CNC MACHINES ILLUSTRAION
CNC MILLING and LATHE MACHINE INSTRUCTION MANUALS
A. KEY DESCRIPTION
i) Function keys: these keys are located on the digitizer overlay to input, delete
and alter the part programs.
ii) Address and Numeric keys: these keys are the collection of letters, numbers
and symbols for writing part program in to the machine. With the shift key
you can select the second key function.
iii) Machine control keys: they are in the lower block of the digitizer overlay.
Depending on the used machine and accessories not all functions may be
active.
B. BASICS
Machine zero point (M)
Unchangeable reference point
Established by the manufacturer
Origin of the coordinate system
Reference point (R)
A position in the machine working area
Maximum travel of the machine
Determined exactly by limit switches
Required after every power failure
Work piece zero point (w)
Starting point for the dimensions in the part program
Freely established by the part programmer
Moved as desired with in the part program
Zero offset
It is shifting the coordinate system from the machine zero point to a suitable point
in the working area of the machine (especially work piece zero point).
The machine zero point is unsuitable as a starting point for dimensioning.
The coordinate zero point will be shifted from the machine zero M to work piece
zero W.
The value of the offset will be considered with call up in program (G54-G57).
Coordinate system (Right-Hand-rule)
The X-coordinate lies in the direction of the longitudinal slide
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The Y-coordinate lies in the direction of the cross slide
The Z-coordinate lies in the direction of vertical slide
Input of the zero offset
Touch the work piece with the master tool in all axes directions and record the reading.
Four zero offset can be entered for four different clamping device
Press the soft key SETTING DATA in any mode
Press the soft key zero offset
The screen shows G54-G57,so select one.
Z0 Additive-correction will be added
Tool data measuring
The CNC use tool tip for positioning, not the tool mount reference point.
Every tool which is used for machining has to be measured.
The distances in both axis directions between tool mount reference point and tool
tip are to be measured.
Every tool offset number D1-D99 is related to a tool.
Example: tool call in program: - T4D41
4-toot turret station
41-the tool correction is stored at
T-the position in the tool turret
D-the correction number belonging to the tool
-the tool offset number
Input of the tool data
Measure every parameters of a tool.
Select the soft key TOOL OFFSET in any mode.
Select the tool offset number (D----) using page button.
C. OPERATING SEQUENCE
Survey modes
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JOG Mode:-the tool/slide can be traversed manually.
MDI-AUTOMATIC:-you can enter blocks of a part program in the
intermediate store.
AUTOMATIC:-for working off a part program the control calls up block
and interprets.
REFPOINT: - this mode is used to approach the reference point.
Approach the Reference point
By approaching the reference point the control will be synchronized with the
machine.
Select the REFPOINT mode
Press the keys: +Z/-Z, +Y/-Y, +X/-X respectively.
Input of part programs
Part program can be entered in any modes
JOG
AUTOMATIC
REFPOINT
Example: -input of a block: N05 G01 X30
N05------> block number
G01------> word
X30------> word
Program run
Start of a part program
Before starting a part program the control and the machine must be ready for
running the program.
Select AUTOMATIC mode
Turn on automatic key
Enter the part program number to be machined, e.g. %79
Press the AUTOMATIC RUN key
Graphic simulation
Nc programs can be simulated graphically
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Press PART PROGRAM then EDIT soft keys
Start simulation with soft key SIMULATION
D. PROGRAMMING
Program structure
The CNC program is a sequence of program blocks which are stored in the
control.
With machining of work pieces these blocks will be read and checked by the
computer in the programmed order.
The corresponding control signal will be sent to the machine.
The CNc program consists of:
Program number
CNC blocks
Words
Address
Number combinations
Example:
%1234 -----------------------------------> Program number
N010 G01 X15 Y5 Z-17------------- > CNC block
Z-17 -------------------------------------> Word
Z -------------------------------------> Address
-17 -------------------------------------> Number (with sign)
CNC Milling Exercise Part Programs
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//These CNC codes /part programs/ are functional if it runs in CNC Milling machine of
sinumerik controller.
