SSD - UNIT- II
SSD - UNIT- II
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Outline
Power Electronics Converters for DC Drives
Controlled Rectifier Fed DC Drives
Single Phase
Two-quadrant
Four-quadrant
References
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Power Electronic Converters
for DC Drives
Speed Control Strategy:
below base speed: Va control
above base speed: flux control via Vf control
Power electronics converters are used to obtain variable
voltage
Highly efficient
Ideally lossless
Type of converter used is depending on voltage source :
AC voltage source Controlled Rectifiers
Fixed DC voltage source DC-DC converters
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Controlled Rectifier Fed DC Drives
To obtain variable DC voltage from fixed AC source
DC current flows in only 1 direction
Example of a drive system
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variable Frequency drives
variable speed DC drives or Thyristor Drives - ranging from 1HP to
3000HP. salient feature of our Drive include:
- Full control three phase interchangeable thyristor bridges.
- Drive status indications
- Selection of Armature/Tachogenerator feedback available on card6
SSD - UNIT- II
Controlled Rectifier Fed
– Single-phase DC Drives Q2 Q1
Two-quadrant drive Q3 Q4 T
Limited to applications up to 15 kW
Regeneration (Q4) only be achieved with loads that can drive
the motor in reverse (-ve )
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Continuous conduction
a <90
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Continuous conduction
a > 90
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Discontinuous conduction
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a <90
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Controlled Rectifier Fed
– Single-phase DC Drives +
ia
Two-quadrant drive Single-
phase Va
For continuous current: supply
−
Armature voltage
2Vm
Va = cos a
2Vm
where Vm = peak voltage
Va − Ea
Armature current I a =
Ra 90o 180o
2Vm
Field voltage Vf = cos f −
2 Vm
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Controlled Rectifier Fed
– Single-phase DC Drives +
ia
+
Single-
Two-quadrant drive phase Va Ea
supply
For Quadrant 1 operation: − −
positive → Ea and Va positive
a 90 2Vm
Va = cos a
Ia positive 2V m
Rectifier delivers power to motor, Q1
i.e. forward motoring. 90o 180o
2 Vm
−
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Controlled Rectifier Fed
– Single-phase DC Drives −
ia
−
Single-
Two-quadrant drive phase Va Ea
supply
For Quadrant 4 operation: + +
negative → Ea negative
a > 90 → Va negative 2Vm
Va = cos a
Ia positive (still in same direction) 2Vm
Rectifier takes power from motor,
i.e. regenerative braking. 90o 180o
Q4
2 Vm
−
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Steady State Analysis of continuous conduction
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Speed – torque characteristics
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Controlled Rectifier Fed
– Single-phase DC Drives
Four-quadrant drive
Converter 1 for operation in 1st and 4th quadrant Q2 Q1
Converter 2 for operation in 2nd and 3rd quadrant Q3 Q4 T
Limited to applications up to 15 kW
+
Single- ia Single-
phase Va phase
supply supply
−
Two rectifiers
Converter 1 Converter 2 connected in anti-
parallel across
motor armature
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Controlled Rectifier Fed SSD - UNIT- II
– Single-phase DC Drives
Four-quadrant drive
For continuous current:
Both converters are operated to produce the same dc voltage across the
terminal, i.e.: V1 +V2 = 0
2Vm 2Vm
where V1 = cos a1 and V2 = cos a 2
(Vm = peak supply voltage)
Hence, firing angles of both converters must satisfy the following:
a1 + a 2 =
+ −
Va − Ea
Armature current I a = V1 V2
Ra
2Vm +
Field voltage V f = cos f −
Converter 1 Converter 2
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Rectifier Fed DC Drives Problems
Distortion of Supply
Controlled rectifier introduces harmonics to supply currents
and voltages which cause:
heating and torque pulsations in motor
resonance in power system network – interaction between rectifier
RL with capacitor banks in the system
Solution - eliminate most dominant harmonics by:
install LC filters at input of converters – tuned to absorb most
dominant harmonics (i.e. 5th and 7th harmonics)
Use 12-pulse converter – consists of two 6-pulse controlled rectifiers
connected in parallel
Selective switching of supply input using self-commutating devices
(eg. GTOs, IGBTs) in the converter
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References
Rashid, M.H, Power Electronics: Circuit, Devices and
Applictions, 3rd ed., Pearson, New-Jersey, 2004.
Dubey, G.K., Fundamentals of Electric Drives, 2nd ed., Alpha
Science Int. Ltd., UK, 2001.
Krishnan, R., Electric Motor Drives: Modeling, Analysis and
Control, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 2001.
Nik Idris, N. R., Short Course Notes on Electrical Drives,
UNITEN/UTM, 2008.
Ahmad Azli, N., Short Course Notes on Electrical Drives,
UNITEN/UTM, 2008.
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Thank You
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