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Prepared by:

BONI FERNANDO A. SUAREZ

INSTRUCTOR

2020
 Preface

Dear Students,
“I’m frustrated.” “Life is chaotic right now.” “It’s just not how I thought this semester
would go.” Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, these are your primary responses as I
continually ask the question, “Are you doing OK?”
I’m sorry, and I know it’s not fair. I feel like I should be doing something. Along those
lines, perhaps I should also be asking a second question: “What do you think you’ll
learn from this?”
I’ve realized that my job as a instructor has a little to do with teaching content, and a
great deal more to do with facilitating opportunities for your growth. Because let’s be
honest, most of the content—definitions, theories, models—can easily be retrieved in a
whopping five seconds with a targeted Google search.
Equipping you with self-awareness and critical thinking skills that you can carry with
you into the real world upon graduation is what actually matters. Meeting that goal,
however, hinges upon whether or not I can create an experience—something that
significantly alters the way you view the world and yourselves.
Ironically, and unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic has created just such an
experience. It’s unlikely to be forgotten, and if viewed with a growth mindset—the belief
that one’s skills and qualities can be cultivated through effort and perseverance—it can
be life-changing.
Outlined below are three opportunities for growth, including practicing adaptive
performance, engaging in intellectual opposition, and learning to manage stress. These
are three areas of my scholarship as a management professor that are consistently
discussed in the evidence-based, management and organizational behavior literature. I
challenge you to consider these growth opportunities as you manage your way through
the remainder of this semester.
Inspired? Challenged? Then let’s strike the iron while it’s hot! Let’s buckle down for
learning and face the challenges of the new normal. Have fun!

Truly yours
B.F. SUAREZ

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 Table of Contents
Contents Page Number

Cover page
Preface/Letter to the Students i

Table of Contents ii

Course Outline Iii

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES
SUBJECT DESCRIPTION: This course introduces some Applied Social Sciences, namely
Counselling, Social Work, and Communication, which draw their foundation from the theories and
principles of Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, and other Social Sciences. The course highlights
the seamless interconnectivity of the different applied social science disciplines while focusing on the
processes and applications of these applied disciplines in critical development areas.

At the end of the course, students shall demonstrate competencies in interacting and reacting with
other individuals, groups, and communities; apply social sciences principles, practices, and tools in
addressing the development areas identified by the class; and analyze how processes in these
applied disciplines work in specific life situations.

MODULE 1
MELC: clarify the relationships and differences between social sciences and applied social
sciences
CHAPTER 1 Course Introduction (Applied Social Sciences)
1.1 Definition of social sciences
1.2 Definition of applied social sciences

Content Standard: The learners demonstrate an understanding of social sciences and applied social
sciences.
Performance Standard: The learners shall be able to explain clearly public perceptions about the work of
social sciences and applied social
science practitioners.

WEEK 1

LESSON 1 Defining Social Sciences and the Applied Social Sciences

I. Objectives:
1. To explain the definition of social sciences and applied social sciences through data retrieval
chart
2. To differentiate social sciences and applied social sciences through compare and contrast
graphic organizer
3. To explain the different disciplines of social sciences and the applied social sciences.
4. To explain clearly public perception about the work of social sciences and applied social science
practitioners through infomercial campaign.

II. Chapter Pre Test

Act.1
Anticipation Reaction Guide
Direction: Before the chapter study. Place a check mark (/) on the Before the Chapter Study
column if you agree with the statement and cross (X) if you do not agree.
After the Chapter Study. Place a check mark (/) on the After the Chapter Study column if you
agree with the statement and a cross mark (X) if you do not agree.

Before the Chapter Study Statements After the Chapter Study

Social science is the study of
society and the manner in

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 which people behave and
affect the world.
Social sciences are only
applicable in the academe and
not in the workplace.
Applied social scientist use and
borrow different concepts,
theoretical models, and
theories from social science
and disciplines.
Guidance counselling is a
profession that helps address a
person’s specific projects,
business successes , general
conditions and transitions in life
, relationships , or profession
Applied social sciences provide
good theoretical and
conceptual foundations for
social work practice.
Psychology studies how human
mind work in consonance with
the body to produce thoughts
that lead to individual actions.

III. Motivation
Act. 2 Data Retrieval Chart Completion
Direction: Complete the data retrieval chart. Classify the following disciplines and categorize them
if they belong to the Pure Social Sciences or to the Applied Social Sciences.

Compare and Contrast with Bubble Map

Disciplines to be categorized:

Economics
Counselling History
Geography Social Work
Psychology Anthropology
Sociology Political science
Demography Communication

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 Applied Social
Sciences

Pure Social
Sciences

Guide Questions:
1. What are the disciplines under applied social sciences?
2. What are the disciplines under pure social sciences?
3. How do they differ from one another?

IV. Discussion
Defining Social Sciences – is made of several disciplines and these include history, political
science, sociology, psychology, economics, geography, demography, anthropology and linguistics.
As a body of scientific knowledge, the social sciences provide diverse set of lens that help us
understand and explain the different facets of human society. The varieties of lens that social
sciences study refer to the different fields of the social sciences that investigate human society.
Branches of the Social Sciences
 Economics studies the allocation of scarce resources and the production and exchange of
goods and services in society.
Economics has different subfields:
 Environmental economics- studies the allocation of natural resources

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

  Labor economics-focuses on the study of the decision- making and behaviors of
employees and the relationships between employers and their employees.
 Business economics- examines the behavior of companies and firms by studying the
factors that result in profit maximization, price setting, production goals, and the role of
incentives.
 Monetary economics- on the other hand, studies the nation’s production, inflation,
income, interest rates, and monetary policies.

 Anthropology is the scientific study of humans and their cultures in the past and present
time.
Anthropologist are trained in the different areas:
 Cultural anthropology studies the development of human culture based on ethnologic,
linguistic, social, and psychological data analysis. It explains how people in other societies
live and affects their environments to their respective lives.
 Physical anthropology studies human biological nature, particularly its beginning ,
evolution, and variation in prehistory
 Archeology studies human life in the past through the examination of things left behind
by the people.

 History is systematic study of human past events in order to understand the meaning,
dynamics, and relationship of the cause and effects of events in the development of societies.
History has several subfields:
 Political history studies history of political institutions
 Economic history studies the development of economic institutions and other economic
factors.
 Social history studies the history of ordinary lives of people like women, children, ethnic
groups, and the different sectors of society from historical point of view.
 Environmental history looks into the history of the interaction of humans with the
environment
 History of medicine and public health examines the history of public health and human
medicine
 Business history studies the history of the development of businesses, companies, and
industries
 Biographies studies the history of great persons in history
 Political Science primarily studies human behavior in relation to political systems,
governments, laws, and international relations.
Political has several fields of study:
 Domestic politics studies public opinion, elections, national and local governments.
 Comparative politics studies politics within countries and analyzes the similarities and
differences between among countries
 International Relations focuses on the study of political relationship and interaction
between and among countries
 Public administration studies national and local governance and bureaucracy
 Public law examines legal systems, civil rights , and criminal justice
 Psychology studies how the human mind works in consonance with the body to produce
thoughts that lead to individual actions.
Psychology subfields:
 Experimental psychology studies of humans and animals examines how and why
learning takes place
 Developmental psychology studies the ways people change and behave as they go
through their life
 Personality psychology studies human nature and differences among people
 Environmental psychology studies the effects of surroundings on a person’s attitude
and behavior
 Sociology a systematic study of people’s behavior in groups
Sociology subfields:

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

  Applied sociology focus on the use and proper application of sociological theories,
methods and skills to examine data, solve problems and communicate research to the
public.
 Urban sociology studies societal life interactions in urban areas through the application
of sociological methods like statistical analysis and ethnographies
 Cultural sociology analyzes the development of social institutions, norms and practices.
 Rural sociology studies the social life of people in rural areas
 Medical sociology examines the societal aspects of health and medicine of people
 Sociology of education analyzes how social forces and institutions like politics,
economic systems, and culture affects school and educational systems.
 Political sociology examines how social structure affects and influences politics.
 Military sociology is a sociological study of the military organization, the different civilian
and military relationships, war experiences, and the use and control of force
 Geography is the study of interaction between people and their environments.
Geography subfields:
 Physical geography studies the natural features of the earth , including land, water , and
atmosphere
 Human geography studies how people create cultures in their natural environments.
 Demography according to the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (2016)
demography is the scientific study of human populations across time.
Major subfield:
 Population studies or social demography analyze demographic data to define, explain,
and foresee social phenomena. It also studies social – status composition and population
distribution.

