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Formulas: Identity

The document defines various types of geometric transformations including identity, dilation, symmetry, translations, rotations, reflections, and glide reflections. It provides examples of applying each type of transformation to points and figures. It also describes different types of patterns such as rosette, border, and wallpaper patterns and classifies frieze patterns into types based on their symmetries.

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51 views11 pages

Formulas: Identity

The document defines various types of geometric transformations including identity, dilation, symmetry, translations, rotations, reflections, and glide reflections. It provides examples of applying each type of transformation to points and figures. It also describes different types of patterns such as rosette, border, and wallpaper patterns and classifies frieze patterns into types based on their symmetries.

Uploaded by

ShaneBrianDorol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FORMULAS

IDENTITY

1. i ((3,1)) = (3,1)
2. i ((-5,2)) = (-5,2)

DILATION

d ((x,y)) = k(x,y) = (kx,ky)


Ex.

1. point (2,1)
Dilation - d (x,y) = 2(x,y)

d (2,1) = 2(2,1)
d (2,1) = [2(2),2(1)]
d (2,1) = (4,2)

2. point (2,1)
Dilation - d(x,y) = - ½(x,y)

d (2,1) = - ½(2,1)
d (2,1) = [- ½(2),- ½(1)]
d (2,1) = (-1,- ½)

SYMMETRY
- A transformation s of the plane is called
symmetry of a figure F if and only if S
preserves the size and shape of F.

1. The identity transformation is symmetry


for any figure F.
2. An isometry is symmetry for any figure
F.
3. Dilation with k≠1 is not a symmetry for
any figure F.

TYPES OF SYMMETRIES

 TRANSLATIONS

 ROTATION

 REFLECTION

 GLIDE REFLECTION
TRANSLATIONS

Vector - [h,k]
t ((x,y)) = (x+h,y+k)

Ex.
Vector [1, 3]
Point = t ((-4,-2))

t ((-4,-2)) = (-4+1,-2+3)
t ((-4,-2)) = (-3,1)

ROTATION
1. 90°: r (x,y) = (-y,x)
Ex.
Point (-4, 3)
r ((-4,-3)) = [-(-3),-4]
r ((-4,-3)) = (3,-4)

2. 2. 180°: r (x,y) = (-x,-y)


ex.

Point (5,-2)

r ((5,-2)) = [-(5),-(2)]
r ((5,-2)) = (-5,-2)

REFLECTION

1. y = x
m (x,y) = (y,x)
ex.
Point (3, 1)

m (3,1) = (1,3)

2. Let m be the reflection about the x-axis:

m (x, y) = (x,-y)

ex.
Point (-3,-2)

m (-3,-2) = (-3,2)

3. Let m be the reflection about the y-axis:

m (x, y) = (-x, y)
GLIDE REFLECTION

Ex.

Vector [-2,2]
m (x, y) = (-y, -x)

g ((x, y)) = (-y -2, -x -2)

Vertices
A (-1,-2), B (-2,0), C(-3,-1)

A. g ((-1,-2)) = [-(-2)-2,-(-1) + 2]
g ((-1,-2)) = (2)-2,(1)+2)
g ((-1,-2)) = (0,3)
B. g ((2, 0)) = (-0)-2, (-2) + 2)
= (-2, 4)

C. g ((-3,-1)) = [-(-1)-2, (-3) + 2]


= (-1, 5)

PATTERNS
- A pattern is a collection of one or
more families of symmetries.
TYPES OF PATTERNS

 ROSETTE PATTERNS
 BORDER PATTERNS
 WALLPAPER PATTERNS
Rosette Patterns
- A pattern is a rosette if it has a
unique fixed point.

- A pattern is cyclic of order n if its


only symmetries come from a
family of rotations of angle 360°/n

- A rosette is dihedral of order n if its


only symmetric come from a family
of relations of angle 360°/n and a
family of reflections about n lines
meeting at angles 180°/n

BORDER PATTERNS
- A pattern is said to be border
pattern if its families does not
contain a fixed point but has a fixed
line. Border patterns are also
known as frieze patterns
- Note that all border patterns have
one direction of translation vector.
For convention, we’ll have a
horizontal orientation.
Types of Frieze Patterns

1. Type 11 (Hop)
Exactly one family of translations
2. Type 1m (Jump)
Exactly one family of translations
Horizontal reflection
3. Type m1 (Sidle)
Fibonacci Sequence
Fn = 1; if n = 1, 2
Fn-2 + Fn-1; if n is greater than or
equal to 3

Golden Ratio
p=p+q
q p

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