z Petrel 2011 AMD Perr Geophysics | EXPetrel Geophysics Course Petrel 2011 SchlumbergerAbout Petrel* Petrel seismic to simulation software helps increase reservoir performance by improving asset team productivity. Geophysicists, geologists, and reservoir engineers can develop collaborative workflows and integrate operations to streamline processes. Benefits Unify workflows for E&P teams - Eliminate the gaps in traditional systems that require handoffs from one technical domain to the next using Petrel model-centric workflows in a shared earth model. Manage risk and uncertainty - Easily test multiple scenarios, analyze risk and uncertainty, capture data relationships and parameters to perform rapid updates as new data arrives, and perform detailed simulation history matching. Enable knowledge management and best practices - Reduce workflow learning curves by capturing best practices via the Workflow Editor, providing quick access to preferred workflows and increasing ease of use through intuitive and repeatable workflows. Accelerate innovative software development - Seamlessly integrate your intellectual property into the Petre! workflow through the open Ocean framework. This environment leverages .NET tools and offers stable, user-friendly interfaces for efficient development, allowing focus on innovation rather than infrastructure.Copyright Notice © 1998-2011 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or translated in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, without the prior written permission of Schlumberger Information Solutions, 5599 San Felipe, Suite 1700, Houston, TX 77056-2722. Disclaimer Use of this product is governed by the License Agreement. Schlumberger makes no warranties, express, implied, or statutory, with respect to the product described herein and disclaims without limitation any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose Schlumberger reserves the right to revise the information in this manual at any time without notice. Trademark Information *Mark of Schlumberger. Certain other products and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies or organizations.Table of Contents About Petrel* .. Copyright Notice. Disclaimer. Trademark Information. Module 1 - Introduction. Prerequisites. Learning Objectives...... What You Will Need. What to Expect Icons... Workflow Dia. Terminology ..... Acronyms used in in this manual: Dataset Module 2 - Setting up a new project... Introduction Lesson 1 - Import/export data The Cloudspin data set Project units...... Projection system Reference datums. Seismic data organization Seismic data import formats... Reference project tool Seismic data export formats Exercises 1 - Import/export data. Specify project unit system... Set reference datums - optional. Load seismic 3D data Load seismic 20 lines... Find data between Petrel projects . Transfer data through the Reference project tool Export seismic data ............. Lesson 2 - Quality control and display settings of seismic data Seismic vintages. Color Palettes....... Fal asc Coops Table of Contents ©SEG-Y settings .... 57 | Base map annotation. 58 Survey managet.......... 59 | Exercises 2 - Quality control and display settings of seismic data z Seeeneeeeeree 62 Edit and create color palettes . 63 Import and export color palettes - optional. vse Check settings for 3D volumes and 2D lines.... 65 Display base map annotations in 3D window. 66 Display base map annotations in 2D window. 67 Using the Survey manager ......-occssssssseenn sss 68 Lesson 3 - Optimize data geometry and project memory......70 Geometry settings 70 Prefetch to cache 71 Create external seismic files..... 72 Cropping. Realization......... Source amplitude range ...... Seismic calculator Mis-tie manager Exercises 3 - Optimize data geometry and project memory 79 Change seismic geometry wd Prefetch to cache....... 80 Crop a 30 volume and 20 lines veceeee BI Realize a volume............. a soveeeesB3 Use seismic calculator - Optional. . o 86 Perform Mis-tie analysis 88 SUMMALY oo. seeeceeeeeeeee 91 Module 3 - Data Visualization. Introduction Prerequisites... Learning Objectives eee Lesson 1 - Set up 20 and 3D windows.............. ove 94 Seismic interpretation toolbar. Seismic data visualization. Select and manipulate seismic lines. nee] ZGY settings 7 ' 99 Colors tabs.....esssesseeeset “102 Opacity tab. 103 Fe Tabi of Contents Pawel GeophysicsVolume rendering... Exercise 1 - Set up 2D and 3D windows..... Manipulate seismic lines in 2D and 3D windows Modify seismic data display.. .. Render a seismic volume... Display volume walls. Manipulate colors from the Seismic interpretation TOOMDAL... cesrssesesseeseseene 113 Lesson 2 - Set up Interpretation windows . 114 Create Interpretation windows .. 114 Manipulate data in the Interpretation window. we IE Wiggle traces ......... eevee AT Post data in an Interpretation window. 118 Annotate data in Interpretation windows wD Tile windows. 120 Dual Screens. 121 Link windows. 