Defining the Applied Social Sciences-branch of study that applies the different concepts,
theoretical models, and theories of the social science disciplines to help understand society and the
different problems and issues. The applied social sciences is utilized to provide alternative solutions
to the diverse problem of the society.
Three main career tracks for applied social scientist:
 Counseling is one of the fields of applied social sciences as an application of the social
sciences, counseling provides guidance, help, and support to individuals who are distraught
by a diverse set of problems in their lives.
 Counseling can be done by the following:
Guidance counselor and life coaching are applications of the social sciences and
these professions, expert help are given to individuals who needed guidance or advice
pertaining to their business successes, general conditions and personal life transitions,
relationships and career.
Life coach analyzes the present condition of the client, discovers different obstacles or
challenges that a client faces, and provides a certain course of action to make the client’s
life better.
Career counseling is needed by people who are in the process of entering the job
market, searching for possible career change, or those wanting career advancements.
Personal growth counseling concentrates on the evaluation of different aspects of a
client’s life.
 Social work practitioners help individuals, families, and groups, communities to improve
their individual and collective well-being.
 Communication Studies- Applied social science provide adequate training for careers in
the field of journalism and mass communication because of multidisciplinary knowledge
and skills that graduates learn from social sciences.

Act. 3 Compare and Contrast Graphic Organizer

Social Science Applied Social

Science

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 How are they alike?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

How are they different?

___________________ ___________________
___________________ ___________________
___________________ ___________________
_________________ _________________

Guide Questions:
1. What is the connection between social sciences and the applied social sciences?
2. How do they differ from one another?
3. What is the difference between counseling and social work?
4. Why do we consider journalism and communication studies as fields of the applied social sciences?

V. Application
Produce a group infomercial that will promote awareness to the public about the important work and
functions of a social scientist an applied social science practitioner. The infomercial must also
explain the main differences of social scientist and an applied social science practitioner.
An infomercial is a communication strategy that aims to inform the public about an issue / topic. It
serves as an information strategy and a promotional commercial. It is often referred to as paid
programming and are usually shown on televisions and the Internet.

Mechanics:
1. The class will divided into 5 groups.
2. Each group must brain storm and discuss the contents of their infomercial.
Guide Questions:
1. What is the difference between counseling and social work?
2. Why do we consider journalism and communication studies as fields of the applied social
sciences?

Rubric for an Infomercial Campaign

Criteria Excellent Very Good Good Poor G

rade
Content Infomercial Infomercial Infomercial Infomercial did
demonstrated demonstrated demonstrated not
exceptional excellent some demonstrated
knowledge of knowledge of knowledge of knowledge of

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 the important of the important the important the important
work and of work and of work and of work and
functions of a functions of a functions of a functions of a
social scientist social scientist social scientist social scientist
and an applied and an applied and an applied and an applied
social science social science social science social science
practitioner. practitioner. practitioner. practitioner.
Supporting Multimedia or Multimedia or Multimedia or Multimedia or
Presentation poster greatly poster poster poster does
enhanced somewhat enhanced not enhance
understanding enhanced understanding presentation.
of important understanding of important
work and of important work and
functions of a work and functions of a
social scientist functions of a social scientist
and an applied social scientist and an applied
social science and an applied social science
practitioner. social science practitioner
practitioner.
Reasoning Presentation Presentation Presentation Presentation
explained provided few provided one did not provide
clearly the explanations explanation any
important work on the about the information.
and functions important work important work No inferences
of a social and functions and functions were made.
scientist and an of a social of a social
applied social scientist and scientist and
science an applied an applied
practitioner. social science social science
Numerous practitioner. A practitioner.
inferences few inferences Inaccurate
were made. were made. inferences
were given.
Organization Entire Most of the Some of the Presentation
presentation presentation presentation did not flow
was well was well was well and
organized. organized and organized or information
Information flowed in information was presented
flowed in a logical manner. was presented in an illogical
logical manner. in an illogical manner.
manner.
Oral Student Student Student Student
Presentation presenting the presenting the presenting the presenting the
infomercial infomercial infomercial did infomercial
could be easily could be easily not speak could not be
understood understood clearly understood.
throughout throughout throughout the Student
entire most of the presentation. displayed poor
presentation. presentation. Student posture and
Excellent Good posture displayed poor eye contact
posture and and eye posture and was not
eye contact. contact. eye contact established.
was not
established.

VI. Valuing

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

  What are the importance of knowing the difference of pure social science from applied social
science?
 How can you say that the applied social science is differ from pure social science?
VII. Generalization

Statements After the Chapter Study

Social science is the study of society and the
manner in which people behave and affect
the world.
Social sciences are only applicable in the
academe and not in the workplace.
Applied social scientist use and borrow
different concepts, theoretical models, and
theories from social science and disciplines.
Guidance counselling is a profession that
helps address a person’s specific projects,
business successes , general conditions and
transitions in life , relationships , or
profession
Applied social sciences provide good
theoretical and conceptual foundations for
social work practice.
Psychology studies hoe human mind work in
consonance with the body to produce
thoughts that lead to individual actions.

VIII. PostTest
Research for the following topics:
- Counseling
- Roles ,functions and areas of counseling
- Clientele and audiences in counseling
Act. Take It from the Expert
To be able to appreciate better the counseling profession, the class will be divided into six
groups. Each group is required to interview a counselor from any of the counselor’s work
settings: school, mental hospital, private agencies, community, and government. You interview
must focus on:
1. Institutional Profile:
The Work Setting (institution or agency where the counselor works) its context, history, the
different cases/ problems it handles , the program implements, and the different approaches
and interventions it applies; the problems that the institution face and the victories and
successes of the institution.
2. The counselor
The Counselor as a Professional – Questions may include: When did you start working
as a counselor in the institution? What programs do you handle? What are responsibilities?
What skills, values must a counselor possess? How do you see yourself as a counselor?
What do you enjoy doing? What do you avoid doing? What challenges do you encounter as
a counselor? What helps you in your work? What education and training do you need to
enhance your work? What other message do you want to convey?

Results and analysis of data from your interview must be written in a report. Formulate your
own title – a title which will embrace the data collected. The ethics forms (letter of

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 permission, consent from the institution and the counselor) will be submitted together with
the report.
References:
Repko, Allen F. (2008). Interdiciplinary Research: Process and Theory.
London, Los Angeles , New Delhi , Singapore: Sage.

Gouldner, Alvin W. ( 1989 ) “ Explorations in Applied Social Science”,

Sociological Practice: Vol. 7 : Iss. 1 , Article 5.Available at :
http//digitalcommons.wayne.edu/socprac/vol7/iss1/5.

CHAPTER 2 Discipline of Counseling

MELC: Identify specific work areas in which counselors work
1.1 Counseling
1.1.1 Definitions
1.1.2 Goals
1.1.3 Scope
1.1.4 Core Values
1.1.5 Principles
Content Standard: The learners demonstrate an understanding of disciplines of counseling
Performance Standard: The learners shall be able to demonstrate a high level of the basic concepts of
counseling through a group presentation of a situation in which practitioners of counseling work together to
assist individuals, groups, or communities involved in difficult situations ( e.g., post disaster, court hearing
about separation of celebrity couple, cyber bullying )

WEEK 2

LESSON 1 The Discipline of Counseling

I. Objectives:
1. To know the definition of Counseling through KWL Chart.
2. To identify the goals and scope of counseling and discuss the core values and principles of
counseling through I need Help, Where will I go? In what Way will Counseling Empower Me and
Which Counseling Principle I Agree Most?
3. To demonstrate comprehension of counseling principles through case analysis Take it from the
Expert!

