L11
NEW TECHNOLOGY : SUBSEA PROCESSING & BOOSTING
• SUBSEA MULTIPHASE PUMPING
• PARTIAL SUBSEA SEPARATION / PRESSURE BOOSTING SYSTEMS
• FULL SUBSEA SEPARATION
• SUBSEA GAS BOOSTING
• TEST AND OPERATIONAL RESULTS
• OTHER SEABED PROCESSES
• RECENT HEADLINE FIELD UTILISING NEW TECHNOLOGIES
Subsea Boosting, Why?
• Enhanced and faster production
Increased Step-out
- Wellhead pressure draw-down Distance
- Compressor discharge pressure overcomes
back-pressure and frictional losses
• Increased Step-out Distance
• Reduced OPEX
• Reduced CAPEX
• De-bottle-necking oil production
• Development and production of Without Subsea
low pressure reservoirs Boosting
With Subea Boosting
WHERE TO CARRY OUT SUBSEA BOOSTING OR PROCESSING?
PLATFORM HOST PLATFORM HOST
FPSO
MULTIPHASE PUMP
RISER BASE SYSTEM
SUBSEA
SEPARATOR PUMP OR GAS LIFT
3 4
GAS LIFT IN WELLS
2 2
1 1
EXISTING EXPORT
PIPELINE
DOWNHOLE PUMP
• In dummy well
• At mud line
Well fluid
Drive fluid
SMUBS - Subsea Multiphase
Booster Station
for Draugen field, AS Norske Shell
Multi-Booster;
A twin-screw Pumping Principle
Positive displacement by use of twin-screw or mono pumps
Δp = f(1/ΔV)
Subsea MultiBooster - Data below: for the as built Demo 2000
Possible duties:
Multiphase boosting
Wet gas compressor
Design Data DEMO 2000:
Flow: 940 m3/h
Diff. press: 40 bar
Duty: Wet gas compression
Main Technical Features:
Design press.: 250 barg
Water depth: up to 1500m
Subsea Booster Projects
• Shell, Draugen
(1 x 750 kW Water Turbine)
• Shell / Statoil, ELSMUBS
(1 x Electric Motor 1 MW)
• Statoil, Lufeng
(5 x Electric Motor 400kW)
• BP, ETAP
(2 x 900 kW Water Turbine)
• Mobil, Topacio
(2 x 860 kW Electric Motor)
• Norsk Hydro, Troll C Pilot
(1+1 x 1.600 kW Electric Motor)
BP ETAPS FIELD
History of Subsea Processing
Category Projects Operators Year Technology Tie- Water
back depth
Gas / Liquid Zakum ADMA (Total 1970 Subsea separation w diver assist. 4 km 22 m
separation Partner)
Highlander Texaco 1985 Subsea separation & pumping 0 km 128 m
Argyll Hamilton Brothers 1988 Subsea separation BOET 0 km 120 m
VASPS Petrobras 2001 Separator & pumping in dummy 1 km 395 m
(Marimba) well
HC / Water Troll C Norsk Hydro (w 2000 Gravity separator & WI pump 3 km 340 m
separation Total)
Mudline Draugen Shell 1994 1 MPP (turbine) Framo 6 km 270 m
pumps Lufeng Statoil 1997 5 booster pumps Framo 0 km 330 m
Machar BP 1999 2 MPP (turbine) Framo Never installed on site
Topaccio Exxon Mobil 1999 2 MPP Framo 8 km 500 m
Ceiba Hamerada Hess 2002 2 MPP Framo 7 km 750 m
Downhole Lihua Amoco 1996 25 pumps 0 km 300 m
pumps Otter Total 2002 5 pumps 21 km 184 m
KBS - Kvaerner Booster Station
Centrifugal Compressor Prototype
Technical:
1200 hrs tests (submerged)
• Nuovo Pignone
centrifugal compressor
-8 stage
-850 kW
-16 000 rpm
• Maag epicyclic gear
• Loher motor
‒ 6.6 kV
‒ 1800 rpm
Testing included operation BOET SUBSEA SEPARATOR
as wet gas compressor - INSTALLED ON ARGYLL
FIELD AT ITS END OF LIFE
Electric Power Supply
Oil Out VASP UNIT (Vertical Annular Subsea Separation)
Gas Scrubber
Gas Out LIQUIDS OUT
Wellhead
Fluids In
Inlet
Hdyrocyclone
Separator
Joints GAS OUT
Pump
Motor
TANGENTIAL
Liquid
INLET
Sump
Sand
Cyclone
UPPER SECTION OF UNIT
Sump
VASP UNIT (Vertical Annular Subsea Separation)
• THE FLUID FROM THE WELLS IS
SEPARATED INTO A GAS AND LIQUID
PHASES
• THE SEPARATED GAS NATURALLY FLOWS
IN A DEDICATED LINE TO THE SURFACE
FACILITIES UNDER ITS OWN PRESSURE
• THE LIQUID IS PUMPED OUT OF THE VASPS
INTO A DEDICATED LINE BY AN ESP
TEST RESULTS FROM MARIMBA FIELD,
BRAZIL
Gas Lift
Oil Produced Gas Gas Scf/
Bbl/day 1000’s day
50 10 million
45 9 million
40 8 million
35 7 million
30 6 million
25 5 million
20 4 million
15 3 million
10 2 million
5 1 million
Note pre VASPS oil production of 0 0
35,000 bbls / day with gas Lift. Pre VASPS With VASPS
After VASPS 44,000 bbl / day with
no need for gas lift
TROLL PILOT - UPDATE
th
Operational 17 May 2000
Typical Performance - 23,900 bopd Multiphase Flow Separated into :-
- 16,350 bopd Oil
- 7,550 bopd Water
After June Water Injected using Injection Pump
Quality of Separation Within Prescribed Limits
- About 144 ppm Oil in Water (design Max 1000 ppm)
During Operation some 80% of the Water in the Oil Stream is Removed
Late in 2000 the Equipment experienced some Mechanical Problems, this was not
to do with the Fundamentals of the Process.