121 Link windows to coordinate groups . Exercise 2 - Set up Interpretation windows. a Manipulate seismic lines in an Interpretation window. 124 Annotate and post data in Interpretation windows - optional Modify the seismic data display Display multiple seismic views on the same screen .....129 Link windows to visual groups......... . Link interpretation or 3D windows to coordinate groups - optional .............e.e. Lesson 3 - Create seismic intersections. Random intersections in Petrel ... Rotate a random line in an interpretation window. 136 Composite seismic lines .... we Composite intersections........ . Display seismic in a Well section window ecseeeeeee 140, Exercise 3- Create seismic intersections... Create random intersections ....... Create composite lines. Create composite lines in an ‘interpretation window - Optional essen 147 Display seismic data in Well section windows .............149 Summary. 152 Potrei Geophysics 7 Table of Contents «7Module 4 - Seismic Well Tie Introduction ... Lesson 1 - Prepare well log and checkshot data Well section display .... ee Seismic to well tie input Log calculator Log editor... Checkshot parameter selection... .. Exercises 1 - Prepare well log and checkshot data 161 Make a well.section eee 7 161 Quality control and edit logs 161 Import check shots, 165 Insert a new Log set for generating a synthetic seismogram Lesson 2 - Calibrate sonic log with checkshots Workflows in the Seismic well tie Sonic calibration - variables and settings Exercises 2 - Calibrate sonic log with checkshots. Correct sonic log and establish time-depth relationship ....eoccsseoeenns senntnneeaen 178 Lesson 3 - Extract wavelet . Wavelet extraction - Variables and settings Wavelet extraction position Wavelet attributes. Manual adjustment Variable time-shift alignment... Exercises 3 - Extract wavelet..... Extract wavelet and generate synthetic seismogram. 193 Time shift and manual adjustments Lesson 4 - Visualize results eee Wavelet viewer .. Wavelet builder .. Seismic along well borehole... Synthetic seismogram - Display settings... Synthetic seismogram in interpretation windo\ Exercises 4 - Visualizing results...... Synthetic seismogram display settings. Seismic along well borehol Synthetic seismogram in an Interpretation window. Summary... o . GeTable of Contents Petrol GeoohysiasModule 5 - Attribute Cubes. Introduction ... Prerequisites... Learning Objectives Lesson 1 - Generate and use attributes Available Seismic Attributes....... Generate attribute cubes... Interactive parameter control... es Exercises 1 - Generate and use attributes x Generate and choose attribute cubes - optional. Lesson 2 - Generate ant tracking attributes ..... Introduction to the Ant-tracking Workflow .. The Ant-tracking algorithm, Workflow editor... Exercises 2 - Generate ant tracking attributes Ant-tracking preparation steps. SUMMALY...........00+ Module 6 - Fault Interpretatior Introduction ......ceccoecen Lesson 1 - Manual fault interpretation Seismic interpretation toolbar. Restrict mode. Function bar... Set up Fault interpretation... sess Status bar......... a Interpretation manager... Exercises 1 - Manual fault interpretation Perform manual fault interpretation. Manipulate and edit faults... Optional exercise... Change fault style in display windows . Use Interpretation manager for handling faults... Lesson 2 - Fault autotracking . Fault Autotracking parameters. Automatic fault extraction... Exercises 2 - Perform fault autotracking.. 3D track faults Automatically extract fault patches Edit extracted fault patches Petret Geophysics Table of Contents ©9‘We iableol Contents Convert fault patches to fault interpretation Lesson 3 - Convert fault interpretations Fault operations .. Structural framework....... Fault framework while interpreting Fault framework modeling...... Fault framework editing Exercises 3 - Convert fault interpretation .... Fault operations - Create clean faults... Fault framework while interpreting. Summary. Module 7 - Horizon al Introduction x Prerequisites........ Learning Objectives. Lesson 1 - Set up tracking parameters ... ces eneeenee 304 Tracking parameters - iamaens tab. 305 Interpretation tab............ cessseesnnnetnnseenaneesses 306 Wavelet tab 5 308 Geometrical tab..... = ae sensceeneee SOB Constraints tab 310 3D Autotracking - Select seeds Output tab. seceesnste .. Co-volume tab......ccesseee x 313 Exercise 1 - Set up horizon tracking parameters Set up autotracking parameters. Lesson 2 - Horizon interpretation methods. 315 Function bar... 315 Seismic horizon interpretation methods .... 316 Guided autotracking ... Seeded 2D autotracking Seeded 3D autotracking Paintbrush autotracking. Active box autotracking....... Autotrack inside polygon. Manual picking... Exercise 2 - Choose a Horizon interpretation method Perform guided horizon autotracking ... Perform seeded 2D horizon autotracking .. Petrel GeophvsisPerform seeded 3D horizon autotracking 326 | Perform seeded 3D horizon autotracking with co-volume .. 