II. Chapter Pre Test

Act.1
Anticipation Reaction Guide
Direction: The following statements enable you to reflect on or figure – out your level of
understanding about counseling. You are required to agree or disagree with each of the
following statements. Before the chapter study. Place a check mark (/) on the Before the
Chapter Study column if you agree with the statement and cross (X) if you do not agree.
After the Chapter Study. Place a check mark (/) on the After the Chapter Study column if you
agree with the statement and a cross mark (X) if you do not agree

Before the Study Statements After the Chapter Study

Counseling as an art is the
subjective dimension of
counseling. It acclaims a
flexible and creative process
whereby the counselor modifies

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 the approach to meet the
developing needs of clients.
Remedial goals refer to
assisting a client to overcome
and treat an undesirable
development.
Counseling happens when a
person who is distressed asks
and permits another person to
enter into a particular kind of
connection with him or her.
A licensed professional scholar
may render to individuals ,
groups, organizations , or the
general public counseling
services involving the
application of clinical counseling
principles, methods, or
procedures to assist individuals
in achieving more effective
personal, social, educational, or
career development and
adjustment.
The way we perceive or view
things, people, events and our
environment, is influenced by
our values.
Counselors treat with
confidence personal information
about clients, whether obtained
directly or indirectly by
inference.
In view of the theory of
utilitarianism in relation to
beneficence, the application of
utilitarianism would be to apply
an ethical decision in the light of
costs and benefits for each
participant.
Marriage and family counseling
refers to the efforts to establish
an encouraging relationship
with a couple or family and
appreciate the complications in
the family system.
A counselor’s primary
responsibility is to respect the
dignity and to promote the
welfare of clients.
Counselors accept employment
only for positions which they are
qualified by education, training,
supervised experience, state

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 and national professional
credentials, and appropriate
professional experience.

III. Motivation
Act.2 KWL Chart
Topic: The Discipline of Counseling

What I Know What I Want to Know What I Learned

About Counseling About Counseling About Counseling

Guide Questions:
1. What are your ideas about counseling?
2. Did you experience counseling? Why?

IV. Discussion
Counseling – For Nystul (2003) defined it as basically an art and a science wherein you endeavor
to weigh the objective and subjective facets of the counseling process.
- As an art is the subjective dimension of counseling. It upholds a flexible and creative
process whereby the counselor modifies the approach to meet the developing needs of the
clients.
- As a science, on the other hand, is the objective dimension of the counseling process.
- In practical terms, counseling happens when a person who is distressed asks for help and
permit another person to enter into a kind of connection with him/her. It is indicative with
formal of someone in search of counseling requests for time and attention from person who
will listen, who will allow him/her to speak and who will not condemn and criticize him/her.
- Informal helping- is a kin with formal helping in some ways such as presence of good
listening skills, empathy, and caring capacity.
- Based on Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004, guidance and counseling is the
profession that implicates the application of “ an integrated approach to the development of
a well-functioning individual “ through the provision of support that aids an individual to use
his/her potential to the fullest in accord with his/her interest , needs and abilities. (University
of Queensland, 2015).
- At the American Counseling Association (ACA) Conference in Pittsburgh in March 2010,
the representatives come to an agreement on a mutual definition of counseling. They
agreed that counseling is a professional relationship that empowers diverse individuals,
families and group to accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and career goals
(Kaplan, Tarvydas, and Gladding, 2014).

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 Act.3
I Need Help, Where Will I Go?
Instruction:
1. If something is bothering about life matters: academics, relationships, family, identity,
and financial concerns, with whom do you share your problem? Will you pursue formal
help or a non-formal help? Why or why not? Explain your answer.
2. Write your answer on the box.

Open Notes

Name: ____________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Goals of Counseling – the key component of individual, group, organizational and community success
-Detailed and expansive counseling goals have been identified by Gibson and Mitchell (2003), which are as
follows:
1. Development Goals – assist in meeting or advancing the clients human growth and development including
social, personal, emotional, cognitive, and physical wellness.
2. Preventive Goals – helps the client avoid some undesired outcome.
3. Enhancement Goals- enhance special skills and abilities.
4. Remedial Goals – assisting a client to overcome and treat an undesirable development
5. Exploratory Goals- examining options, testing of skills, trying new and different activities, etc.
6. Reinforcement Goals- helps client in recognizing, that what they are doing, thinking, and feeling is fine
7. Cognitive Goals-involves acquiring the basic foundation of learning and cognitive skills
8. Physiological Goals – involves acquiring the basic understanding and habits for good health
9. Psychological Goals – aids in developing good social interaction skills, learning emotional control, and
developing positive self – concept.

The presented list of counseling goals, some of which are enhancement of the above goals.

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 Goal Description
Insight Understanding of the origins and development of
emotional difficulties , leading to an increased
capacity to take rational control over feelings and
actions
Relating with others Becoming better able to form and maintain meaningful
and satisfying relationships with other people : for
example , within the family or workplace
Self- awareness Becoming more aware of thoughts and feelings that
had been blocked off or denied, or developing a more
accurate sense of how self is perceived by others.
Self- acceptance The development of a positive attitude toward self,
marked by an ability to acknowledge areas of
experience that had been the subject of self- criticism
and rejection
Self – actualization Moving in the direction of fulfilling potential or
achieving an integration of previously conflicting parts
of self.
Enlightenment Assisting the client to arrive at a higher state of
spiritual awakening
Problem- Solving Finding a solution to a specific problem that the client
had not been able to resolve alone. Acquiring a
general competence in problem – solving
Psychological education Enabling the client to acquire ideas and techniques
with which to understand and control behavior
Acquisition of Social Skills Learning and mastering social and interpersonal skills
such as maintenance of eye contact , turn taking in
conversations, assertive, or anger control
Cognitive change The modification or replacement of irrational beliefs or
mal adaptive thought patterns associated with self-
destructive behavior
Behavior change The modification or replacement of maladaptive or
self- destructive patterns of behavior.
Systematic change Introducing change into the way in that social systems
operate
Empowerment Working on skills , awareness, and knowledge that will
enable to client to take control of his or her own life
Restitution Helping the client to make amends for previous
destructive behavior
Generality Inspiring in the person a desire and capacity to care
for others and pass on knowledge and to contribute to
the collective good through political engagement

Act. 4
In What Way Will Counseling Empower Me?
Instruction:

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 1. In our discussion on counseling goals, John McLeod contends that: “counseling aims to empower the
client by helping him/her make critical decisions in life, develop ability to cope, enhance effectiveness,
and improve quality of life”.
2. What do you think about this statement? Do you accept or support it? How will it empower you? Explain
your answer.
3. Write your answer in the box.

Open Notes

Name:__________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Scope of Counseling
_______________________________________________________________________________
The wide ranges of human problems create a widened scope and field of counseling. Broadly, the
scope of counseling includes individual counseling, marital and premarital counseling, family
counseling, and community counseling. A more focused subject matter related to scope of counseling
is the 4757-15 Scope of Practice foe Licensed Professional Counselors. It contains the rights and
responsibilities of licensed counselors including the following:

Licensed Professional Counselors may for a fee, salary, or other considerations

1. Afford counseling services to individuals, groups, organizations, or the general public
compromising of: application of clinical counseling principles, methods, or procedures
to assist individuals in realizing effective personal, social, educational, or career
development and adjustment.
2. “apply clinical counseling principles, methods , and procedures “, means an approach
to counseling that emphasizes the counselor’s role in systematically assisting clients
through all of the following: assessing and analyzing emotional conditions , exploring
possible solutions, and developing and providing treatment plan for mental and
emotional adjustment or development. It may include counseling, appraisal,
consulting, supervision, administration, and referral.
3. Engage in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders when under
the supervision of a professional clinical counselor, psychologist, psychiatrists,
independent marriage and family therapist, or independent social worker.
4. Provide training supervision for students and registered counselor trainees when
services are within their scope of practice, which does not include supervision of the
diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders.

Source:
http:codes.ohio.gov/oac/4757-15

Core Values- is a key component of an organization. It has significant influence on other

organizational components, more specifically, to its members. It serves as standards that shape the
members behavior in their interaction with their clients and other people.

