3.

Rationalisation
Exercise 3.1

1. Question

Simplify each of the following :

(i) (ii)

Answer

(i)

(ii)

2. Question

Simplify the following expressions :

(i) (4+ ) (3+ )

(ii) (3+ ) (5 - )

(iii) ( -2)

Answer

(i)

(ii)

=
=

(iii)

3. Question

Simplify the following expressions :

(i) (11+ ) (11- )

(ii) (5+ ) (5- )

(iii)

(iv) (3+ ) (3- )

(v)

Answer

(i)

Because

= 121 - 11 = 110

(ii)

= 25 – 7 = 18

(iii)

=8–2=6

(iv)

=9–3=6

(v)

=5–2=3

4. Question
Simplify the following expressions:

(i) (ii) (iii)

Answer

(i)

Because:

(ii)

(iii)

Exercise 3.2

1. Question

Rationalise the denominator of each of the following (i-vii) :

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii)

Answer

(i) As there is √5 in the denominator and we know that √5 x √5 = 5

So, multiply numerator and denominator by √5,

(ii)
(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

(vii)

2. Question

Find the value to three places of decimals of each of the following. It is given that

= 1.414, = 1.732, =2.236 and = 3.162.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(v) (vi)

Answer

(i) Given that √2 = 1.414, √3=1.732, √5 = 2.236 and √10= 3.162

So we have,

Rationalising factor of denominator is √3

(ii) we have rationalisation factor of denominator is √10

(iii) we have rationalisation factor of denominator is √2

(iv) we have rationalisation factor of denominator is √2

(v) We have

=
(vi) We have rationalising factor of denominator is √5

3. Question

Express each one of the following with rational denominator:

(i) (ii) (iii)

(iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix)

Answer

(i) we have rationalizing factor of the denominator is 3-√2

(ii) we have rationalizing factor of the denominator is

=
(iii) we have rationalizing factor of the denominator is

(iv) we have to rationalize factor of

(v) we have to rationalize factor of

(vi) we have to rationalize factor of

Because;

(viii) we have to rationalize factor of

(ix) we have to rationalize factor of

Rationalies the denominator and simplify :

(i) (ii) (iii)

(iv) (v)

(vi)

Answer

i)

ii)

iii)

iv)

v)

vi)

5. Question

Simplify :

(i) (ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

Answer

i)
ii)

iii) rationalising factors of denominators are

(iv)

Rationalising factor for

For and

For
(v)

Rationalising factors for denominators are,

For

For and

For

6. Question

In each of the following determine rational numbers a and b.

(i) = a-b (ii) = a-

(iii) = a+b (iv) =a+b

(v) = a-b

(vi) =a+b
Answer

(i)

Given,

Rationalising factor for denominator is

On equating rational and irrational parts,

We get a = 2 and b = 1

(ii) rationalising factor for the denominator is

We have

On equating rational and irrational parts we get,

a=3 and b=2

(iii)
Rationalising factor for the denominator is

On equating rational and irrational parts we get,

(iv) given,

Rationalising factor for denominator is

We have

On equating rational and irrational parts we get,

a= -1 and b=1

(v) given,
We have

On equating rational and irrational parts we get

(vi) given,

We have

On equating rational and irrational parts we have,

7. Question
If x = 2+ , find the value of x3 + .

Answer

Given and given to find the value of

We have

We know that ,
By putting we get

The value of is 52.

8. Question

If x = 3+ , find the value of x2+ .

Answer

Given that

And given to find the value of

We have

The rationalising factor for denominator is

Also,

We know that,
= 36 - 2 = 34

The value of is 34.

9. Question

Find the value of , it being given that = 1.732 and =2.236

Answer

Rationalising factor for the denominator is

We have

= 3(3.968)

= 11.904

10. Question

Find the values of each of the following correct to three places of decimals, it being given that =
1.414, = 1.732, =2.236, = 2.4495 and = 3.162.

(i) (ii)

Answer

(i) We have rationalising factor for denominator is

=
We have

(ii) by putting the value of in the equation we get,

11. Question

If x = , find the value of 4x3+2x2-8x+7.

Answer

Given and given to find the value of

Squaring on both the sides we get,

The value of is 10.

CCE - Formative Assessment

1. Question

Write the value of (2+ ) (2- ).