2327 Interpret reference horizons . 328 Use paintbrush autotracking in a 3D. window... 329 Use paintbrush, active box, and polygon autotracking ..330 Perform manual horizon interpretation . 331 Lesson 3 - Edit horizon interpretations . 332 Basic edits ....... 332 Parent/child editing....... 333 Interpretation filters... 334 Horizon operations..... . sees 336 Exercises 3 - Edit horizon interpretations .................. 338 Perform manual and automated edit of horizon interpretation. Perform manual horizon interpretation Use interpretation filters...... Horizon operations — bulk shift... Horizon operations - smoothing Annotate objects . a Lesson 4 - Quality control horizon i interpretations . 344 | Seismic horizon display styles Horizon flattening in 2D Flatten 3D volumes. Ghost curve..... scene Exercise 4 - Quality control horizon interpretations . 351 Modify seismic horizon display... Flatten on a horizon... Generate flattened 3D volumes... Use seismic ghost curve...... Lesson 5 - Convert horizon interpretations soveeseeeerseeees SOD Horizon operations — surface with fault polygons seven BOT Make SUITACE ......-sssssesssseensaeesneeenneen : Surface operations — eliminate inside Surface attributes process Structural framework modeling. Structural framework parameters Structural framework edits. ma Exercise 5 - Convert horizon interpretations . Surface with fault polygons... evel Geoshysies Table of Contarts® 11Horizon-based 3D model........... Make surface with and without boundary 369 Surface operations - eliminate inside essen 371 Surface smoothing... Attribute maps Surface attributes generation ... Model horizons into a structural framework...... Summaty.......... Module 8 - Advanced Interpretation... Introduction ... x Lesson 1 - Gobo neta. Benefits of using a geobody .... Generate a box srobe..... Handle box protes. | Extract and trim a geobody............ | Sample the geobody into a 3D a | Convert the geosody. | Exercise 1 - Geobody interpretation Geobody interpretation - Create a prob Use blending techniques and opacity functions . Extract a geobody...... . Trim the geobody .. Sample the geobody into a 3D arid Convert the extracted geobody to seismic horizon interpretation ....cccccsscvevnsnersssneeen 408 Exercise 2 - Train estimation model, Genetic Inversion.....417 Train estimation model Genetic inversion Summary... Module 9 - Domain Conversion. Introduction Lesson 1 - Create a velocity Model... seeesssereneee 433 Domain conversion workflow 433 Quality check of input well data. 436 Modeling well data......... 437 Define velocity intervals 439 Modeling velocity data A440, Uncertainty 7 444 12+ Table of Contents Patel GeophysicsExercise 1 - Create a velocity model............... Quality control time-depth relationships for wells cove 445 Define velocity model intervals............. seers 448 Create an uncorrected velocity model using well data..449 Create a corrected velocity model using well data........450 Create a velocity model with uncertainty 453 Lesson 2 - Domain conversion 455 General depth conversion. 456 Depth convert 3D Qrids.......tecsssccseseesssssssseessssecssseenen 458 Exercise 2 - Domain conversion... 458 Depth convert a 3D grid 458 General depth conversion...........cess £59 Summary........ cessesensnesuennne Eeeeeemnenee C2) Index..... Petcel Geophysics Table of Contents © 13Module 1 - Introduction ‘The purpose of this course is to introduce the student to seismic visualization and interpretation functionality in Petrel. In more detail, it takes the user through loading and handling of geophysical data, visualizing and manipulating seismic, volume rendering, synthetic seismogram generation, automatic fault generation (Ant-tracking), as well as conventional horizon and fault interpretation. Also covered are surface and volume attributes generation, volume extraction, geobody interpretation, surface generation, and depth conversion. By attending this course you will obtain an understanding of how seismic data is handled, visualized and utilized in Petrel. During this course you will be introduced to enough options in the program to be able to know how to set up and work through a seismic project on your own. Due to the scope of Petrel, there is a wide range of non-seismic functionality that will not be introduced in this course. Refer to our other courses for more details on the separate modules. Prerequisites To successfully complete this course, the user must have knowledge of the following: English Proficiency Basic Windows and practical computing skills Familiarity with geophysical fundamentals The course is intended for seismic interpreters with some experience using Petrel ee ee Petrel Geophysics Introduction « 15,Cioh Learning Objectives The learning objectives for this course is to introduce you to the software, interface, file structures and visualization tools. At the completion of this training, you will be able to: « Demonstrate a project setup