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

According to Mcleod (2003) ,the founders of humanistic psychology, including Maslows and
Rogers ,highlighted the importance of values.
Ethical Principles of counseling which are follows:

Ethical Principles These are the ideas that underpin both personal and
professional codes.
1. Autonomy of individuals
 Is based on the right to freedom of action and
freedom of choice in so far as the pursuit of
these freedom does not interfere with the
freedom of others ; counseling cannot happen
unless the client has made a free choice to
participate

2. Principle of Non maleficence

 This refers to instruction to all helpers or
healers that they must ,above all, do no harm;
 Beneficence refers to the order to promote
human welfare

3. Principle of Justice
 Concerned with the fair distribution of
resources and services , unless there is some
acceptable reason for treating them differently
 For counseling , the principle has particular
relevance to the question access

General Moral Theories  The BACP Ethical Framework for Good Practice ,
drawing on virtues perspective also identified a set of
personal qualities that all practitioners should
possess: empathy, sincerity, integrity, resilience,
respect, humility, competence, fairness, wisdom and
courage

Open Notes
Name:_______________________________________________________________________________
Act.5 Which Counseling Principle I Agree Most?
____________________________________________________________________________________
Instruction:
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
1. Among those four ethical principle that we discuss in class, namely , principle of autonomy of
____________________________________________________________________________________
individuals, principles of non-maleficence, principle of justice, and principle of fidelity, which will
____________________________________________________________________________________
you choose to present? Why this principle? What aspect of the principle influences you?
____________________________________________________________________________________
Please explain.
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Write your answers on the box.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020
 V. Application
Act. 6 Take It from the Expert! (Presentation)
To be able to appreciate better the counseling profession, the class will be divided into six
groups. Each group is required to interview a counselor from any of the counselor’s work
settings: school, mental hospital, private agencies, community, and government. You interview
must focus on:
3. Institutional Profile:
The Work Setting (institution or agency where the counselor works) its context, history, the
different cases/ problems it handles , the program implements, and the different approaches
and interventions it applies; the problems that the institution face and the victories and
successes of the institution.
4. The counselor
The Counselor as a Professional – Questions may include: When did you start working
as a counselor in the institution? What programs do you handle? What are responsibilities?
What skills, values must a counselor possess? How do you see yourself as a counselor?
What do you enjoy doing? What do you avoid doing? What challenges do you encounter as
a counselor? What helps you in your work? What education and training do you need to
enhance your work? What other message do you want to convey?

Results and analysis of data from your interview must be written in a report. Formulate your
own title – a title which will embrace the data collected. The ethics forms (letter of
permission, consent from the institution and the counselor) will be submitted together with
the report.

Guide Questions:
1. Based on your activity did you see the roles, values and principles of counseling?
What are those? Explain.
2. For you is it counseling is a big responsibility? Why?

VI. Valuing
1. What are the importance of counseling?
2. If you give a chance to become a counselor what are the characteristics do you think
that a counselor should have and why?

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

VII. Posttest
Direction: The following statements enable you to reflect on or figure – out your level of
understanding about counseling. You are required to agree or disagree with each of the
following statements. After the Chapter Study. Place a check mark (/) on the After the Chapter
Study column if you agree with the statement and a cross mark (X) if you do not agree

Statements After the Chapter Study

Counseling as an art is the subjective
dimension of counseling. It acclaims a
flexible and creative process whereby the
counselor modifies the approach to meet the
developing needs of clients.
Remedial goals refer to assisting a client to
overcome and treat an undesirable
development.
Counseling happens when a person who is
distressed asks and permits another person
to enter into a particular kind of connection
with him or her.
A licensed professional scholar may render
to individuals , groups, organizations , or the
general public counseling services involving
the application of clinical counseling
principles, methods, or procedures to assist
individuals in achieving more effective
personal, social, educational, or career
development and adjustment.
The way we perceive or view things, people,
events and our environment, is influenced by
our values.
Counselors treat with confidence personal
information about clients, whether obtained
directly or indirectly by inference.
In view of the theory of utilitarianism in
relation to beneficence, the application of
utilitarianism would be to apply an ethical
decision in the light of costs and benefits for
each participant.
Marriage and family counseling refers to the
efforts to establish an encouraging
relationship with a couple or family and
appreciate the complications in the family
system.
A counselor’s primary responsibility is to
respect the dignity and to promote the
welfare of clients.
Counselors accept employment only for
positions which they are qualified by
education, training, supervised experience,
state and national professional credentials,
and appropriate professional experience.

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 VIII. Assignment
Search for the following:
- Roles , Functions and Competencies of counseling
- Career Opportunities and Areas of Specialization of Counselors

CHAPTER 2 Discipline of Counseling

MELC: value rights, responsibilities, and accountabilities of counselors
2. Professionals and Practitioners in Counseling
2.1 Roles, functions, and competencies of counselors
2.2 Areas of specialization where counselors work
2.3 Career opportunities of counselors
2.4 Rights, Responsibilities, Accountabilities, and Code of Ethics

Content Standard: The learners demonstrate an understanding of professionals and practitioners in

counseling
Performance Standard: The learners shall be able to undertake participant observation (e.g., a day in a life of
counselor) to adequately document and critique their roles, functions, and competencies

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

WEEK 3

Lesson 2 Professionals and Practitioners in Counseling

I. Objectives
1. To show an understanding of the roles and functions of counseling and value rights
,responsibilities , and accountabilities
2. To identify specific areas of specialization of counselors and career opportunities for counselors
3. To distinguish between ethical and unethical behaviors among counselors
4. To demonstrate understanding of values and rights and responsibilities through a debate

II. Pretest

Recall
Instruction:
1. You recall as many roles and functions of counselors that you are aware off.
2. Write your answers on the notes box below.
3. Choose one role/function and identify the competencies required of role / function.

Open Notes
Name:_______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

II. Discussion
Roles and Functions of Counselors
According to Gibson and Mitchell (2003) a helping profession is composed of members “who are
especially trained and licensed to perform a unique and service for fellow human beings”.

Roles / Functions Description

Individual Assessment Seeks to identify the characteristics and potential of
every client ; promotes the client’s self-understanding
and assisting counselors to understand the client
better
Individual Counseling Considers as the core activity through which other
activities become meaningful. It is a client –centered
process that demand confidentiality. Relationship is

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 established between counselor and client.
Group Counseling and Guidance Groups are means of providing organized and
planned assistance to individuals for an array of
needs. Counselor provides assistance through group
counseling and group guidance.
Career Assistance Counselors are called on to provide career planning
and adjustment assistance to clients.
Placements and Follow -Up A service of school counseling programs with
emphasis on educational placements in course and
programs.
Referral It is the practice of helping the clients find needed
expert assistance that the referring counselor cannot
provide.
Consultation It is the process of helping a client through a third
party or helping system improve its service to its
clientele.
Research It is necessary to advance the profession of
counseling; it can provide empirically based data
relevant to the ultimate goal of implementing effective
counseling.
Evaluation and Accountability Evaluation is a means of assessing the effectiveness
of counselor’s activities.
Accountability is an outgrowth of demand that schools
and other tax-supported institutions be held
accountable for their actions.
Prevention This includes promotion of mental health through
primary prevention using a social – psychological
perspective.

Competencies of Counselors
Seven distinct competence areas of counselors. There might be other areas but we will focus on the input of
McLeod (2003).
1. Interpersonal Skills –counselors who are competent display ability to listen, communicate ; empathize ; be
present ; aware of nonverbal communication; sensitive to voice quality , responsive to expressions of emotion,
turn taking, structure of time and use of language .
2. Personal beliefs and Attitude- counselors have the capacity to accept others, belief in potential of change,
awareness of ethical and moral choices and sensitive to values held by client and self.
3. Conceptual ability – counselors have the ability to understand and assess client’s problem; to anticipate
future problems; make sense of immediate process in terms of wider conceptual scheme to remember
information about the client.
4. Personal Soundness – counselors must have no irrational beliefs that are destructive to counseling
relationships, self-confidence ,capacity to tolerate strong of uncomfortable feelings in relation to the clients,
secure personal boundaries, ability to be a client ; must carry no social prejudice, ethnocentrism and
authoritarianism.
5. Mastery of Techniques – counselors must have a knowledge of when and how to carry out specific
interventions, ability to assess effectiveness of the interventions, understanding the rationale behind
techniques, possession of wide repertoire of intervention

