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FLAC/Slope User's Guide Contents - 1

The document is a user's guide for FLAC/Slope, a software for slope stability analysis. It introduces the software, describes how to set up and run a basic slope stability model, and provides examples of more complex models. The guide contains detailed instructions on building and analyzing slope models using FLAC/Slope's tools and functionality.

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Abdelhay Elomari
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
173 views6 pages

FLAC/Slope User's Guide Contents - 1

The document is a user's guide for FLAC/Slope, a software for slope stability analysis. It introduces the software, describes how to set up and run a basic slope stability model, and provides examples of more complex models. The guide contains detailed instructions on building and analyzing slope models using FLAC/Slope's tools and functionality.

Uploaded by

Abdelhay Elomari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FLAC/Slope User’s Guide Contents - 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 FLAC/Slope
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
1.1.2 Guide to the FLAC/Slope Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
1.1.3 Summary of Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
1.1.4 Analysis Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3
1.1.5 User Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
1.1.6 FLAC Mini-Versions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
1.2 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
1.2.1 Installation and Start-Up Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6
1.2.2 A Simple Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
1.3 Details on Using FLAC/Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 19
1.3.1 Selecting Model Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 19
1.3.2 Setting Up the Slope Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 20
1.3.3 Creating a Slope Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 21
1.3.4 Adding Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 24
1.3.5 Assigning Materials and Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 25
1.3.6 Adding a Weak Plane (Interface) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 28
1.3.7 Locating a Water Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 31
1.3.8 Applying Surface Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 34
1.3.9 Installing Structural Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 37
1.3.10 Solving for a Factor of Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 41
1.3.10.1Grid Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 41
1.3.10.2Factor-of-Safety Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 43
1.3.10.3Factor-of-Safety Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 44
1.3.11 Producing Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 45
1.3.12 Building More Complex Slopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 47
1.3.12.1Building a Benched Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 48
1.3.12.2Building a Dam Embankment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 49
1.3.12.3Building a Nonlinear-Shaped Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 50
1.4 Stability Analysis Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 52
1.4.1 Homogeneous Embankment at Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 52
1.4.2 Comparison to Fredlund and Krahn (1977) Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 55
1.4.3 Slope with a Thin, Weak Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 58
1.4.4 Slope with Geogrid Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 63
1.4.5 Rock Slope with Benches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 67
1.4.6 Slope Failure due to Surcharge Loads in Weightless Material . . . . . . . . . 1 - 69

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1.5 Strength Reduction Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 72


1.6 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 73

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FLAC/Slope User’s Guide Contents - 3

TABLES
Table 1.1 Contents of Itasca directories for FLAC/Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 7
Table 1.2 Results from Fredlund and Krahn (1977) study compared to FLAC/Slope . . . 1 - 57

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Contents - 4 FLAC/Slope User’s Guide

FIGURES
Figure 1.1 The FLAC/Slope main window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Figure 1.2 Conditions of the simple slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
Figure 1.3 Project Save dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 10
Figure 1.4 Edit Slope Parameters dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 11
Figure 1.5 Model 1 layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 11
Figure 1.6 Layers tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 12
Figure 1.7 Two layers created by the Layers tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 12
Figure 1.8 Properties input in the Define Material dialog for upper soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 13
Figure 1.9 Materials assigned to the two layers in the Material tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 14
Figure 1.10 Coarse-grid for Model 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 14
Figure 1.11 Factor of Safety parameters dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 15
Figure 1.12 Failure plot for coarse-grid Model 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 15
Figure 1.13 Positioning water table in the Water tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 16
Figure 1.14 Failure plot for coarse-grid Model 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 17
Figure 1.15 Print setup dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 17
Figure 1.16 Hardcopy plot for Model 2 result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 18
Figure 1.17 Model Options dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 19
Figure 1.18 Project Save dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 20
Figure 1.19 New Model dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 21
Figure 1.20 Edit Slope Parameters dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 21
Figure 1.21 Boundary view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 22
Figure 1.22 Model view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 23
Figure 1.23 Slope model with two layer-boundary lines in the Layers tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 24
Figure 1.24 The upper layer-boundary line is edited to include two points . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 25
Figure 1.25 Define Material dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 26
Figure 1.26 Material List dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 27
Figure 1.27 Material List dialog in Edit pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 28
Figure 1.28 Interface tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 29
Figure 1.29 Interface line repositioned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 29
Figure 1.30 Interface Property list dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 30
Figure 1.31 Water table tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 31
Figure 1.32 Water Table repositioned with two handle points added . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 32
Figure 1.33 Water pressure acting along slope surface shown in model view . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 33
Figure 1.34 Applied forces corresponding to the surface water pressure applied in Fig-
ure 1.33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 33
Figure 1.35 Apply tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 34
Figure 1.36 Apply value dialog in the Apply tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 35
Figure 1.37 Editing the applied value in the Apply value dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 35