with correct units and coordinate system Successfully import and quality control seismic input data Visualize and handle seismic data Optimize the interpretation environment Set up a well section window and generate synthetic seismograms Make volume attribute cubes Do Ant-tracking and automatic fault extraction Fault and horizon interpretation Do Structural framework modeling Make surfaces based on interpretations Do operations on Horizon/Fault interpretations and surfaces Create surface attribute maps Perform Geobody interpretation and handling Train estimation model - Neural nets Perform Non-linear seismic inversion work Do velocity modeling and perform domain conversions eeee What You Will Need In this course, you will need the following hardware and applications in order to perform the workflow: © A personal computer with a minimum of: © For Petrel 64-bit: 4GB of RAM; however, we recommend 16GB of RAM for optimal performance. © For Petrel 32-bit: 2GB of RAM; however, we recommend 4GB of RAM for optimal performance. © For Petrel 84-bit: Microsoft Windows 7, Vista 64 or XP 64. © For Petrel 32-bit: Microsoft XP 32. A graphic card compatible with Petrel A Petrel license and license key Petrel Seismic to Simulation Software with the latest updates Training datasets 6° involution “Petrol GeophysicsWhat to Expect In this training material, you will encounter the following: Introduction of each module Prerequisites to the module {if necessary) Learning objectives Lesson(s) Scenario-based exercises * You will also encounter notes, tips and best practices Patel Geophysics “nvoduction « 17Icons Throughout this manual, you will find icons in the margin representing various kinds of information. These icons serve as at-a-glance reminders of their associated text. See below for descriptions of what each icon means. ba — dea Tips Notes “This icon points you to a tip ‘This icon indicates thatthe ‘that wil make your work folowing information is ‘easier. pareuety meen) —@-— Best Practices This icon indicates the best way to perform a given task when different options are avaiiable. Questions —_— . ‘This icon identifies a Tis icon tdenttes the oo atic a questions athe end of eee each lesson, EY An Procedures Exercise Review Questions This icon identifies the [| This icon indicates that ts This icon identities the stops required to pertorm a yur tum to practice the review questions a the ven task. procedure. end of each module. Prerequisites Learning Objectives What you will need Thsicontentes any || Tis ton Kens any Tis con et Tristeoncenttevary || fuming obecivesetoat | | apltaoe harvar, for the course, or for the datasets, or other material current module. required for the course. required for the course, or for individual modules. 6 iroducton Petre! GeophysicsWorkflow Diagram Petrel workflow tools — Basics geophysics Data Seismic Well Fault Pillar Zonation and Import Correlation idl Layering Facies _Petrophysical Volume Well Modeling Modeling Plotting Calculation Design Contents: tab: Look for background readirg Add new (TIRE using the STI SEES wt ane tp an tp apn ey pe cin 0 ET 2. Sheng SIE nt EIS went setae a 2 Reise terme ahinesat sa enbe comet ree Petre Geopvaes Tnvoduetion © 18{| For more information on how to use Help and the various kinds of help, open the Help manual {Help > Manual {HTML Help)...). Go to the Contents tab and expand Background and the Key Information. Double-click on Help System Information. | Online Help Manual - Utilizing search functionality (* Use statements like AND, OR, NEAR, NOT. Click on the arrow pointing to the right to | select a statement [eesnc rience NOT Task rleneeteion =] 2. Use quotation marks ™ together with the search word to narrow down the search 3. Use the options of matching similar ||: words, search |} i Tiesto atest ee iifes only andlor Beery 2 |) cmnes set mips srt 0 previous results = ERs 1 Setting up a new project, = Attribute cubes = Advanced Interpretation = Data Visualization = Fault interpretation = Domain conversion = Seismic well tie = Horizon interpretation ~ Petsel Geoohysies 2B invosurtionTerminology Attribute map - A map based on a seismic attribute. Created by extracting data across a surface {a map of the average attribute within a certain offset from a surface or between two surfaces can also be extracted) from a seismic volume. Automatic legend — A predefined template displaying the color table legend of a displayed object. Cropping - Creating a virtual volume by defining inline-, crossline-, and time-range. Crossline intersection - Vertical seismic section perpendicular to the inline direction. Datum - A constant depth/time or surface used as a reference in measuring elevation. Depth conversion - Converting Z-values, from time domain to depth domain. Fault interpretation — Fault sticks interpreted on seismic. Geobody interpretation — |dentification, isolation, extraction and to make a discrete object seen in seismic data. The extracted object is called a