CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

In this year where pursuing the modernization of all things is the trend, power

consumption may lead to its shortage. Mainly, the option of generating power is

accustomed in only one source of energy and it may lead to its unavailability of the

source. Due to people’s never ending need of electricity, may it be for the work, house

devices, businesses, education, communication and even entertainment, a single

source of electricity could be insufficient for everybody’s power consumption for the

future year.

Most of the researches now is about how to conserve the energy and how to

utilize the energy in a better way. A small part is met by renewable energy technologies

such as the wind, solar, biomass, geothermal etc. Among them, the wind and solar

power sources have experienced a remarkably rapid growth. According to many

renewable energy experts, a small hybrid electric system that combines home wind

electric and home solar electric technologies offers several advantages over either

single system. Both are pollution free sources of abundant power. The idea of

combining the two power sources had a greater impact of coping up with conserving

energy in the safest way. A hybridized system can be efficiently applied to supply high

efficiency and reliable electricity to the end-users, unlike a single-renewable source.

Solar energy is energy from the sun. It is renewable, inexhaustible and environmental

pollution free. Solar charged battery systems provide power supply for complete twenty

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four hours a day irrespective of bad weather. More over solar energy is expected to be

the most promising alternate source of energy. In the other hand wind energy is the

kinetic energy associated with the movement of atmospheric air. It has been used for

hundreds of years for sailing, grinding grain and for irrigation. Wind energy systems

convert this kinetic energy to more useful forms of power. Wind energy systems for

irrigation and milling have been in use since ancient times and at the beginning of the

20th century it is being used to generate electric power. Windmills for water pumping

have been installed in many countries particularly in the rural areas. Wind turbines

transform the energy in the wind into mechanical power, which can then be used

directly for converting electric power to generate electricity. Wind speeds are low in the

summer when the sun shines brightest and longest. The wind is strong in the cold

season when less sunlight is available. Because the peak operating times for wind and

solar systems occur at different times of the day and year, hybrid systems are more

likely to produce power when you need it. Hybrid power system consist of a combination

of renewable energy source such as wind generators and solar of charge batteries and

provide power to meet the energy demand, considering the local geography and other

details of the place of installation. They are also used in stand-alone applications and

operate independently and reliably.

Combination of solar and wind energy is technologically the most option in

generating clean energy. This paper presents the Solar-Wind hybrid Power system that

harnesses the renewable source of energies in sun and wind that generates electricity.

To design a power generation system that ensures the optimum utilization of resources

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and improves the efficiency as compared with the individual mode of generation. And to

increase the reliability and reduces the dependence on one single source.

Background of the Study

In search of ways to expand the reach of power and electricity, researchers does

not set the limit in using only one source of energy. Aiming to build a greater power

generating system using not only one but combining some set of energy source can

make a better difference. The combination of two renewable sources such as solar and

wind energy has the highest potential in succeeding in the area of hybrid power

generation system. Renewable energy is naturally abundant resources, which can be

harnessed without compromising future energy needs. This renewable energy sources

like wind, solar, biomass, wave and tidal are abundant sources that can produce clean

energy. On recent time, series of renewable energy technology improvement has been

witnessed, because the cost of generating electrical power is decreasing. Although,

renewable energy is considered as the new technology of generating electricity, the

barrier associated with renewable is stochastic and unpredictable weather behavior. Its

availability varies depending on the location. That is why, it is necessary to complement

renewable with other sources like batteries. Because of this intermittent nature of

renewable, single renewable energy source tends to be problematic in terms of energy

yield and operational cost. Based on the aforementioned drawbacks, two or more

renewable are being combined to form a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES)

(Intechopen,2020). The main goal of doing this, or to improve electrical power

production, to minimize cost, to reduce negative effects associated with burning fossil

fuels and to improve the overall system efficiency.

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Objective of the study

The main aim of this study is to design and simulate a solar and wind hybrid

power generation system.

Specifically, this study aims to:

1. Design solar and wind hybrid power generation system in Solid Works Software

considering:

1.1. Material specifications

1.2. System components

2. Simulate the designed solar and wind power generation system using Solid

Works software to establish the following data and parameters:

2.1 Working capacity

2.2 . Operating speed

2.3 Performance ratio

3. Conduct an evaluation of the hybrid system model with the following parameters:

3.1 Generated Power

3.2. Photo voltaic Energy Absorbed

3.3. Wind Power

Significance of the study

This study aims to design and simulate a solar and wind hybrid power generation

system that will benefit the following sector:

To the areas of the Philippines that experience power shortage. This is also to

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help the issue of the energy crisis that the country is facing.

To the Department of Energy (DOE), this study will benefit the government’s

responsibility of relative to energy exploration, development, utilization, distribution and

conservation.