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

6. Ability to understand and work within social system – this would be compromise of awareness of family and
work relationships of client the impact of agency on the clients, the capacity to use support networks and
supervision ; sensitivity to client from different gender, ethnicity , sexual orientation, or age group.
7. Openness to learning and inquiry – counselors must have the capacity to be curious about client’s
backgrounds and problems; being open to new knowledge
Career Opportunities and Areas of Specialization of Counselors
1. Marriage and Family Counseling – refers to the efforts to establish an encouraging relationship with
couple or family and appreciate the complications in the family system.
2. Child and Adolescent Counseling – is a developing area of expertise in counseling profession. The
counseling strategies focus on helping children and adolescents acquire coping skills through promotion of
resiliency, positive attachment relationship, emotional and intellectual intelligence, and other qualities that
promote optional development.
3. Group Counseling – is the dynamic field in the counseling profession. Group counseling as a practice can
be located in most counseling programs and became the essential part of counselor’s system. Group
counseling offers the following : opportunities to members to learn from observing other group members ; can
functions as helpers and helps ; opportunities to discover that you others have similar concerns ; members are
encouraged to offer help to others ;opportunities to enhance interpersonal skills; the therapeutic climate
created similar as the client’s family origin.
4. Career Counseling –is an evolving and challenging counseling field. This type of counseling aids individual
on decisions and planning concerning their career. The counseling approach includes integrating theory and
practice. Adopted Savickas ( 1996 )as cited Nystul ( 20003 ) adopted the model of Wagner ( 1971) on
structural analysis of personality to the realm of vocational psychology. The model consist of vocational career
services, occupational placement , vocational guidance , career counseling , career education , career therapy,
and position coaching.
5. School Counseling- refers to the process of reaching out students with concerns on drugs, family and
peers or gang involvement. The job requires sensitivity to individual differences and considers diversity in
enhancing educational perspective. The job requires skills on consultation, counseling’s exceptional students
and with the ability to handle problems such as drug abuse, teenage pregnancy, divorced or single parents,
dropping out of school.
6. Mental Health Counseling - is manifested in the challenges posed by its clientele with mental disorders.
Mental disorders include serious depression, schizophrenia, and substance abuse. Mental health counselors
have to be inventive, and creative to address these problems. The job requires patience, humility, kindness
and compassion.

Rights and Responsibilities, and Accountabilities of Counselors ( MIDTERM)

Code of ethics help counselors to remind them of their rights, responsibilities and accountabilities in the
counseling profession. The rights, responsibilities and accountabilities of the counselors are based on the
counselors associations of Code of Conduct.
The code of ethics of the counselors is divided into seven sections, namely , (a) counseling relationship,
(b) confidentiality (c) professional responsibility (d) relationships with other professionals , (e) evaluation,
assessment, and interpretation, (f) teaching ,training and supervision (g) research and publication.( Gladding ,
2000 ). We shall only presenting in details three of the seven areas, namely, counseling relationships,
confidentiality, and professional responsibility. The following three tables below provide a sample code of
ethics of the American Counseling Association.

Areas Description
The Counseling Relationships
1. Client welfare Counselor’s primary responsibility is to

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 respect the dignity and promote the welfare of
clients. They are also expected to encourage
client’s growth. Counselors and clients are
expected to work together in crafting
individual counseling plans consistent with the
client’s circumstances.
2. Respecting Diversity Counselors do not engage in discrimination
based on age, color, culture, disability, ethnic
group, gender, race, religion, sexual
orientation, marital status and socio economic
status. Counselors shall respect differences
and understand the diverse cultural
backgrounds of their clients.
3. Client Rights Counselors shall disclose the purposes,
goals, techniques, procedures, limitations,
potential risks, benefits of the services to be
performed and other pertinent information to
the client throughout the counseling process.
Counselors offer clients the freedom to
choose whether to enter into a counseling
relationship and determine which professional
will provide counseling, except when the client
is unable to give consent.
4. Clients Served by others In cases where the client is receiving services
from another mental health professional, with
clients consent, inform the professional
person already involved to develop an
agreement.
5. Personal Needs and values Maintain the clients and avoid actions that
seek to meet their personal needs at the
expense of the clients. Counselors shall be
aware of their values, attitudes, beliefs, and
behavior and how these apply in a diverse
society and avoid imposing their values on
clients.
6. Dual Relationships Counselors are aware of their influential
position over their clients avoid the exploiting
the trust and dependency of the clients.
Counselors should not accept as superiors or
subordinates clients’.
7. Sexual Intimacies with Clients Counselors should not have any type of
sexual intimacies with clients and do not
counsel persons with whom they have sexual
relationship. Counselors should not also
engage with sexual intimacies with their
former clients within a minimum of two years.
8. Multiple Clients In cases where counselors agree to provide
counseling services to two or more persons
who have a relationship, counselors clarify at
the outset which person or persons are clients
and the nature of relationship they will have
with each other involved person.
9. Group Work Counselors screen prospective group
counseling / therapy participants to determine

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 those with compatible needs. In group setting,
counselors take reasonable precautions to
protect clients from physical or psychological
trauma.
10. Fees Prior to entering the counseling relationship,
the counselors clearly explain the clients all
financial arrangements related to professional
fees.

Source: Gladding, 2000

Areas
Confidentiality
1.Right to Privacy  Counselors respect a client’s right to privacy
and avoid illegal and unwarranted disclosures of
unwarranted information.
 The right to privacy may be waived by the
clients or their legally recognized
representative.
 The general requirement that the counselors
keep the information confidential does not apply
when disclosure is required to prevent clear
and imminent danger to the client or others or
when legal requirements demand that
confidential information is be revealed.
 Counselors who received information confirming
that a client has a disease known to be
communicable and fatal is justified in disclosing
information to an identifiable third party, who by
his/her relationship with the client is at high risk
of contracting the disease.
 When court orders the counselors to release
confidential information without client’s permit,
counselors request to the court that the
disclosure should not be required due to
potential harm to client or counseling
relationship.
2. Group and Families  In group work, counselors clearly define
confidentiality and parameters for the specific
group being entered, explain its importance,
and discuss difficulties related to confidentiality
involved in group work.
 In family counseling, information about one
family cannot be disclosed to another member
without permission.
3. Minor Incompetent client  When counseling clients who are minors or
individuals who are unable to give voluntary,
informed consent, parents or guardians may be
included in the counseling process as
appropriate.
4. Records  Counselors maintain necessary records for
rendering professional services to their clients
and as required by laws, regulations, or agency
or institution procedures.
 Counselors are responsible for securing safety
and confidentiality of any counseling record they
create, maintain, transfer, or destroy whether
the records are written, taped, computerized, or
stored in any other medium.

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

  Counselors recognized that counseling records
are kept for the benefits of the clients therefore
provide access to record and copies of record
when requested by competent clients unless it
contains information that may be misleading or
detrimental to the clients.
 Counselors obtain written permission from
clients to disclose or transfer records to
legitimate third parties unless exception to
confidentiality exists.
5. Research and Training  Use of data derived from counseling
relationships for purposes of training ,research ,
or publication is confined to content that is
disguised to ensure the anonymity of the
individuals involved. Identification of the client
involved is permissible only when the client has
reviewed the material and has agreed to its
presentation or publication.
6. Consultation  Information obtained in consulting relationship is
discussed for professional purposes only with
persons clearly concerned with the case. Before
sharing information, counselors make efforts to
ensure that there defined policies that
effectively protect the confidentiality of
information with other agencies serving the
counselors clients.

Source: Gladding, 2000

Areas Description
Professional Responsibility
1. Standards Knowledge  Counselors have a responsibility to read,
understand, and follow the Code of Ethics and
Standards of Practice
2. Professional Competence  Counselors practice only within the boundaries
of their competence based on their education,
training, supervised experience, state and
national professional credentials and
appropriate professional experience.
Counselors will demonstrate a commitment to
gain knowledge, personal awareness,
sensitivity, and skills pertinent to working with
diverse client population.
 Counselors practice specialty areas new with to
them only after appropriate education, training,
and supervised experience. While developing
skills in new specialty area, counselors take
step to ensure the competence of their work
and to protect other from possible harm.
 Counselors accept employment only for
positions which they are qualified by education,
training, supervise experience, state and
national professional credentials, and
appropriate professional experience.
 Counselors continually monitor their
effectiveness as professionals and take steps to
improve their skills and knowledge.
 Counselors refrain from offering or accepting
professional services when their physical,

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 mental, or emotional problems are like to harm
clients or others.

IV. Posttest
Act. 2 Count Me In, Count me Out: Will I Give up My Job or Not?
Instruction:
1. In the area of counseling relationships of the Code of Conduct, it states that “Counselors should not
have any type of sexual intimacies with clients and do not counsel persons with whom they have sexual
relationship. Counselors should not also engage with sexual intimacies with their former clients within a
minimum of two years.”
2. What if you are counselor and you have fallen in love with your client and the client has also fallen in
love with you. Since, it is unethical to pursue the relationship; you will quit your job. Your job is also important
to you. Now, what will be your decision?
3. The class will be divided into two. The first group will choose,” quit the job.” The second group will
choose, stay on the job”. Why? Which is more ethical? Why is it more ethical? Support your answer .Explain
your answer in form of debate.

