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Unit Processes: Engr. Qazi M Omar

The document discusses topics related to chemical kinetics and chemical process kinetics. It covers order of reaction, reaction mechanisms, the effect of temperature on reaction rate, types of chemical reactions, and types of reactors. Specifically, it defines order of reaction, explains reaction mechanisms can occur in steps, describes how temperature affects reaction rate using the Arrhenius law, lists different types of chemical reactions, and discusses batch, semi-batch, and continuous reactor configurations.

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Ali Usman
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40 views9 pages

Unit Processes: Engr. Qazi M Omar

The document discusses topics related to chemical kinetics and chemical process kinetics. It covers order of reaction, reaction mechanisms, the effect of temperature on reaction rate, types of chemical reactions, and types of reactors. Specifically, it defines order of reaction, explains reaction mechanisms can occur in steps, describes how temperature affects reaction rate using the Arrhenius law, lists different types of chemical reactions, and discusses batch, semi-batch, and continuous reactor configurations.

Uploaded by

Ali Usman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Unit Processes

Engr. Qazi M Omar


University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Topics to be covered
• Chemical Kinetics
– Order of Reaction
– Mechanism of Reaction
– Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate
– Types of Chemical Reactions

• Chemical Process Kinetics


– Types of Reactors
1/26/2016 Department of Chemical Engineering 2
University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Chemical Kinetics
• It is a study of the rates of chemical reaction and the
effect that process conditions (temperature, pressure
and reactant concentration) have on these rates.
• Application of kinetics is important in selection and
design of reactors.
Order of Reaction
• Can be calculated by the sum of exponents of the
concentration terms in the rate equation.

• The order of reaction is a+b.


1/26/2016 Department of Chemical Engineering 3
University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Chemical Kinetics
Mechanism of Reaction
• A reaction usually does not occur in a single
step but rather in a series of steps. These steps
are called the mechanism of the reaction.
• For example,

1/26/2016 Department of Chemical Engineering 4


University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Chemical Kinetics
Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate
• The rate equation only defined by
concentration of reactants while the effect
of temperature appears in rate constant k.
• The relationship between reaction rate
constant (k) and temperature is given by
Arrhenius law as follows:
= −

1/26/2016 Department of Chemical Engineering 5


University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Chemical Kinetics
Types of Chemical Reactions
• Number of phases involved during
reaction (Heterogeneous or Homogenous)
• Mechanism of reaction (Chain,
Photochemical, etc.)
• Presence of Catalyst (Catalytic or Non-
catalytic)
• Operation (Adiabatic, Isothermal)
1/26/2016 Department of Chemical Engineering 6
University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Chemical Process Kinetics


• Study of the influence of the physical
factors that affect chemical reactions
– Type and shape of reactor
– Method of operation (batch, continuous,
recycle)
– Temperature control (isothermal, adiabatic)
– Back mixing (Diffusion or mixing of products
back to reactants)
– Fixed or fluidized bed (important in case of
catalytic reactions)
1/26/2016 Department of Chemical Engineering 7
University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Chemical Process Kinetics


Types of Reactors
• Batch Reactors
– Most common type
– Used at small scale to obtain kinetic data
– Reactants are charged at the beginning with no
mass transfer until the reaction is complete.
• Semi-batch Reactors
– Continuous addition of one reactant or
continuous removal of product during reaction.

1/26/2016 Department of Chemical Engineering 8


University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK Campus

Chemical Process Kinetics


Types of Reactors
• Continuous Reactors
1) Tubular reactors
– No diffusion or mixing of product with reactants
(no back-mixing)
2) Stirred-tank continuous reactors (CSTR)
– Complete back-mixing
3) Tower
– Provide large volumes
– Back-mixing occurs
1/26/2016 Department of Chemical Engineering 9

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