FEMII_LAB_Buckling_analysis_v2.
doc
LINEAR BUCKLING ANALYSIS
1. INTRODUCTION
Linear buckling (also called as Eigenvalue buckling) analysis predicts the theoretical buckling
strength of an ideal elastic structure. This method corresponds to the textbook approach to elastic
buckling analysis: for instance, an eigenvalue buckling analysis of a column will match the classical
Euler solution. However, imperfections and nonlinearities prevent most real-world structures from
achieving their theoretical elastic buckling strength. Thus, linear buckling analysis often yields quick
but non-conservative results.
Fig.1. (a) Ninlinear load-deflection curve, (b) Linear (Eigevalue) buckling curve
A more accurate approach to predicting instability is to perform a nonlinear buckling analysis.
This involves a static structural analysis with large deflection effects turned on. A gradually increasing
load is applied in this analysis to seek the load level at which your structure becomes unstable. Using
the nonlinear technique, your model can include features such as initial imperfections, plastic
behavior, gaps, and large-deflection response. In addition, using deflection-controlled loading, you can
even track the post-buckled performance of your structure (which can be useful in cases where the
structure buckles into a stable configuration, such as "snap-through" buckling of a shallow dome).
a) b)
Fig. 2. Relation between the load N, and deflection w for :
a) compressed thin plate with pin supported edges, b) for thin walled cylinder
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Description of the Analysis
This analysis type is for bifurcation buckling using a linearized model of elastic stability.
Bifurcation buckling refers to the unbounded growth of a new deformation pattern. A linear structure
with a force-deflection curve similar to Fig.2(a) is well modeled by a linear buckling
(ANTYPE,BUCKLE) analysis, whereas a structure with a curve like Fig.2(b) is not (a large deflection
analysis (NLGEOM,ON) is appropriate). The buckling problem is formulated as an eigenvalue
problem.
K q = λ Kσ q, (1)
where: K stiffness matrix, Kσ– stress stiffness matrix, q – ith eigenvector of displacements,
λ– ith eigenvalue (used to multiply the loads which generated Kσ ).
The analysis is conducted in two steps:
1) Static structural analysis for the given load: K q = P (stress stiffness matrix Kσ is calculated)
2) Eigenvalue buckling problem [1] is solved to find λ and q,
Thus, the stresses (when output) may only be interpreted as a relative distribution of stresses.
By default, the Block Lanczos method finds buckling modes in the range of 0.0 to positive
infinity.
When using the Block Lanczos method in a buckling analysis, we recommend that you request an
additional few modes beyond what is needed in order to enhance the accuracy of the final solution.
2. BUCKLING OF A PLATE
Find eigenvalues (λ) and buckling modes (q) of the compressed rectangular plate having pin supported
edges.
Data: a= 885mm, b= 302mm, h = 2.5mm,
Young modulus E=70000 MPa, Poisson’s ratio ν=0.33
b nx
nx
h
x
Rys. 3. The compressed rectangular plate having pin supported edges
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Fig 4. k coefficient for the compressed rectangular plate having pin supported edges (analytical solution)
The critical stress given by analytical formulae [2]:
π2
Eh 2
σ kr = k . (2)
12(1 − ν 2 ) b 2
In this problem we have a/b=2.93 then k = 4 (Fig. 4), and critical stress σ kr = 17,7 MPa .
The FE solution is presented in Fig. 5b.
U SUB =1
PRES-NORM FREQ=1.787
25 UZ (AVG)
RSYS=0
DMX =.054422
SMN =-.054377
SMX =.054422
PRES-NORM
25
MN
Y Y Y MX
Z X Z X Z X
(a) (b)
Fig. 5. The compressed rectangular plate having pin supported edges:
a) FE model and applied load (10MPa*2.5mm=25N/mm)
b) Buckling mode shape for the critical load of 17.87MPa (10MPa*1.787) λ=1.787
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3. NUMERICAL SOLUTION
3.1. PREPROCESSOR
a) Create a rectangle
b) Select the shell element
c) Input the material properties and the thickness of the plate (section),
d) Apply size control and mesh the plate (Fig. 5a).
3.2. SOLUTION
a) Apply BC and the load (Fig.5a and Fig.6)
Fig. 6. Apply uniform load on line (10MPa*2.5mm=25N/mm)
Step 1 (Structural Static – to calculate the stress stiffness matrix)
b) Defining the analysis type
(Solution Options –- Main menu>Solution> Analysis Type>New Analysis),
Fig. 7. Defining the analysis type (Static)
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FEMII_LAB_Buckling_analysis_v2.doc
c) Including the prestress effect (Main Menu> Solution> Analysis Type> Analysis Options),
Prestress ON -
Stress stiffness matrix Kσ
Fig. 8. Including the prestress effect
d) solving static analysis (Solve Curent LS).
Step 2 (Solving Eigenproblem – to find the critical load)
e) Selecting the analysis type (Solution Options - Main menu>Solution> Analysis Type>New
Analysis),
Fig. 9. Selecting the analysis type (Eigen Buckling)
f) Slelecting the number of buckling modes (eigenvectors) and results for the element (Main
Menu> Solution> Analysis Type> Analysis Options),
Fig. 11. Slelecting the methode of the analysis and the number of modes to extract
g) Solving the eigenproblem (Solve Current LS).
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3.3. GENERAL POSTPROCESSOR
Presentation of the results of the deformed shapes and stresses for each of the mode
(Main Menu>General Postproc> Results Summary).
Reading the results
for the given eigenvalue
Fig. 13. Reading the results for the given eigenvalue
„Frequency” is the coefficient which should be used to mutiply the input load to get the critical load
for the given eigenvalue.
Maps od deformed shapes and stresses can be accessed using the commands:
Main Menu>General Postproc>Plot Results>Deformed Shape,
Main Menu>General Postproc>Plot Results>Contour Plot>Nodal Solu.
TASKS TO BE DONE:
1 . Repeat the calculations according to the instruction.
2 . Perform the analysis for the cases of the same plate with no possibility of angle of
deflection along edges.
The report should contain:
- the description of the problem
- the short presentation of the FE model (mesh, boundary conditions)
- the table with the obtained results (eigenvalues)
- the plots showing deformed eigenmodes.