Key Technology Areas
- Separator with Novel Inlet Device (semi-Cyclone) which reduces Momentum in the
Wellstream gradually such that it Prevents the Formation of small Droplets which
would Reduce the Efficiency of the Separation Process.
- Control of the Oil / Water Interface. Monitoring based on Nucleonics and Electric
Sensors Control the Speed of the Injection Pump.
UPRDATE - PHASE 2
The connector problem took 10 months to fix.
In August 2001 the system was restarted and has works without problems since
then.
It is typically operating at up to 70,000 bopd input fluids, the separated water (60 to
80%) has an oil level of some 100 ppm.
Typical concept : gravity separation
Well fluid 12” header
To pipeline
TT
PT
LT
PT PT
Multiphase
3-phase booster pump
separator
PT
FT PT
To water
injection
Produced water wells
injection pumps
Reference : Troll pilot outlet water cut less
than 10% oil in water less than 700 ppm
SUBSEA POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
KING FIELD – GoM - DEEPWATER OIL BOOSTER PUMP
King is now one of three fields producing from the Marlin TLP and
represents more than half of Marlin TLP production.
TORDIS FIELD SUBSEA SEPARATION BOOSTING & INJECTION
Layout of the Tordis improved oil recovery project.
The Tordis discoveries
have all been developed
with subsea installations
tied back to the Gullfaks C
platform.
The subsea separation station is
equipped with two multiphase flow
meters.
PAZFLOR DEVELOPMENT - Block 17, Angola
FIELDS - HORTENSIA, PERPETUA, ZINIA & ACACIA
WATER DEPTH - 650 – 1300m
9 200
000
BLOCK 16
BLOCK 3
KIAME
PERPETUA
BLOCK 4
9 180 000
VIOLETA
LIRIO
LIR VLT1 ANT1
1 TULIPA
HORTENSIA
BLOCK 32
CRA1
ORQ1 ANTURIO
HOR1
CRAVO ZNA1
ORQUIDEA PERPETUA PRP1
ROSA2
TUL1
MAG1
ZINIA
HOR1 ZNA1
ROS2 PRP1
ROS3 9 160 000
ROS1
JCT1 JASMIMGIRB DALIA
JAS2
ROSA1 GIR2
LOWER
JAS1
DAL3 UP-MIOC
DAL2
ACA1
UP-MIOC
GIR1
DAL4
DAL1 CML1
DAL5
DALIA
CAMELIA ACA1
UPPER BLOCK 17
CRM1
GAL1
BLOCK 33 BLOCK 18 PLT1
PLD1 ACACIA 9 140 000
120 000 140 000 160 000 180 000
200 000 220 000
20 km
Reservoir Burial Thickness Temp. Pressure
data (m) (m) (°C) (bara)
Upper Miocene
1100 10 à 30 64 200
(UM1,UM2,UM3)
O9 & O9w
2000 40 à 60 110 350
(Acacia)
Upper Miocene (Perpetua-1 : UM2) NOTE – TWO TYPES OF OIL
20°API, d = 0,93,TAN = 1.96 mg KOH/g
GOR # 50 Sm3/Sm3
High viscosity (up to µ = 500 cp at 20°C)
Risks of calcium naphtenate, emulsions, foaming
Risk of hydrate (no risk of paraffin)
Water injection
Oligocene (Acacia-1 : O9)
37°API, d = 0,84, TAN = 0.2 mg KOH/g.
GOR # 250 Sm3/Sm3
Viscosity µ = 20 cp
Risk of sulphate of barium => desulphatation if Water injection
Risk of hydrate and paraffin
Water & Gas injection
UM Area - Overall field development – Production Network
MIOCENE OLIGOCENE
Subsea Gas/Liquid Separation « Conventional » Development
Single production line Dual line production loop
XT XT XT XT
P 10
XT XT XT
XT XT
XT XT XT XT
P 20 P 40
XT XT
XT XT XT XT
XT XT XT XT
P 30
XT XT
PAZFLOR DEVELOPMENT
There will be three subsea separation systems provided by FMC
following the company's success on Tordis.
