Instructor
Mr. Sohaib Latif
Levels of Data
Roles in Database Environment:
History of Database Management Systems
Types of Database System
DBMS Architecture
Real World Data
Meta Data
MetaMeta Data
◦ Data Administrators
◦ Database Administrators
◦ Database Designers
◦ Application Developers
◦ End-Users
DA is responsible for the management of the
data resource including
Database planning
Development and maintenance of Standards,
policies and procedures
Conceptual/ logical database design.
A person who has central control over data and
programs that access this data
Following are the Functions of DBA
Create Database
Creating Users
Granting Roles & Privileges
Routine Maintenance
Backups
Monitoring disk space
Monitoring jobs running
There are two types of Database Designers which can
be distinguished in large projects.
1. Logical Database Designer
Identifies
Entities, attributes, relationships and constraints
1. Physical Database Designer
Decides how the logical Database design is to be
physically realized.
Application Program which provides required
functionality of the end users for accessing database,
is developed by Application Developers.
Interface of different users according to their
requirements is designed and developed.
End Users are the Clients for the database
◦ End users are classified according to the
way they use the system.
1. Naïve
2. Sophisticated
End users
Software interact
Application Programs Application
develop Programmers
“What” to get
DBMS Database
maintain Administrators
“How” to get
Data
Database
design Designers
Database
Users
Flat files - 1960s - 1980s
Hierarchical – 1970s - 1990s
Network – 1970s - 1990s
Relational – 1980s - present
Object-oriented – 1990s - present
Object-relational – 1990s - present
Data warehousing – 1980s - present
Web-enabled – 1990s - present
Centralized Database
A database at a single physical location,
usually employed in conjunction with
centralized data processing.
Distributed Database
A distributed database is a single logical
database that is spread physically across
computers in multiple locations that are
connected by a data communication network.
Distributed DBMS is required to deal with it.
There are two types of Centralized database
◦ Personal Computer Database
A database that is designed and used for personal
computers. i.e. MS ACCESS
◦ Client/Server database
There is a server which keeps the database and
provide the access to the clients on their
requirements, (Clients are the computer s in a
network which have to get services from server
computer) i.e. Oracle
There are two types of Distributed database
◦ Homogeneous Distributed Database
All sites have identical software (Uses same technology
on every site).
Are aware of each other and agree to cooperate in
processing user requests.
◦ Heterogeneous Distributed Database
Different sites may use different schemas and software
(Uses different technology on every site).
Sites may not be aware of each other and may provide
only limited facilities for corporation in transaction
processing.
Single User DBMS Architecture
Multi-User DBMS Architecture
◦ Teleprocessing
◦ File-Server
◦ Client Server
File Server
Database
File returned Data request
LAN
Workstation Workstation
Client-Server
Server
Database (with DBMS)
Selected data returned Data request
LAN
Client Client
Best of Luck
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