%1040 Sequence of operations
N00G55G71G90G94 -facing
N02G00Z10 -border cutting
N04M06T05D05 -make the slots
N06M03S1000
N08G00Y-22X10Z3 Cutting Tools
N10G01Z-1F120 40 dia. facing cutter
N12Y40 8 dia. end mill cutter
N14X40
N16Y10
N18G00Z10
N20M06T03D03
N22M03S1200
N24G00X2Y-2Z3
N26G01Z-5F100
N28Y48
N30X48
N32Y2
N34X0
N36G00Z10
N38G00X15Y15
N40G01Z-5
N42X35
N44G00Z10
N46G00X15Y35
N48G01Z-5
N50X35
N52G00Z10
N54M05
N56M30
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%1020 Sequence of operations
N00G54G71G90G94 -facing
N02G00Z10 -circle cutting
N04M06T05D05 -make the slots
N06M03S1000
N08G00X-22Y10Z3
N10G01Z-1F120 Cutting Tools
N12X10 40 dia. facing cutter
N14Y40 8 dia. end mill cutter
N16X0
N18G00Z10
N20M06T03D03
N22M03S1400
N24G00X6Y25
N26G01Z-4F100
N28G02X25Y44U19
N30X44Y25U19
N32X25Y6U19
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N34X6Y25U19
N36G00Z5
N38Y32X7.33
N40GO1Z-4F120
N42X42.66
N44G00Z5
N46Y18X7.33
N48G01Z-4
N50X42.66
N52G00Z10
N54M05
N56M30
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% 1030 Sequence of operations
N00 G90 G94 G71 G55 -facing
N02 G00 X10 Y10 Z20 -chamfering
N04 M06 T02 D02 -pocket cutting
N06 M03 S1200 F80
N08 G00 X-22.5 Y22.5 Cutting Tools
N10 G42 G01 Z-3 40 dia. facing cutter
N12 X22.5 angle cutter (45 deg.)
N14 Y-22.5 8 dia. end mill cutter
N16 X-22.5
N18 Y22.5
N20 G00 G40 Z20
N22 M06 T03 D03
N24 G00 X-12 Y0Z3
N26 G01 Z-6
N28 Y11
N30 G02 X-14 Y12 U1
N32 G01 X11
N34 G02 X12Y11 U1
N36 G01 Y-11
N38 G02 X11 Y-12 U1
N40 G01 X-11
N42 G02 X-12Y-11U1
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N44 G01 Y0
N46 X-6
N48 Y6
N50 Y-6
N52 X0
N54 Y6
N56 X6
N58 Y-6
N60 G00 Z10
N62 M05
N64 M30
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%3000
N00 G90 G95 G71 G55 N62 G01 X30 Y-1.5 sequence of operations
N02 G00 X10Y10Z10 N64 X44.15 -facing
N66 Y5.85 X51.5 -border cutting
N04 M06 T05D05
N68 Y20 -make profile
N06 G00 X-22 Y10
N69 X47.5
N08 M03 S1000 F0.3
N70 G02 X42.5 Y25 U5 Cutting Tools
N10 G01 Z-1
N72 G02 X47.5 Y30 U5 40 dia. facing cutter
N12 X40
N74 G01 Y20 8 dia.end mill cutter
N14 Y 40
N76 G01 X51.5
N16 X-25
N78 Y44.15
N18 G00 Z10
N80 X44.15 Y51.5
N20 M06 T03 D03
N82 X31
N22 G00 X0 Y-1.5
N84 Y40
N24 M03 S1300 F0.4
N86 G02 Y39X30 U1
N26 G01 Z-6
N88 G01 X20
N28 X51.5
N90 G02 Y40 X19 U1
N30 Y51.5
N92 G01 Y51.5
N32 X-1.5
N94 X25
N34 Y0
N96 Y40
N36 G00 Z10
N98 X20 Y51.5
N38 G00 X-1.5 Y10
N100 X5.85
N40 G01 Z-6
N102 X-1.5 Y44.15
N42 Y5.85 X-1.5
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N44 X5.85 Y-1.5 N104 Y30
N46 X19 N105 X2.5
N48 Y10 N106 G02X7.5Y25U5
N50 G02 X20 Y11 U1 N108 G02X2.5Y20U5
N52 G01 X30 N110 G01 Y30
N54 G02 X31 Y10 U1 N112 X-1-5
N56 G01 Y-1.5 N114 Y0
N58 G01 X25 N116 G00 Z10
N60 Y10 N118 M05
N120 M30
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CNC Lathe Exercise Part Programs
//These CNC codes /part programs/ are functional if it runs in CNC Turning machine of
sinumerik controller.