Act. 3 Will I report My Client or Not

Instruction:
1. In the area of confidentiality of the Code of Ethics, there is a portion on client’s right to privacy. What if the
counselor, in his/her conversation with the client, found out that the client accidentally killed a person, will you
report the client to police or not? Explain your answer.
2. The class will be divided into two. The first group will choose the position of disclosing the information to the
right authorities. The other group will take the position of not disclosing the information to the authorities. What
is your position? Why?
3. Share your answer through the debate.
4. Will I report? Or will not report?

Superior - 4 Proficient - 3 Poor - 2 Unsatisfactory - 1 Score

Used many facts Used some facts Used few facts Did not present facts to
to support all arguments. to support all to support arguments. support arguments.
arguments.

Most arguments were Some arguments Few arguments were

All arguments were logical logical and convincing were logical and logical and convincing
and convincing convincing

Communicated clearly and Seldom Failed to communicate

confidently; maintained eye Communicated clearly; communicated clearly; clearly; no eye contact;
contact; excellent voice frequent eye contact; poor eye contact; poor monotone delivery.
inflection and delivery rate. good voice and delivery voice and delivery
rate. rate.

Addressed all opponent Addressed most of Addressed some of Did not address
arguments with counter- opponent’s arguments opponent’s arguments opponent’s arguments.
evidence. with counter-evidence. with counter-evidence.

Total Score:

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

V. Valuing
1. What are the importance of counseling?
2. If you give a chance to become a counselor are you going to grab it? Why or Why not?
VI. Generalization
1. What are roles of counseling?
2. What Careers opportunities and areas of specialization of counselors?
3. What are the roles and functions of counseling?

Chapter 2 Discipline of Counseling

MELC: Illustrate the different processes and methods involved in counseling
3. Clientele and Audiences in Counseling
3.1 Characteristics and needs of various types of clientele and audiences
3.1.1 Individuals
3.1.2 Groups and Organizations
3.1.3 Communities

Content Standard: The learners demonstrate an understanding of clientele and audiences in counseling
Performance Standard: The learners shall be able to use acceptable research protocols, conduct a survey
among young adults (i.e., ages 18-21) on their counseling needs and present results and recommendation for
class discussion.

WEEK 4

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

Lesson 3 Professionals and Practitioners in Counseling

I. Objectives
1. To identify and describe the different types of clientele and audience of counseling.
2. To describe the characteristics and needs of the different types of clientele
3. To distinguish the needs of individuals, groups, organizations, and communities
4. To demonstrate appreciation of counseling clientele through a clientele analysis.

II. Pretest
Modified KUD Chart

Topic: Clientele and Audiences in Counseling

Know Understand Do

KNOW includes the key counselling and audiences

UNDERSTAND the significance of counselling
DO include what counsellors do in their real-world wok environments
III. Discussion
Counseling and Its Clientele and Audience
The clientele and audiences of the counseling profession come from different settings. Counselors
deal with a mixture of people with different concerns and issues.
- People who abuse drugs – drug abuse is not just harmful to our physical health but to our
mental health as well. It cannot be denied that the drug addiction create more social
problems and contribute to social disintegration. Consequently, more youth victims cry for
help and seek for counselors’ attention.
- People who use Tobacco – slowly our population recognizes the bad effects of tobacco to
our health. However, many people still use and continue use tobacco even if it is deadly.
Users find it difficult to stop smoking. Hence, smokers who desire to quit tobacco were
added to the list of the counselor’s audiences.
- People who abuse alcohol – alcoholism is seen as a disease alcoholics find it difficult to
stop drinking on their own. This requires help from a professional as it requires appropriate
treatment. However, an equally important paradigm is to look at alcoholism as a weakness
of self – control and self –discipline .therefore this requires intervention other than treatment.
- Women – most men still have less participation in household responsibilities and child care.
In this case, women’s advancement is constrained. What complicates this situation is the
women’s perception about themselves and the society’s expectations. Counselors are
responsible in helping women appreciate their own values, abilities, aptitudes, and interests
and to utilize these to develop their full potential. ( Gibson and Mitchel ,2003 )
- Older Adults – a transition from a busy life to retirement stage must be instituted. This is a
challenge to the counseling profession. other issues that require attention of counseling

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 include loss of a partner ,decline of mental capacity and mobility, increased loneliness
,decline in financial security etc.
- People with AIDS –acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been labeled as the
most feared disease due to its incurability. Victims of this disease are seeking help to
improve their quality of life and to handle their emotional stress and low self-esteem.
Counseling’s approach requires sensitivity and appreciation of the intricacies of the disease.
Counselors may also help in assisting and educating the victims’ support system.
- Victims of Abuse – this population represents victims of domestic violence characterized
by spouse and child abuses. Spouse abuse is often associated with poverty, drug abuse
and career disappointments. The abuse has also become rampant and has caused
psychological damage to the victims. The counselors are increasingly utilized to help the
victims.
- Gay Men and Lesbian Women- they are usually the victims of harassment, violence,
discrimination, and isolation. Gays and lesbians, like other sectors of the society, suffer from
peer denial, family clash, health uncertainties and prejudgment. Counseling will focus on
self-awareness, self- acceptance and understanding.
IV. Activity
Act. Analyzing the Context of counseling Clients
Instruction:
1. Choose one among the identified counseling clientele. Choose a particular problem that this type of clients
( i.e., youth suffering from depression ) face.
2. Read related cases about this type of clients.
3. Write paper: profile of this type of clients, discuss and analyze their situation, and the difficulties and
challenges they face.

V. Valuing
Watch a video clip about RESPECTING OTHERS

Guide Questions;
1. What is the message of the video clip?
2. How do we relate our topic to this video clip?
3. As a counselor how is it important to respect others?

VI. Posttest
1. Who are the clientele and audiences of counselor?

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

2. What are their needs and demands?
3. Why they are become the clientele for counseling?
Research for the following:
- Counseling and its processes, methods, and tools

Lesson 4
COUNSELING AND ITS WORK SETTINGS

Content Standard: The learners demonstrate an understanding of settings, processes, methods, and tools in
counseling.
Performance Standard: The learners shall be able to use the results of the survey conducted, critically
evaluate whether the needs of the respondents are addressed by the practitioners and pertinent institutions.

I. Objectives

1. To identify the setting where the counselors can be found.

2. To demonstrate appreciation of counselors work setting through locating the counselors work settings in
Metro Manila.

II. Pretest
Act. 1 Locating the Counselors

Instruction:

1. Imagine that you are an agent.

2. Your role is to locate the work settings of the counselors.
3. Map out and draw their work setting.
Notes Box

Use the notes box below for your drawing.

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

Guide Questions:
1. How can you describe the work setting of a counselor?
2. What would be the surroundings of the counselor work place?
3. What would be your expectations about the work setting of a counselor?

III. Discussion
Counseling and Its Work settings
- Counselors in Schools – has grown rapidly. According to Gibson and Mitchell (2003),
counselors are recognized especially in the preventive interventions and developmental
stage. There are elementary school counselors, junior high school counselors, secondary
school counselors, counselors in vocational schools, counselors in higher education, and
counselors in community and junior colleges. The counseling service in the schools is
usually located under the student affairs program. It is under the supervision of the Dean of
Students Affairs.
- Counselors in the Community Setting – refers to employment in community, agency, and
other non-school professional situations. Counselors can be found in community and
mental health agencies, employment and rehabilitation agencies, correctional settings, and
marriage and family practice. ( Gibson and Mitchell , 2003 )
- Counselors in the Private Sector – refers to counselors who decided to do full time work
as private practitioners or engage in part – time private practice while employed by
community agencies. This is feasible if the counselors expertise and specialization matches
or relevant to an adequate client population in the geographic area. ( Gibson and Mitchell ,
2003 )
- Counselors in the Government - counselors are also present in various agencies of
government or institutions supported by the government that are into social welfare, health,
and education. Relevant agencies or institutions include public schools, public social welfare
agencies such as that for theOpen Notes
youth, children, and the aging.
Name:_______________________________________________________________________________
IV. Activity
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
Act. 2 Where are the counselors?
____________________________________________________________________________________
Instruction:
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
1. Your task is to locate the counselors in Manila through internet.
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which work setting can you find many of the counselors? What could be the reason why many of the
____________________________________________________________________________________
counselors in that particular setting ? Please explain.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Write your answer in the box below.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020
V. Valuing
1. What is the importance to know where the counselors work?
2. If you are going to become a counselor what particular work setting are you going to and why?
VI. Postest
1. Give the different work settings of counseling.
2. What are the reasons why they are in deploy in different work settings?

