BGMEA UNIVERSITY OF
FASHION AND TECHNOLOGY
(BUFT)
Assignment On:
“Transfer Of Heat”
Department: Apparel Merchandising & Management
Course Name: Basic Science
Course Code: SC1101
Batch: 201
Submitted By:
Rownak Jahan Sraboni
#ID: 201-008-111
Submitted To:
Ms. Taskeya Haider
Asst. Professor (Physics)
Department Of Sciences
BUFT
28/07/2020
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“Transfer of Heat”
□ Conduction, Convection & Radiation
Conduction: The process by which heat or electricity is directly transmitted
through the material of a substance when there is a difference of temperature or of
electrical potential between adjoining regions, without movement of the material.
Heat is transmitted through the solids by the process of conduction only.
When one end of the solid is heated, the atoms or molecules of the solid
at the hotter end becomes more strongly agitated and start vibrating.
The disturbance is transferred to the neighboring molecules.
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Application of Conduction:
The houses of Eskimos are made up of double walled blocks ofice. Air enclosed in
between the double walls prevents transmissionof heat from the house to the
coldest surroundings.
Birds often swell their feathers in winter to enclose air betweentheir body and the
feathers. Air prevents the loss of heat from thebody of the bird to the cold
surroundings.
Ice is packed in gunny bags or sawdust because, air trappedin the saw dust prevents
the transfer of heat from the surroundings tothe ice. Hence ice does not melt.
Sauce pans, hot water buckets, kettles and other utensils are made of metal. They
are provided with wooden or ebonite handles so that heat from the utensils is not
conducted to the hand.
Woolen clothes have fine pores filled with air. Air and wool are bad conductors of
heat. Heat from the body does not flow outside to the atmosphere. Therefore
woolen clothes keep the body warm in winter.
Quilts and bed clothing filled with cotton are used in winter. The air layers in the
pores of the cotton are bad conductors of heat. Therefore the flow of heat to outside
is prevented.
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Convection: The movement caused within a fluid by the tendency of hotter
and therefore less dense material to rise, and colder, denser material to sink under
the influence of gravity, which consequently results in transfer of heat.
It is a phenomenon of transfer of heat in a fluid with the actual movement of the
particles of the fluid.
When a fluid is heated, the hot part expands and becomes less dense. It rises and
upper colder part replaces it. This process goes on.
This mode of heat transfer is different from conduction where energy transfer takes
place without the actual movement of the molecules.
Application of Covection:
It plays an important role in ventilation and in heating and coolingsystem of
the houses.
Ventilation: Rooms are provided with ventilators near the ceiling. Air in the
room gets warmer due to respiration of people inthe room. Warm air
containing more of CO2 and water vapor hasless density and moves upwards.
Fresh air from outside enters theroom through the doors and windows. The
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impure air moves outsidethrough the ventilators. The phenomenon is
continuous.
Land and Sea Breezes: Near the sea, water becomes less warmthan the land
during day time. The heated air on the land surface movesup. Air from the
surface of the seamoves towards the sea shore. This is called sea breeze.
During night when the land becomes cooler than water, the air over thesurface
of water is warmer and moves upward. Air from the land movestowards the
sea. This is called land
breze.
Radiation:
It is the phenomenon of transfer ofheat without any material medium.
Such a process of heat transfer inwhich no material medium takes partis
known as radiation.
Thermal radiations can travel throughvacuum.
They travel along straight lines withthe speed of light.
They can be reflected and refracted.
They do not heat the interveningmedium through which they pass.
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Application of Radiation:
White clothes are preferred in summer and dark colored clothes in
winter.When heat radiations fall on white clothes, they are reflectedback.
No heat is absorbed by the clothes and a person does not getheat from
outside in summer. Dark clothes in winter will absorbthe heat from outside
in summer. Dark clothes in winter will absorb the heat radiations falling on
them and keep the bodywarm.
Cooking utensils are blackened at the bottom and polished onthe upper
surface. Black surface will absorb the whole of the heatfrom the furnace and
the upper surface will not allow the heatinside the utensil to flow out.
The End
