC modulation (you may do so by choosing either
upper SSB or lower SSB). [5 Marks]
(d) Suppose that you are an engineer who responds to design a modulation system
for a coarse environment in which it is difficult to generate a local carrier in
frequency synchronous with the incoming carrier during some period of
transmission. Which modulation system would you like to recommend, DSB-SC
or SSB? Justify your answer. [5 Marks]
