10 Please answer everything with
solutions on another sheet of paper
“NO SOLUTION, NO POINTS”
Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 8:
Performing Division of
Polynomials Using Long and
Synthetic Division
Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 8 : Performs division of polynomials using long and
synthetic division
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writer’s Name: Laila B. Kiw-isen
Editor’s Name: Melchor B. Ticag
Reviewer’s Name: Bryan A. Hidalgo
Management Team:
May B. Eclar, PhD
Marie Carolyn B. Verano
Carmel F. Meris
Ethielyn E. Taqued
Edgar H. Madlaing
Soraya T. Faculo
Francisco C. Copsiyan
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[email protected] What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to indulge
you in dividing polynomials using long method and synthetic division. The
scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The arrangement of the lessons follows the standard sequence of
the course. But the pacing in which you read and answer this module is
dependent on your ability.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
divide polynomials using long division and synthetic division
What’s In
When you were in Grade 7, you had learned that polynomial is an algebraic
expression whose variables must have nonnegative-integer powers. The
degree of a polynomial in one variable is the highest exponent among all the
terms in the polynomial. Recall also the concepts about naming polynomials
according to its number of terms and its degree. Then answer the following
activity (the first polynomial was done for you) in a separate answer sheet.
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What’s New
Some real-life applications of polynomials can be seen in the field engineering
and economy. Engineers used polynomials when designing roads, buildings
and other structures and economist used it to model economic growth
pattern. To understand more about polynomials, let’s have the following
problem:
Problem:
To find the number of candies, we can use dividing polynomials which is the
focus of this module.
LESSON
Division of Polynomials
1 Using Long Division
What Is It
In this part of the module, we will show you how to divide polynomials using
long division and synthetic division. This skill is very important in factoring
and solving for the roots of a polynomial equation.
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descending means pa gamay o pa ubos. So, mag una
ang naay taas o dako nga power or exponent, then
maulhi ang walay exponent og wlai variable (a, b, c, x, y)
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Remember to always write your final answer in this form:
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Therefore, the answer is:
Example 3. Divide (64 + 𝑥 3 ) by (𝑥 + 4).
Solution:
Follow the solution shown from Example 1.
0
(Since, is equal to zero)
𝑥+4
ALWAYS REMEMBER
Steps in dividing polynomials using long division method:
1. Arrange the polynomials (both dividend and divisor) in descending
order. If there are missing terms, replace it with 0.
2. Divide the first term of the dividend by the first term of the divisor to get
the first term of the quotient.
3. Multiply the divisor by the first term of the quotient.
4. Subtract the product from the dividend then bring down the next term.
5. Repeat steps 2 to 4. This time, the difference and the next term will be
the new dividend.
6. Write your final answer in the form:
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LESSON
Dividing Polynomials
2 Using Synthetic Division
There is a more efficient way of dividing polynomials if the divisor is a linear
binomial in the form 𝑥 − 𝑎 . This method is called synthetic division. A
detailed discussion on how this synthetic division will be done is given below.
Just like long division, arrange the polynomials first in descending powers of
and write 0 as coefficient of any missing term.
Example 1: Divide (𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 + 27) by (𝑥 + 3) using synthetic division.
(These polynomials are the same as example 1. Let’s find out if synthetic and
long division will give the same quotient).
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In this example, we were able to see that both long division and synthetic
division yield the same answer which is 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 9.
Example 2: Divide (2𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 4) by (𝑥 − 2).
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Example 3: Divide (3𝑥 3 − 16𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 12) by (3𝑥 + 2).
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ALWAYS REMEMBER
Steps in dividing polynomials using synthetic division:
1. Arrange the polynomials (both dividend and divisor) in descending
order. If there are missing terms, replace it with 0. The divisor must
be of the form 𝑥 − 𝑎 , where 𝑎 will be used as the divisor in the
synthetic division process.
2. Write only the coefficients of the dividend.
3. Bring down the first coefficient.
4. Multiply the divisor and the first coefficient. Then, write the result
below the second coefficient.
5. Add the two numbers.
6. Repeat steps 3 to 5. Repeat the process until all columns are filled.
7. The numbers below the line are the coefficients of the quotient. And
the last number is the remainder.
8. The degree of the quotient is one less than the degree if the dividend.
9. Write your final answer in the form:
Note: You may only use synthetic division if the divisor is a binomial and can
be written in the form 𝑥 − 𝑎.
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What’s More
Now, your turn!
Activity 1: Rewrite this division process on your paper and fill in the missing
terms. Write the final answer.
1. Divide (8𝑥 3 + 27) by 2𝑥 + 3 using long division.
Answer:
2. Divide (2𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 + 4) by 𝑥 − 2 using synthetic division.
Answer:
Activity 2: Divide the following polynomials using long division. Show your
solution.
1. (2𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4) ÷ (𝑥 + 4)
2. (11𝑥 − 20𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 3 − 14) ÷ (𝑥 − 2)
3. (2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 5) ÷ (2𝑥 + 1)
Activity 3: Divide the following polynomials using synthetic division. Show
your solution.
1. (2𝑥 3 + 9𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 4) ÷ (𝑥 + 4)
2. (11𝑥 − 20𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 3 − 14) ÷ (𝑥 − 2)
3. (2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 5) ÷ (2𝑥 + 1)
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What I Have Learned
Let us sum up what we had learned in this module.
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Assessment
DIRECTION: Choose the letter of your answer from the given choices. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Show necessary solutions.
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Answer Key
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REFERENCES:
Algebraic Division taken from http://mathematics.laerd.com
Larson, R. (2006). Precalculus with limits. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Leithold, L. (1989). College Algebra and Trigonometry. Reading Mass.:
Addison – Wesley.
Young, C. (2010). Precalculus. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.
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