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

WEEK 5
LESSON 5 COUNSELING AND ITS PROCESSES, METHODS, AND TOOLS
MELC: Explain the principles and core values of social work
CONTENT STANDARD – the learners demonstrate an understanding settings, processes, methods, and tools
in counseling
Performance standard – the learners should be able to use the results of the survey conducted, critically
evaluate whether the needs of the respondents are addressed by the practitioners and pertinent institutions
and propose suggestions on how needs can be effectively addressed
Counseling and Its Process
I. Objectives
1. Discuss the different processes in counseling.
2. Illustrate the different processes in counseling.
3. Demonstrate understanding of the processes of counseling.

II.
Pretest
Matching Type: Match the items in column A with items in column B.

A B
Relationship Building This serves as the window for the counselor to have a
thorough appreciation of the client’s condition.

It shall serve as the parameter of work and the client –

Assessment and Diagnosis counselor relationship.

The essential goal in counseling to witness a client

Formulation of Counseling Goals progress on his/her own without the assistance of the

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 counselor.

Research and Evaluation This stage can be undertaken at any point in

counseling stage.

Termination and Follow –up

The guidelines include the following : ( a ) the
counselor has to provide a mapping of the different
approaches offered , (b) describe the role of the
counselor and client for each procedure ,(c) identify
Intervention and Problem solving possible risks and benefits that may come and (d)
estimate the time and cost of each procedure.

This is the heart of the counseling process because it

provides the force and foundation for the counseling
to succeed.

III. Discussion
There are six stages of the counseling process, namely, relationship building, assessment and diagnosis,
formulation of the counseling goals, intervention and problem solving, termination and follow –up, and research
and evaluation.
1. Stage One: Relationship Building
 This is the heart of counselling process because it provides the force and foundation for the
counselling to succeed.
 This stage involves establishing rapport,
 promote acceptance of the client as a person with worth,
 establishing genuine interaction,
 promote direct mutual communication
 helping clients understand themselves,
 helping client focus and
 Slowly promote counselling relevant communication, from the client.

2. Stage Two: Assessment and Diagnosis

 One of the most crucial stages.
 This serves as the window for the counsellor to have a thorough appreciation of the client’s condition.
 It entails analysis of the root causes of problems.
 The data that will be gathered in diagnosis will be utilized in the formulation of goals.

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

3. Stage Three: Formulation of Counseling Goals
 Goals are important as it sets the direction of the counselling process.
 It shall serve as the parameter of work and the client-counsellor relationship.
 Counselling goals may be treated as a process goal or outcome goal.
 The client and counsellor must agree on the counselling goals.
4. Stage Four: Intervention and Problem Solving
 Guidelines:
 A. The counselor has to provide a mapping of the different approaches offered.
 B. Describe the role of the counselor and client for each procedure.
 C. Identify possible risks and benefits that may come.
 D. Estimate the time and cost of each procedure.

 Kafner and Busemeyer identified the six-stage model for problem solving
 Problem detection
 Problem definition
 Identification of alternative solutions
 Decision-making
 Execution
 Verification
5. Stage Five: Termination and Follow –up
 The essential goal in counselling is to witness a client progress on his/her own without the assistance of
the counselor.
 There are four components of termination which were identified by Quintan and Holahan:
 1. Discussion of the end of counselling
 2. Review of the course of counselling
 3. Closure of the counsellor-client relationship
 4. Discussion of the client’s future and post-counselling plan
6. Stage Six: Research and Evaluation
 This stage can be undertaken at any point in the counselling stage.
 Research and evaluation are fundamental part of the evaluation.
 Results of the research provide a scientific appreciation of the counselling situation.

IV. Activity

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 Role playing: What if I am the Counselor?
3 2 1

Creativity The role play is The role play is somewhat The role play shows
And presentation Creative and effectively creative and effective little creativity or
written and is presented and/or the presentation is effectiveness and/or is
well. adequate. not well presented.
Diction The role play having the The role play having the The role having the
appropriate connections appropriate identified inappropriate
between identified problems problems and the concepts connection between
and the concepts studied in studied in class but problems identified and
class somewhat unclear the concepts studied in
class

Visual aids The role play makes The role play The role play
(props) good use of visual aids includes visual aids does not include any
or props. or props, but they do visual aids or props
not significantly
contribute to the
commercial and/or
they are not well done.
Within time The role play is The role play l is The role play is
frame (7minutes ) presented within the time presented slightly outside Presented significantly
frame. the time frame. outside the time frame.

Group Work The group functioned The group functioned The group functioned
exceptionally well. All pretty well. Most fairly well but was
members listened to, members listened to, dominated by one or
shared with and shared with and two members. The
supported the efforts of supported the efforts of group (all members)
others. The group (all others. The group (all was almost always
members) was almost members) was almost on task!
always on task! always on task!

Instruction:
1. We already discussed the six stages of the counseling processes, namely, relationship building, assessment
and diagnosis, formulation of counseling goals, intervention and problem solving, termination and follow –up
and research and evaluation. To determine your appreciation of the counseling processes, you are required to
perform a role play depicting the different stages of the counseling processes.
2. Class will be divided into 5 groups. Each group will identify a typical youth counseling case, i.e., victim of
bullying, difficulty)
3. Divide the tasks (counselor, client, friends of the client, family of the client, etc.) among your group
members. Present at least 5-8 minutes.
4. Develop the plot and story line and present it in class.

V. Valuing
1. Why is it important to know the processes of counseling?
2. For you what is the most important stage of counseling and why?
3. As a student what is the significance of studying the processes of counseling and how can you apply it?

VI. Assessment
Matching Type: Match the items in column A with items in column B.

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 A B
Relationship Building This serves as the window for the counselor to have a
thorough appreciation of the client’s condition.

It shall serve as the parameter of work and the client –

Assessment and Diagnosis counselor relationship.

The essential goal in counseling to witness a client

Formulation of Counseling Goals progress on his/her own without the assistance of the
counselor.

This stage can be undertaken at any point in

Research and Evaluation counseling stage.

Termination and Follow –up The guidelines include the following : ( a ) the
counselor has to provide a mapping of the different
approaches offered , (b) describe the role of the
counselor and client for each procedure ,(c) identify
possible risks and benefits that may come and (d)
Intervention and Problem solving
estimate the time and cost of each procedure.

This is the heart of the counseling process because it

provides the force and foundation for the counseling
to succeed.

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

Lesson 5 Counseling and Its Methods
I. Objectives
1. Discuss the different methods in counseling.
2. Understand the different methods in counseling though a comparative summary of counseling theories
and methods.
3. Demonstrate some method in counseling theory specially Gestalt’s Technique though answering open
notes.

II. Discussion
Methods in Counseling
 1. CLASSIC THEORIES -The psychological theories developed by Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and
Carl Jung are considered as the classic schools for the reason that they primed the underpinning of
clinical practice.
 a. FREUD’S PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY -The approach of Freud in counselling and psychotherapy is
popularly known as psychoanalysis which is an analysis of the mind. Its objective is to restructure the
personality by resolution of intrapsychic conflict, which focuses in the internal forces such as
unconscious processes .It focuses on personal adjustment through reorganization of internal forces within the
person to help him/her become aware of the unconscious aspect of his/her personality. It focuses on personal
adjustment through reorganization of internal forces within the person to help him/her become aware of the
unconscious aspect of his/her personality.