geobody. Genetic inversion — Derived attribute volume based on a seismic attribute volume and well log property such as Acoustic Impedance. Multi layer neural networks and genetic algorithm combined together will be working to obtain the Acoustic Impedance inversion volume. Global well logs - Folder where all the log curves are stored independently from well names. Guided autotracking - Automatic seismic interpretation. |s initiated by giving two points on a seismic intersection. The program will interpret between the two points according to user defined Autotracking Settings. Horizon — A 20 grid that belongs to a 3D model. It can be computed from a surface or a seismic horizon interpretation or any point or line data. The horizon can have multiple z-values. Horizon interpretation — Interpretation done on seismic following reflective events. Petre Geophysics Tntroéuction #21‘Belnwoduction Inline intersection - An intersection parallel to the inline direction, ie. the direction of seismic data acquisition. Interpretation window - Graphic window used for display of single seismic lines, polylines or composite lines. Intersection - A plane along which data can be displayed. These can be planes in any direction, model grid lines, seismic lines, well paths or intersection fences. Intersections can be displayed in 3D or in a 2D intersection window ready for printing, Isochore - A line connecting points of equal true vertical thickness. Similar to an isopach, but only equivalent when the rock layer is horizontal. Isopach - A line connecting points of equal true stratigraphic thickness. Linvel - Linvel describes the velocity at depth Z as a linear function: V=VO+K*Z. Project file - All model data is saved to a project file with the extension *.pet. This file contains links to all related objects in a saved project. An associated project directory, *.ptd, containing all the data object files is also created, along with the project file. Random line - A user defined cross section through a seismic data set. SEG-Y - A data exchange format developed by the SEG (Society of Exploration Geophysicists) for storing vast amounts of seismic data on magnetic tape. Seismic data stored in this format can be read on many different types of computers and geophysical processing systems. Seismic attribute - A property derived from the seismic volume. Seismic cube -Three-dimensional volume of seismic data Seismic vintage folder — Works as a filter to visualize different versions of the same seismic data. Allows the user to switch between different seismic attributes contained within a single survey. Surfaces - Stand alone 2D grids (imported or generated in Petrel). A surface is available for different processes in Petrel. It can have multiple z-values, but only if extracted from a horizon. Tabs - Some panels and diagrams have tabs that can be selected to open new pages for that panel Petrol GeophysiesTemplates - A centralized object describing the color table settings common to groups of data. Petrel comes with several predefined templates: depth and thickness color tables, property templates and seismic color tables. Time slices - Horizontal slice through the seismic cube. VO - Start value for Linvel function VO+K*Z at Z=0. Velocity - Velocity of P-wave (compressional wave). Velocity model - A model that describes the complete sequence of velocities and corrections in a geological section. Volume rendering - Seismic volume rendering is the process of visualizing a range of seismic attribute values in 3D space (e.g. a range of amplitude values) Well tops - Interpreted points from well data or intersection points between well trajectories and structural surfaces/horizons. Sometimes called well points, tie points or markers. Well section - Folder where correlated wells and associated information are stored in order to be visualized and edited within the well section window. ZGY - It is possible to create a new brick representation of a seismic volume. Using the bricked format (ZGY), the seismic is stored in bricks rather then the traditional trace format. When seismic is displayed only the bricks needed are loaded into memory. Big bricks with low resolution are loaded into memory first, after which the program will start loading smaller bricks with high resolution. Acronyms used in this manual: RMB right mouse button, short for right-click LMB left mouse button, short for left-click. ac quality control cs check shots SRD seismic reference datum CRD check shots reference datum Pexel Geophysics —Dataset 1, The first dataset is located in the Gulf of Mexico and contains salt induced tectonic and stratigraphic traps towards the salt. The data consists of seismic data, well data, checkshots, a velocity cube and stacking velocities. This dataset will be used for most of the exercises. 2. The second dataset contains a high sinuosity channel system developed in drainage areas dominated by low gradient slopes. The data consists of seismic data, well data and checkshots. This dataset will be used for Geobody interpretation, the Train estimation model and Genetic inversion. 