To the Batangas State University, this study will serve as a mechanism for the

fulfillment of one of the University’s goals of providing quality education to the students.

To the engineering students, this study will intensify their knowledge in their role

of promoting sustainable development through defining the most suitable solutions on

particular issues without generating negative impacts on the environment. It will also

motivate them to apply concepts and information acquired from the university.

To the future researchers, this study will give serve as additional reference

material in conducting other studies that feature similar cases.

Finally, this study will further develop the researcher’s knowledge and abilities. It

will also create opportunities for them to develop technical skills and knowledge in the

application of engineering principles acquired in the academe.

Scope and limitation of the study

This study is mainly focuses at designing and simulating a solar and wind hybrid

power generation system considering material specification and components. The solar

panel will be design utilizing the Monocrystalline solar panel. For the wind turbine,

Savonius Type Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine will be used for the design.

This study emphasizes on using Monocrystalline solar panel for capturing solar

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energy and Savonius Type Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine for the conversion of wind

energy. Electric generator inside the turbine converts the mechanical power into the

electric power. The energy production by wind turbines depends on the wind velocity

acting on the turbine. Wind and solar power are able to feed both energy production and

demand in the rural areas. Charge regulator fulfills the proper charging of the battery

and monitors the battery’s state-of-charge to ensure that when the battery needs charge

current it is supplied, and at the same time it also ensures the battery is not over

charged. The battery provides DC voltage to the inverter. The group uses microinverter

to convert the power from DC to AC. Microinverter converts power within each panel

which results to higher efficiency than other type of inverter.

The designed power generating system will only focus on usage of solar and

wind energy as a source of energy, both individually or combined. The power

generating system is limited as to what are presented in this paper, but will vary

differently with the students’ preference.

Conceptual framework

This study focuses on design and simulation of solar and wind hybrid power

generation system. The conceptual framework of this study is presented based on the

IPO (Input-Process-Output) model to interpret the objectives more comprehensively.

Figure 1 shows the research paradigm of the study.

Input stage considers knowledge requirements essential to the study which are

the information about characteristics of combined solar and wind energy, factors

affecting the conversion of the energy, principle of operation and the construction

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features of hybrid power generation system. This stage also requires the skills in

SolidWorks software.

For the process phase of the study, preliminary stage includes the designing of

solar and wind hybrid power generation system. The next stage deals with simulating

the system using SolidWorks Flow Simulation software. It also includes data collection

of the parameters needed to be established which will be beneficial for evaluating other

needed parameters.

In the output stage, the simulation will be able to provide the data, regarding the

power generated and storage. Using SolidWork Flow Simulation, simulation results will

be generated, including the combination of solar and wind power and the flow of

electricity through the battery bank.

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 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Knowledge Requirements Design:

 Characteristics of  Hybrid power generation

combined solar and system
wind energy
 Consideration for Boundary Condition:
material specification
 Generated power
 Consideration for the
 Photo voltaic energy
components of the
absorbed
system
 Wind power
 Factors affecting the
Design and Simulation of
conversion of the Measured Parameters:
Solar and Wind Hybrid
energy
 Working capacity Power Generation System
 Principle of operation of
hybrid power generation  Operating speed
system  Accumulating time
 Construction features of  Performance ratio
hybrid power generation
system

Software Requirements

 SolidWorks Flow
Simulation

Figure 1. Research Paradigm of the Study

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DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

SolidWorks software. SolidWorks is computer-aided design (CAD) software

owned by Dassault Systèmes. It uses the principle of parametric design and generates

three kinds of interconnected files: the part, the assembly, and the

drawing. (Sculpteo,2020)

Simulation. A simulation is an approximate imitation of the operation of a

process or system; that represents its operation over time.

Monocrystalline solar panel. Monocrystalline solar panels have solar cells

made from a single crystal of silicon, and generally thought of as a premium solar

product. The main advantages of moncrystalline panels are higher efficiencies and

sleeker aesthetics. (Energysage,2020)

Savonius Type Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine. The Savonius is a drag-

type VAWT which operates in the same way as a cup anemometer , it has three cups

mounted on a rotor which is free to spin. At any time the front of one of the cups will be

facing into the wind, while the remaining two cups will be back on to the wind. As the

backs of each cup are rounded, they experience much less drag than the front of the

cup which is facing into the wind. (REUK,2020)

Working capacity. the total amount of work you can perform, recover from, and

adapt positively to.

Operating speed. the highest overall speed at which the power generation

system operates.

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 Performance ratio. The performance ratio is a measure of the quality of the

system that is independent of location and it therefore often described as a quality

factor. The performance ratio (PR) is stated as percent and describes the relationship

between the actual and theoretical energy outputs of the system.

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