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National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Internet of Things Lab-4

This document describes an experiment to measure the distance of an object using an ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor works by sending out ultrasonic sound waves and measuring the time it takes for the echo to return. The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor module is used, which can measure distances from 2cm to 400cm with 3mm accuracy. The speed of sound is used to calculate the distance based on the echo pulse time received by the sensor. A Python program is written to interface with the sensor using GPIO pins on the Raspberry Pi and output the distance measured.

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80 views4 pages

National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Internet of Things Lab-4

This document describes an experiment to measure the distance of an object using an ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor works by sending out ultrasonic sound waves and measuring the time it takes for the echo to return. The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor module is used, which can measure distances from 2cm to 400cm with 3mm accuracy. The speed of sound is used to calculate the distance based on the echo pulse time received by the sensor. A Python program is written to interface with the sensor using GPIO pins on the Raspberry Pi and output the distance measured.

Uploaded by

puneeth s
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

INTERNET OF THINGS LAB-4

Aim: To measure the distance of an object using Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04.

Components required: Raspberry pi kit, Breadboard, HC-SR04 and connecting wires.

Explanation:
Ultrasonic sensor works on the principle of SONAR and RADAR system which is used to
determine the distance to an object.
1. An ultrasonic sensor generates the eight 40 KHz sound (ultrasound) waves.
2. When this ultrasound hits the object, it reflects as echo which is sensed by the
receiver as shown in figure 4.1.
3. Need to transmit trigger pulse of at least 10 us through HC-SR04 Trig Pin shown in
figure 4.2. Time taken by the pulse to reach the echo pin is calculated to determine the
distance.
4. HC - SR04 provides 2cm - 400cm non-contact measurement function, the accuracy
ranging can reach to 3mm.
Specifications: Detailed specification of the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor is given in
table 4.1.
Table 4.1 HC-SR04 specifications

Sl. No Parameters Range

1 Operating Voltage, current 5V DC, 15 mA

2 Operating frequency 40 KHz

3 Range, angle 2 cm to 4m, 150

4 Trigger input signal 10 us TTL pulse

Department of Electronics and Communication Page 1


Figure 4.1 Ultrasonic sensor working

Figure 4.2 HC-SR04 Pulse signals.

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Calculations:
The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates
through an elastic medium. Speed of sound at different temperature is shown in table 4.2
Table 4.2 temperature v/s speed of sound

Temperature in Speed of sound


Sl. No
(0C) (m/s) in air
1 0 331.30
2 5 334.32
3 10 337.31
4 15 340.27
5 20 343.21
6 25 346.13
7 30 349.20
8 35 351.88

Distance = Speed * Time


346130 ∗Time of Echo pulse
Total Distance = at 25 oC
2

Total distance = 17300 * Time of Echo pulse


Program:

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO # Import Raspberry pi GPIO library


import time #Import time module
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) # Use physical pin numbering

TRIG = 3 # Variable TRIG assigned to pin number 3


ECHO = 7 # Variable ECHO assigned to pin number 7
print "Distance measurement in progress" # print message
GPIO.setup(TRIG,GPIO.OUT) # Configuring TRIG Pin as Output pin to Pi
GPIO.setup(ECHO,GPIO.IN) # Configuring ECHO Pin as Input pin to Pi

while True: #Run Infinitely


GPIO.output(TRIG, False) # Set TRIG pin to Low
print "Waiting For Sensor to Settle" # Print message
time.sleep(2) #Wait for two seconds
GPIO.output(TRIG, True) #Set TRIG pin to High
time.sleep(0.00001) # transmit trigger pulse of 10 us duration

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GPIO.output(TRIG, False) # Set TRIG pin to Low after 10 us duration

while GPIO.input(ECHO)==0: # Check if ECHO pin is Low


pulse_start = time.time() # Start the timer

while GPIO.input(ECHO)==1: # Check if ECHO pin is High


pulse_end = time.time() # End the timer

pulse_duration = pulse_end - pulse_start # Total time duration of pulse calculated

distance = pulse_duration * 17300 # Distance calculation


distance = round(distance, 2) # Round the number of decimal digits to 2 points

if distance > 2 and distance < 400: # Condition to print the distance if in range
print "Distance:",distance,"cm" #Print message
else: print"Out Of Range" # Condition to print the distance out of range

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