24 Introduction Petrel GeophysicsModule 2 - Setting up a new project Introduction In this module, the import of seismic data, the quality control of loaded data, the optimization of data geometry and project memory, will be covered. Prerequisites No prerequisites are required for this module. Learning Objectives In this module, you will successfully learn how to perform the following procedures within this workflow: Set up project and system settings Set up and use reference datum Load and store seismic data Transfer data between Petrel projects Export seismic data Understand the use of seismic vintages Change settings and colors of seismic data Display base maps Use the Survey manager Check Survey geometry Prefetch to cache Create external seismic files Crop and realize seismic data Use the seismic calculator Perform mis-tie analysis ey ewer eopryses ‘Satting yp a new project» 25y | Lesson 1 - Import/export data Data Set ei o oilfield in Gulf of Mexico est-east growth faults Geel lala cent) stone: The Cloudspin data set In this faulted reservoir, the seismic data comprises 2D seismic lines and a 3D seismic survey composed of 270 inlines and 220 crosslines. Inline/crossline spacing is 55 feet. The 2D seismic lines extend vertically from 0 to 8000 ms, while the 3D seismic data extends from 0 to 3500 ms. Borehole information is available from 28 wells, 20 of which are deviated. The wireline log data are widely varied, and most boreholes include time and depth markers for the picked horizons. The reservoir is bounded to the west by a salt dome, and its local structure is characterized by small to large scale west-east growth faults. ‘BB Setting up 6 new project Petrel GeophysicsSet up project and system settings Open Project settings from Project in [Wana neem ra 7 i 7 — | | menu bar to specify Coordinate atm [Meco [aeiamet Liem] | | 7 pecify nae ae Teiunmics “Thane | (reference system and Unit system —— roe of Defined by CRS choice Defined by Unit system choice Defined in reference datum Settings System settings Seismic cache size It is recommended to set the seismic cache size to maximum 70% of the computer RAM. Graphics card memory Recommended value: Graphics card memory (in the System settings window) = (Total graphics card memory) - (Render cache size) - (100) Double-click the Geobody interpretation process and define or use the default value for the Render cache size. For more information, refer to the Online Help. Project settings When a new project is set up, a unit and coordinate reference systems must be set. Petrl Beoohysies Sating up anew projact « 27Project units The Project Unit System in Petrel can easily be changed using the predefined Metric, Field or Field-UTM selections. If the input data does not exactly follow any of these systems, select Field (customized). This dataset/project uses US foot for XY units. The difference to International foot is minimal, but can have an impact on large regional projects. Projection system Petrel is coordinate enabled. Click Select in the Coordinates and units tab to access the Coordinate reference system selection tab. Petrel 2011 allows loading of Latitudes and Longitudes in ASCII format. This will activate the Petrel spatial awareness - cartographic transforms and conversion can be performed. This means that objects defined in a specific Coordinate Reference System (CRS), can be converted or transformed into another CRS. Coordinate transformations between reference systems are handled during import, export of data, or when using the Reference project tool (described later in this module). After a project is set up and the data is loaded, there is no possibility to make project-wide changes to the coordinates. Note that if the projection system is changed, it will change the coordinate label but will have NO effect on the original data. For work done at a reservoir level, the spatial awareness might not be a pre-requisite, thus it is possible to set a project “Spatially un-aware” (e.g. Undefined CRS). ‘28*Settng upa new project Powel GeophysicsSet up reference datums (1) 1.Go to Templates pane, Datums folder: a.Use Seismic Reference Datum (SRD) or b.Right-click Datums, use Insert new datum: 2Double-click datums to open Settings dialog a(R) Set up reference datums (2) 3Specify the Datum domain settings Petrel Seophysies Setting up 2 new project» 23w L__Ierzis not defined in Petre. itis only used when transferring checkshot data ‘through Open Spirit from data stores where ETZ is different from MSL. Reference datums The only predefined reference datum that can be changed in Petrel is the Seismic Reference Datum (SRD). The distance from MSL is editable in the Settings dialog for SRD. A positive number means it is going in the upward direction, for example, 200 feet higher than Mean Sea Level (MSL). The other predefined datums in the Templates