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Advanced Engine Emission Control

The document describes the swirl throttle component used in Engine D5244T4/T5/T6/T7. The swirl throttle is located in the cylinder head's inlet ports and improves combustion by increasing swirl formation at low engine speeds. It does this by closing the tangential ducts, forcing more air through the swirl ducts. The electronic control module determines the position of the swirl throttle based on load and engine speed to improve emissions and fuel efficiency. A hall sensor provides feedback to the ECM on the throttle position.

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72 views2 pages

Advanced Engine Emission Control

The document describes the swirl throttle component used in Engine D5244T4/T5/T6/T7. The swirl throttle is located in the cylinder head's inlet ports and improves combustion by increasing swirl formation at low engine speeds. It does this by closing the tangential ducts, forcing more air through the swirl ducts. The electronic control module determines the position of the swirl throttle based on load and engine speed to improve emissions and fuel efficiency. A hall sensor provides feedback to the ECM on the throttle position.

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Engine D5244T4/T5/T6/T7

2501679m

Components and functions


Swirl throttle
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) control is used to an even greater extent in order to comply with the
emission requirements of EURO4 with regard to nitrogen oxide emissions, NOx etc. One set of the cylinder
head's inlet ports, the tangential ducts, are equipped with a shutter, a so-called "swirl throttle", in order to
improve the combustion process during exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) control. By closing the throttle the
flow of air through the swirl ducts increases, which increases the swirl formation in the cylinder. This
improves the mixture of air and fuel at low engine speeds. In this way the emissions from the cylinder in
terms of unburned fuel and particles are reduced.
The principle is based on regulating the air volume passing through the tangential ducts.
By fully or partly closing the tangential ducts relatively more air will pass through the swirl ducts. With, for
example, fully closed tangential ducts all air to the cylinders is forced to pass through the swirl ducts. This
results in high air speed with an extremely powerful swirl formation. The injected fuel is distributed in the
whole combustion chamber thanks to the swirl formation which means that excess fuel is minimised in
certain areas. The combustion takes place efficiently which results in low emissions.

20 VCC, Dept. 50040, NCF0520, Theoretical Sessions, 2005, May, version 1


Engine D5244T4/T5/T6/T7

2303516m

The throttles are closed during idling and then open steplessly up to an engine speed of approx. 3000 rpm. At
an engine speed above 3000 rpm the throttles are always open. They also open if the load is high despite the
engine speed falling below 3000 rpm.
The position of the throttles is determined by the ECM based primarily on load and engine speed.
The position of the throttles is regulated by a direct current motor. The motor is directly controlled by the
ECM by means of a PWM signal. When the throttles have reached the required position the design (worm
gear) means that the position of the throttles is fixed (locked). The electric motor does not then need to be
supplied with power.
The position of the motor and thereby the throttles is registered by a hall sensor. A voltage signal between
approx. 0.3-4.7 volts is sent to the ECM where 4.7 volts is equivalent to a closed throttle.
By means of the feedback the ECM can determine if the actual position of the throttles corresponds to the
required position. If this not the case then a diagnostic trouble code (DTC) is generated.
In order that the ECM shall know the position of the throttles and to be able to compensate for any wear in
the internal components the throttle motor is operated to its mechanical stops (open/closed position) after a
certain number of ignition switch-offs.
During normal operation the electric motor is controlled so that the end positions of the throttles do not reach
a mechanical stop. This is to avoid loading the mechanism and electric motor unnecessarily.
The throttles are open when the motor is started.

VCC, Dept. 50040, NCF0520, Theoretical Sessions, 2005, May, version 1 21

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