 Psychoanalysis has three goals:

1. to help clients gain insights about themselves
2. to help clients work unstuck issues
3. to help clients cope with the stresses of the society.
 The following techniques may be used:
1. FREE ASSOCIATION- a method to encourage the patient to discuss whatever comes to his mind in
order to release suppressed emotions.
2. DREAM ANALYSIS- a method to explore unconscious process using dreams.
3. CONFRONTATION AND CLARIFICATION- a form of feedback procedure for patients to become
aware of what is happening to him/her and to determine areas for further analysis.
4. INTERPRETATION- a process of giving insights to patients about their inner conflicts which can be
reflected in resistance, transference, and other processes.

 b. ADLER’S INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 The approach of Adler in counseling and psychotherapy focuses on the role of cognition is
psychological functioning.
Its objective is to gain an understanding of the clients and assess why clients behave and think in
certain ways.
 Adlerian counseling focuses on four goals:
1. establishment and maintenance of egalitarian relationship
2. analysis of client’s lifestyle
3. interpretation of client’s lifestyle in a way that promotes insight
4. reorientation and reeducation of the client with accompanying behavior change.
 Adlerian techniques can be explained in four phases of Adlerian Psychotherapy.
First Phase: ESTABLISHING THE RELATIONSHIP
-Use of listening skills
-Winning respect and offering hope
-Encouragement
 Second Phase: PERFORMING ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT
-Lifestyle Analysis
-Dream analysis may be used to conduct lifestyle analysis
 Third Phase: PROMOTING INSIGHT
-Insight Process
 Fourth Phase: REORIENTATION
-Spitting in the Client’s Soup
- The push-button techniques
-Catching oneself
-Acting as-if
-Task setting and commitment
 c. JUNG’S ANALYTIC PSYCHOLOGY
The counseling and psychology approach of Jung is referred to as psychotherapy.
Jung’s approach highlights the task of the unconscious processes in “psychological functioning”
The approach applies dreams and other procedures to determine the unconscious processes to utilize the result
to boost the functioning of personality and to enhance mental health and wellness.
 2. EXPERIENTIAL THEORIES
It falls under the affective theories which are concerned about generating impact on the emotions of clients to
effect change.
The well-known experiential theorists include Rogers and Perls
a. Roger’s Person-Centered Counseling
It has been described as the “if-then” approach.
 The following conditions were formulated by Rogers:
1. Counselor Congruence
2. Empathic Understanding
3. Unconditional Positive Regard
 b. Pearl’s Gestalt Therapy
It focuses on the here and now.
It refers to the dialogue between the therapist and the client wherein the client experiences from the inside what
the therapist observes from the outside.
The goal of the approach is awareness on the environment, of responsibility for choices, of self, and self-
acceptance.
 Gestalt’s technique include the following:
ASSUMING RESPONSIBILITY- rephrase the statement and add “I take responsibility for it”.
USING PERSONAL PRONOUNS- take personal responsibility by saying “I or me “instead of “us or us”
NOW I AM AWARE- assists the clients to get in touch with himself/herself.
THE EMPTY CHAIR TECHNIQUE- helps client work through conflicting parts of personality.
 3.COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THEORIES
a. ELLIS RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY
REBT highlights the role of cognitions on emotions with assertion that persons can be best appreciated in terms
of internal cognitive dialogue or self-talk.
REBT views the emotional disorder is associated with cognitive processes that are not rational.
 REBT TECHNIQUES:
COGNITIVE- reforming ideas that are reasonable and irrational. Focus on “defeating cognitions”.
EMOTIVE TECHNIQUES- focus on the client’s “affective or emotional domain”
 BEHAVIORAL TECHNIQUES- Focus on the full array of behavioural methods such as assertiveness training,
relaxation therapy, self-management, self-monitoring, and homework assignments.
 b. BECK’S COGNITIVE THERAPY
 TECHNIQUES:

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 DECATASTROPHIZING- referred to as “what if”.
REDEFINING- rearticulating an obstacle to something that may be useful.
 DECENTERING- This will help the client apprehend that they are not the “center of attention”.
BEHAVIORAL TECHNIQUES – this method applies a broad selection of methods to assist clients obtaining
‘essential skills, relaxing preparing for difficult situations, and exposing them to feared, preparing for difficult
situations, and exposing them to feared situations”.
 c. BERNE’S TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
Refers to examining and dissecting transactions between people.
It includes evaluating the “three ego state of parent, adult, and child of each person”.
The fundamental goal is for the client to be “autonomous, self-aware, spontaneous and have the capacity for
intimacy.”
 TECHNIQUES:
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS- assists clients to be conscious of their “three ego”.
TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS- assists clients to “learn to communicate with complementary transactions.”
SCRIPT ANALYSIS- looks into the “type of life script the client has developed and how it can be re-written.”
ANALYSIS OF GAMES- comprise of determining “what games the clients play and how the games interfere with
interpersonal functioning.”

III. APPLICATION
Let Us Apply Gestalt’s Technique
Instruction:
1. Let us do an exercise applying Gestalt’s techniques: assuming responsibility, and “now I am aware “.
2. For every technique, before completing every sentence, try to close your eyes, listen to your
thoughts, and be silent.
3. Use the box below for the exercise.
Open Notes
Name:_______________________________________________________

Assuming Responsibility
1.
__________________________________________________________________________________
______________________
and I will take responsibility for it.
2.
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________
and I will take responsibility for it.
3.________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________
and I will take responsibility for it.

I am aware
1. Now I am aware
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________
2. Now I am aware
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________
3. Now I am aware
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 Reflection Question
What did you feel?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__
__________________________________________________________________________________
__
__________________________________________________________________________________
__

What were your realizations?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__
__________________________________________________________________________________
__
__________________________________________________________________________________
__
__________________________________________________________________________________
__
__________________________________________________________________________________
__

IV. Valuing
1. What are the importance of studying the methods of counselling?
2. As a student it can be helpful to you? Why or Why not?

V. Assessment

A Comparative Summary of Counseling Theories and Methods (Knowledge)

Assessment Rubric

Category 4 3 2 1
Coverage of Captures all Captures important Captures information Captures information
the topic important information information about the about the issue about the issue
about the issue issue which will which will provide the which will provide the
which will provide the provide the audience audience little audience poor
audience full basic understanding understanding on the understanding on the
understanding on the on the issue issue issue
issue
Accuracy of the All supportive facts Almost all supportive Most supportive facts Most supportive facts
fact are accurate facts are accurate. are accurate. are inaccurate.
Sequencing of Information is Most information is Some information is Poor organization of
Information organized in a clear organized in a clear organized in a logical

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

 and logical way. and logical way. way. information.
Analysis and Provides a Provides a thorough Provides a thorough Poor analysis
evaluation discerning and analysis of some of analysis of some of
thorough problem the problems the problems
analysis of all the identified identified
problems analysis of
all the problems
presented
Relevance With appropriate With appropriate With inappropriate No connection at all
/Connection to connections between identified problems connection between
lesson identified problems and concepts studied problems identified
and the concepts in class but and the concepts
studied in class somewhat unclear studied in class
Writing Shows clarity , Shows clarity of Unclear writing ; poor Very poor writing
mechanics conciseness and ideas ; Some grammar , and
correctness ; writing grammar or spelling organization
is free of grammar errors, lacks
and spelling errors organization

Instruction: Please fill out the required information in the table below.

Theories Founder / Methods Contribution to Strengths Weaknesses

Theorist the field
Freud’s
Psychoanalytic
Theory
Adlerian
Counseling

Rogers Person –
Centered
Counseling
Perls Gestalt
Theory
Beck’s Cognitive
Theory

Ellis Rational
Emotive Therapy

Berne
Transaction

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020

Analysis

References:
Gibson , Robert L. and Mitchell ,Marriane H. Introduction to Counseling and guidance. (Sixth edition).
NJ: Merill Prentice Hall, 2003.
Gladding, Samuel T. Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession. ( Fourth Edition) .NJ and Ohio : Merill
Prentice Hall,2000.
Kaplan, David M., Tarvydas, Vilia M. and Gladding, Samuel T. “20/20: A Vision for the Future of the
Counseling: The New Consensus Definition of Counseling.” Journal of Counseling and Development.
Volume 92, 2014.
Mcleod, John. An introduction to Counseling. (Third Edition). Buckingham and Philadelphia: Open
University Press ,2003.
Nystul , Michael. Introduction to Counseling : An Art and Science Perspective.( Second Edition ). USA:
Allyn and Bacon, 2003.
Santrock, John W. Psychology. ( Seventh Edition) .USA: Mc Graw Hill,2003

ZDSPGC | Discipline and Ideas of the Applied Social Science 2020