Answer

(2+√3) (2-√3)

= (2)2 - (√3)2 [(a+b) (a-b) = a2 –b2 ]

= 4 – 3 = 1.

2. Question

Write the reciprocal of 5 + .

Answer

Reciprocal of 5 + √2 = 1/ (5 + √2)

3. Question

Write the rationalisation factor of 7-3 .

Answer

Rationalizing factor of 7- 3√5

=
4. Question

If = x+y , find the values of x and y.

Answer

Given,

So, x= 2 , y = -1

5. Question

If x = -1, then write the value of .

Answer

Given . x = √2-1

6. Question

Simplify .

Answer

Consider ,

As we know,(a+b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab

7. Question

Simplify .

Answer
√(3-2√2) = √ (√2)2 + (1)2 - 2× √2×1 = √ (√2 – 1 )2 = √2- 1.

8. Question

If a = +1, then find the value of a - .

Answer

Given , a = √2 +1

9. Question

If x = 2+ , find the value of x + .

Answer

Given, x = 2+√3

10. Question

Write the rationalisation factor of -2.

Answer

Rationalizing factor of √5 – 2

11. Question

If x = 3 + 2 , then find the value of .

Answer

Given x = 3+ 2√2

)2

=
So, √x – 1 /√x = √2+1 – ( √2- 1)

= 1 + 1 = 2.

1. Question

is equal to

A. 5

B. 6

C.

D.

Answer

√10 × √15 =( √5×√2) × ( √5×√3)

= 5 (√6)

2. Question

is equal to

A.

B.

C.

D.

Answer

5√6 × 5√6 = (6)1/5 × (6)1/5 = (36)1/5

= 5√36

3. Question

The rationalisation factor of is

A. -

B.

C. 2

D. -2

Answer

Rationalisation factor of √3 = 1/√3

4. Question
The rationalisation factor of 2+ is

A. 2-

B. 2+

C. -3

D. -2

Answer

Rationalisation factor of 2+√3 = 1/2+√3 = 2-√3

5. Question

If x = +2, then x - equals

A. 2

B. 4

C. 2

D.

Answer

Given x = √5+2

−2

= √5 + 2 – ( √5 – 2) = 4

6. Question

If =a–b , then

A. a = 2, b = 1

B. a = 2, b = -1

C. a = -2, b = 1

D. a = b = 1

Answer

Given

So, a = 2 , b = 1.
7. Question

The simplest rationalising of is

A.

B.

C.

D. none of these

Answer

3√(125×4) = 5×3√4

8. Question

The simplest rationalising factor of + is

A. -5

B. 3-

C.

D.

Answer

Simplest rationalizing factor of √3 + √5

1/ (√3+√5) = √3-√5

9. Question

The simplest rationalising factor of 2√5 - √3 is

A. 2 +3

B. 2 +

C.

D.

Answer

Simplest rationalizing factor of 2√5 - √3

= 1/(2√5 - √3)

= 2√5 + √3

10. Question

If x = , then (x-3)2 =
A. 1

B. 3

C. 6

D. 7

Answer

Given X = 2/(3+√7)

= (x -3 )2 = ( 3 - √7 -3 )2 = √72 = 7

11. Question

If x = 7+4 and xy=1, then =

A. 64

B. 134

C. 194

D. 1/49

Answer

Given . x = 7+4√3 , xy = 1

Y = 1/x = 1/7+ 4√3 = 7-4√3

Y2 = 1/x2 = 49 + 48 - 56√3 = 97 - 56√3

Similarly, x = 1/y

= x2 = 1/y2 = ( 7 +4√3)2 = 49 + 48 + 56√3 = 97+ 56√3

So, 1/x2 + 1/y2 = 97 + 56√3 + 97 – 56√3 = 194

12. Question

If x + = 4, then x+ =

A. 2

B. 4

C. 8

D. 1

Answer

Given x +√15 = 4
X = 4 - √15

1/x = 1/(4 - √15) = (4 + √15) / 16 -15 = 4 + √15

So, x + 1/x = 4 - √15 + 4+√15 = 8

13. Question

If x = , then x3 + =

A. 2

B. 4

C. 8

D. 9

Answer

Given x =

= x3 = 2 + √3

Similarly, 1/x3 = 2 - √3

X3 + 1/x3 = 2+ √3 + 2 - √3 = 4.