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Figure 1.38 Applied forces corresponding to the applied pressure in Figure 1.37 . . . . . . . 1 - 36
Figure 1.39 Reinforcement tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 37
Figure 1.40 Property identification number for reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 38
Figure 1.41 Cable Element Properties dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 38
Figure 1.42 Creating a grouted and ungrouted bolt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 40
Figure 1.43 Coarse-grid model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 42
Figure 1.44 Medium-grid model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 42
Figure 1.45 Factor of Safety parameters dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 43
Figure 1.46 Model cycling dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 44
Figure 1.47 Failure plot for coarse grid model with friction angle and cohesion included
in the factor-of-safety calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 45
Figure 1.48 Failure plot items dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 46
Figure 1.49 Print setup dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 47
Figure 1.50 New Model dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 47
Figure 1.51 Edit benched slope parameters dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 48
Figure 1.52 Single bench slope boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 48
Figure 1.53 Edit dam/embankment slope parameters dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 49
Figure 1.54 Dam boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 49
Figure 1.55 Edit block parameters dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 50
Figure 1.56 General boundary tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 51
Figure 1.57 Nonlinear slope boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 51
Figure 1.58 Material properties for homogeneous embankment example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 52
Figure 1.59 Medium-grid zoning for homogeneous embankment example . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 53
Figure 1.60 Failure surface calculated for homogeneous embankment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 54
Figure 1.61 Slope stability example (from Fredlund and Krahn, 1977) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 55
Figure 1.62 FLAC/Slope geometry for Case 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 56
Figure 1.63 FLAC/Slope grid for Case 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 56
Figure 1.64 Factor-of-safety results for Case 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 57
Figure 1.65 Clay slope containing a thin weak layer (from Griffiths and Lane, 1999) . . . 1 - 58
Figure 1.66 Weak layer boundaries created in the Layers tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 59
Figure 1.67 FLAC/Slope model of slope with a thin weak layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 59
Figure 1.68 Fine-grid model for slope with thin weak layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 60
Figure 1.69 Failure plot for cl / c = 0.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 61
Figure 1.70 Failure plot for cl / c = 0.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 61
Figure 1.71 Failure plot for cl / c = 1.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 62
Figure 1.72 Slope with geogrid reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 63
Figure 1.73 Factor-of-safety results for unsupported slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 64
Figure 1.74 Geogrid properties specified in Cable Element Properties dialog . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 64
Figure 1.75 Factor-of-safety results for geogrid support with bond cohesion = 1000 N/m 1 - 65
Figure 1.76 Factor-of-safety results for geogrid support with bond cohesion = 10,000 N/m 1 - 66

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Figure 1.77 Failure surface solution from Bishop’s method for a rock slope [Hoek and Bray
(1981)] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 67
Figure 1.78 Failure plot for rock slope with benches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 68
Figure 1.79 Slope with surcharge load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 69
Figure 1.80 Factor-of-safety result for slope with surcharge load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 71

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