%1101
N00 G95 G90 G71 G55 N78 G01 Z-20 sequence of operations
N03 G00 X60 Z20 N80 G00 X3473 -facing
N05 M06 T01 D01 N83 X30 -turning
N08 G00 X50 Z-0.5 N85 G01 Z-20 -chamfering
N10 M04 S1000 F0.2 N88 G00 X3273 -drilling
N13 G01 X-1 N90 G01 X28Z0 -boring
N15 G00 X 48 Z3 N93 G01 X30 Z-1
N18 G01 Z-30 N95 G00 X50 Z10 Cutting Tools
N20 G00 X50 Z+3 N98 M06 T06D06 lathe turning tool
N23 X46 N100 M03 S500 8 dia. drilling tool
N25 G01 Z-30 N103 G00 X0 Z5 boring tool
N28 G00 X48Z3 N105 G01 Z-10
N30 X44 N108 Z20
N33 G01 Z-30 N110 G00 X50
N35 G00 X46Z3 N113 M06 T04 D04
N38 X42 N115 G00 X9 Z5
N40 G01 Z-30 N118 G01 Z-6
N43 G00 X44Z3 N120 G00 X7 Z5
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N45X40 N123 X10
N48 G01 Z-30 N125 G01 Z-6
N50 G00 X42Z3 N128 G00 X8Z5
N53 X38 N130 X11
N55 G01 Z-20 N133 G01Z-6
N58 G00 X4073 N135 G00 X9Z5
N60 X36 N138 X12
N63 G01 Z-20 N140 G01 Z-6
N65 G00 X3873 N143 G00 X10 Z5
N68 X34 N145 G00 X60 Z30
N70 G01 Z-20 N148 M05
N73 G00 X36Z-3 N150 M30
N75 X32
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CNC Lathe Thread cutting part program
Cutter approach (A) = (RPM x Lead x 0.006) +X tanβ where: X is depth of cut per pass
= 400x2x0.006x0.4x tan45 β is thread angle
= 4.2+0.4 lead is pitch (k)
= 4.6mm
So I need five pass to finish the thread, i.e. (0.4x5=2.0)
%1304
N00 G95 G90 G71 G55 N78 M06 T05 D05 sequence of operations
N03 G00 X60 Z20 N80 M04 S400 -facing
N05 M06 T01 D01 N82 G00 X36 Z10 -turning
N08 G00 X50 Z-0.5 N84 G00 X33.6 Z4.6 -threading
N10 M04 S1000 F0.2 N86 G33 X33.6 Z-25 K2 -drilling
N13 G01 X-1 N88 G00 X36 Z4.6 -chamfering
N15 G00 X48 Z3 N90 X33.2
N18 G01 Z-36 N92 G33 X33.2 Z- 25 K2 Cutting Tools
N20 G00 X50 Z3 N94 G00 X36 Z4.6 Lathe turning tool (T01)
N23 X46 N96 X32.8 8ф drilling tool (T06)
N25 G01 Z-36 N98 G33 X32.8 Z-25 K2 Threading tool (T05)
N28 G00 X48 Z3 N100 G00 X36 Z4.6
N30 X44 N102 X32.4
N33 G01 Z-36 N104 G33 X32.4 Z-25 K2
N35 G00 X46 Z3 N106 G00 X36 Z4.6
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N38 X42 N108 X32.0
N40 G01 Z-36 N110 G33 X32.0 Z-25 K2
N43 G00 X44 Z3 N112 G00 X36 Z10
N45X40 N114 G00 X60 Z30
N48 G01 Z-36 N116 M06 T06 D06
N50 G00 X42 Z3 N118 M03 S500
N53 X38 N120 G00 X0 Z5
N55 G01 Z-36 N122 G01 Z-10
N58 G00 X40 Z3 N124 Z20
N60 X36 N126 G00 X50 Z30
N63 G01 Z-36 N128 M05
N65 G00 X38 Z3 N130 M30
N68 X34
N70 G01 Z-36
N73 G00 X36 Z3
N75 G00 X60 Z30
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