Answer in brief
Answer 1 The main functions of roots are:
1. Roots hold the plant family to the ground.
2. Roots helps to absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
3. They also bind the soil particles together which prevent soil erosion.
Answer 2 creepers spread or trail on the ground where as climber take support of their surrounding
structure such as walls ,sticks, railing or other plants.
Answer 3 Ginger, potato and onion are the underground stem which stored food.
Answer 4 Some plants have thread like structure on their stems. These structures are known as stem
tendrils. They helped the plant to hold on an object for climbing and thus provide support.
Answer 5 Leaves of some plants have special structures called tendrils. They have plants to attach
themselves to a support. Ex.-pea and sweet pea.
Answer in detail
Answer 1 The two main types of root system found in plants are
1. Tap root system-In this system the main root grows vertically down into the soil. It is called the
primary root. The primary root have small root hair on its sides that are called secondary roots.
2. Fibrous root system-In this root system the root grow from the base of the stem and have a
bushy appearance. These roots are thin and almost equal in size. This root spread out in all
direction but do not grow very deep into the soil.
Answer 2 Functions and modifications of stem
The stem holds the plant upright and support the branches. The time carries water and minerals from
the roots to the other parts of the plant. The stem bears branches leaves flowers and fruits.
The stem of some plant like ginger potatoes and onions grow underground. This stem store food made
by the leaves.
Some plant have thread like structure on their stem. These are modification of stem and are known as
stem tendrils. They help the plant to hold on to an object for climbing and thus provide support.
In some plants such as cactus leaves are reduced to spines to prevent loss of water.
Answer 3 The loss of water in the form of vapours from the surface of leaves is called transpiration.
This process help in cooling down the leaves. By this process the plant absorb more water from the soil
which bring important nutrient required by the plant from the soil.
Answer 4 Leaves make food in the presence of sunlight with the help of water from the soil and carbon
dioxide in the air. Sunlight is absorbed with the help of chlorophyll a green pigment present in the
leaves. This process is known as photosynthesis. Food prepared by the leaves is in the form of a start
which is stored in different parts of the plant such as fruits stem on leaves. Oxygen is also given out
during the process.