14. Question

If x = and y = , then x + y + xy =

A. 9

B. 5

C. 17

D. 7

Answer

Given x = √5 +√3 / √5 - √3 , y =√5 - √3 / √5 + √3

X=

Y=

Xy = 42 - √152 = 16 – 15 = 1

So,

X + y+ xy = 4+√15 + 4 - √15 + 1 = 9.

15. Question
If x = and y = , then x2 + xy + y2 =

A. 101

B. 99

C. 98

D. 102

Answer

Given x = ,y=

X= 5 – 2√6

X2 = (5 – 2√6)2 = 25 +24 -20√6) = 49 – 20√6

Similarily y = = 5 + 2√6

Y2 = (5 + 2√6 )2 = 49 + 20√6

Xy = (5- 2√6) ( 5 + 2√6) = 25 – 24 = 1

So, x2+ xy+y2 = 49 – 20√6 +1 + 49 + 20√6 = 99.

16. Question

The value of is

A. -1

B. +1

C. -

D. +

Answer

( try to break the terms in form of (a+b)2 or (a – b )2 )

√(√2)2+ 12 – 2 ×√2×1) = √(√2-1)2 = √2 – 1 .

17. Question

The value of is

A. -
B. +

C. +

D. none of these

Answer

( try to break the terms in form of (a+b)2 or (a – b )2 )

√(√2)2+ 12 – 2 ×√2×1) = √(√2-1)2 = √2 – 1 .

18. Question

If =1.4142, then is equal to

A. 0.1718

B. 5.8282

C. 0.4142

D. 2.4142

Answer

Given √2 = 1.4142

√(√2-1)/√2+1) = √(√2-1)2 = √2 – 1 = 1.4142 – 1 = 0 .4142

19. Question

If =1.414, then the value of upto three place of decimal is

A. 0.235

B. 0.707

C. 1.414

D. 0.471

Answer

Given , √2 = 1.414

√6 - √3 = √2 × √3 - √3 = √3(√2 - 1) = 1.732 (1.414 – 1) = 1.732 × 0.414 = 0.707

20. Question

The positive square of 7 + is

A. 7 + 2
B. 7+

C. 2+

D. 3+

Answer

7 + √48

= 7 + √(16×3) = 7 + 4√3 ( try to break it in form of (a+b)2)

= (2)2 + (√3)2 + 2×2×√3 = (2+√3)2 = (2+√3) (2+√3).

21. Question

is equal to

A. 3 + 2

B.

C. 3-2

D. -

Answer

1/ √9-√8

= 1/(√9 - √8) × (√9 + √8) / (√9+√8)

= √9 + √8 = 3 + 2√2

22. Question

The value of is

A.

B. 4

C. 3

D.

Answer

√48 + √32 / √27 + √18

= 4√3 + 4√2 / 3√3 + 3√2 = (4√3+4√2)/(3√3+3√2) × (3√3- 3√2)/ (3√3-3√2)

=( 36 + 12√6 – 12√6 -24) / (27-18) = 12/9 = 4/3

If x = , then x2 + -2 =

A. 2

B. 2

C. 24

D. 20

Answer

Given x= √6 + √5

X2 = 11 + 2√11

1/x2 = 11- 2√11

So, x2 + 1/x2 – 2 = 11+ 2√11 + 11 – 2√11 -2 = 22-2 = 20.

24. Question

If , then a =

A. -5

B. -6

C. -4

D. -2

Answer

√(13-a√10) =√8 +√5

Squaring both side,..

= 13 – a√10 = 8 + 5 + 2×√8×√5

= 13 – a√10 = 13 + 2√40

= - a√10 = 4√10

= a = -4

25. Question

If = = x+y , then

A. x = 13, y = -7

B. x = -13, y = 7

C. x = -13, y = -7
D. x = 13, y = 7

Answer

5 - √3/ 2+√3 = x + y√3

= ( 5-√3) / (2+ √3) × (2 -√3) / (2 -√3)

= (10 – 5√3 – 2√3 +3)/ (4-3)

= 10 – 7√3 +3

= 13 – 7√3 = x + y√3

So , x= 13 , y = -7