Subject: SCIENCE (PHYSICS) Class: VII
Class Notes (2025-26)
Chapter 4 HEAT (PART -2)
I. Answer the following
1. A cold steel spoon is dipped into a cup of hot coffee; will it transfer heat to its
other end? If yes, then by which process?
Ans: Yes, by the process of conduction.
2. Why wearing more layers of clothing during winter keeps us warmer than
wearing just one thick piece of clothing?
Ans: Wearing more layers of clothing during winter keeps us warmer because air
is trapped in between the layers. As air is bad conductor of heat, the cool
temperature outside do not get transferred to body and also prevents our body
heat to get transferred to the surrounding. Hence more layers of clothes keep us
warmer during cold winter.
3. A pan taken out of fire cools down – Why?
Ans: When a pan is removed from the fire, it loses heat to the surroundings by
the process of radiation and it cools down.
4. How does heat transfer in liquids and gases?
Ans. In liquids and gases the heat is transferred by convection.
5. Explain land breeze.
Ans: At night, the land cools more quickly than the sea water .Thus the air
above the sea being warmer ,rises up and cooler air from above the land
surface blows towards the sea to
take its place. This sets up the convection current. The cool air from the land
moves towards the sea. This is called land breeze.
6. Explain sea breeze.
Ans: During the day, the land gets heated faster than the water. Thus, the air
above the land surface, being heated expands and rises up due to convection.
The cooler air above the sea surface blows towards the land to take its place.
This flow of cool air from the sea towards the land is called Sea breeze.
7. Name the mode of heat transfer in which heat energy flows from one body to
another only if they are in contact with each other.
Ans: Conduction.
8. Name the mode of heat transfer in which heat is transferred even in the
absence of a medium?
Ans : Radiation.
9. Distinguish between conduction, convection and radiation.
Ans: Conduction Convection Radiation
The transfer of heat Convection is Radiation is the
from one point to the transfer of heat by process of
other such that mass motion of fluid transmission of heat
there is no actual from one region of in which heat travels
motion of the space to another . directly from one
particles of the place to another
medium is called Material medium is without
conduction . necessary any intervening
medium.
Material medium is
necessary No material medium
is required
The process is slow Faster than The process is
conduction fastest and takes
place with the speed
of light.
10. Write any two applications of convection and radiation in daily life.
Answer:
Convection – i) Room heater warms the air near the floor. When the warm
air rises up, the cool air sinks to the floor which results in effective heating of
the room.
ii) Exhaust fans are fitted near the ceiling for hot air to escape.
Radiation – i) In cold and hilly areas, the outer walls and roofs are usually
painted dark to keep the houses warm,
ii) In factories, the roofs are painted shiny silver to reduce the
loss of heat in winter and increase the radiation of heat in summers.
11.While constructing a house in a coastal area, in which direction should the
windows preferably face and why?
Answer:
Window should preferably towards the sea beach so that the sea breeze
coming from sea keeps the house cool during the day time.
12. Why is a frying pan made of metal (like aluminium or stainless steel) but the
handle of frying pan is made of plastic (or wood) ?
Answer:
Frying pans are made of metals like aluminum or stainless steel because they
are good conductors of heat, allowing for efficient cooking. In contrast, the
handles are made of plastic or wood, which are poor conductors of heat,
ensuring safety by preventing burns when handling the hot pan.
13. For setting curd, a small amount of curd is added to warm milk. The
microbes present in the curd help in setting if the temperature of the mixture
remains approximately between 35°C to 40°C. At places where room
temperature remains much below the range, setting of curd becomes difficult.
Suggest a way to set curd in such a situation.
Answer:
For the setting of curd where temperature is below room temperature, the
container in which curd is to be made must be kept in a thermally insulated
cover or it can be wrapped with wool or jute sacks so that temperature is
maintained for the setting of curd.
14. Explain the reason for the general fitting of air conditioner at higher level on
the wall of the room.
Answer:
As a fact that warm air is much lighter than the cold air, so being heavier the
cold air from air conditioner moves downwards while the hot air moves upwards
at the lower level and gets cooled and come downwards once again. So, due to
this convection of heat are set in the air and room gets warmer faster
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