pane cannot be edited, as they are fixed reference levels (MSL) or well specific references (KB and CRD). User defined datums Additional user defined datums can be added, inserted by right-clicking the Datums folder found in the Templates pane. They can be given whatever name, Z distance from MSL, as well as a Time datum. Time datum is specified using a replacement velocity, or alternatively, entering two way time (TWT) from SRD. Elevation at Time Zero (ETZ) is, in theory, the elevation of the seismic source used in a checkshot survey. When processing the checkshot data, the reference can be converted to another reference level. This needs to be considered when importing checkshots through OpenSpirit (see Online Help for further information). ‘30 Setting up a new project Patel GeophysicsUse reference datums During Checkshot import, define Checkshot Reference Datum (CRD) During Velocity modeling, use SRD or user defined as Time datum Qea fo feos dane S wabeatteeiriow: 2 aT Zions es satiomsRt, i eactenen ty Checkshots Reference Datum The Checkshots Reference Datum (CRD) cannot be set regionally in the Templates pane, as it is a well specific reference. When importing checkshots, CRD can be selected as depth and time datums with values entered in the corresponding fields. Velocity modeling Defining a time datum in velocity modeling sets the starting point for the model. Typically, SRD is used (defining distance from MSL), or a user-defined datum can be selected if the Time datum is set for it (as specified in the Templates pane) Petal Geophysics ‘Setting up 2 new project» 3Tfolders: - Vintages Store Seismic data 1.[n the menu bar, choose Insert, New seismic main b. Right-click the Seismic folder; Find it in the Input pane with predefined sub- main folder, use Insert - Interp survey inclusion filters 2. a. Use the Insert menu or selsmic survey ~ Interpretation folder with an active seismic horizon ———a rae BRS” |X| Dew. | | sep | ee 22 Setting up a new projact = Cops recuse 4 pont recut) Seismic data organization All data in Petre! should be organized into folders and sub-folders to keep the project structured. Seismic data will be stored under a specific Seismic main folder. In this folder, a predefined hierarchy of folders and filters exists and all seismic bulk data should be put in this folder (some data types, like interpretation, can be put outside of the structure, but doing so, will give a less accurate overview of the available seismic data). Under the Seismic main folder, multiple seismic survey folders can be inserted, preferably one folder for each survey. 2D seismic is loaded in the same way as 30, and if the format is the same for all the 2D lines, it is possible to load all of the lines in one operation. Petrel GeophysicsLoad seismic data (1) 1.Right-click a survey folder, use Import (on . selection); The Import file dialog opens 2.Select the file, its type, click Open 3.Set corresponding data type (2D/3D), define vintage and Line detection method == rare 2 traminemvthnt eater Ee Tester Een he in iteaies Seismic data import formats The standard format for 2D and 3D seismic data is SEG-Y, which is a binary format that can easily be imported into Petrel. The resolution of the data is decided by the bit size and the inline and crossline spacing (3D) or trace spacing (2D) There are two SEG-Y import options in Petrel; SEG-Y seismic data and SEG-Y with preset parameters. Petrel will automatically try to find the correct byte locations for x, y-coordinates, line numbering, etc. by using the SEG-Y seismic data format. ASEG-Y cube can be ordinary full-fold data, near- and far offset cubes, inversion data, attribute cubes, etc. In addition, data in the ZGY bricked format can be imported. The ZGY format is a seismic file where the seismic representation is changed to a bricked format. The seismic is stored in bricks rather than the traditional trace format. When the seismic is displayed, only the bricks needed are loaded into memory. Big bricks with low resolution are loaded into memory first, after which the program will start loading smaller bricks with high resolution. The user will perceive the seismic Perri Goopiysics| Setting up a new ooject © 38as coarse resolution that will be refined as the program is given time to load the smaller bricks into memory. The benefit of seismic bricked data is that large volumes can be rendered in the 3D window, and user interactions are always available, since the loading of the bricks is stopped if the user moves a seismic line. This means that even volumes larger than the physical memory of the computer used can be rendered and handled without loss of interaction with the data. Pre-load survey geometry definition Itis possible to predefine the survey geometry without loading the seismic cube. This is done in the Settings dialog box for the survey folder under Geometry tab. This is typically done in the finalizing stages of a processing job, loading intermediate outputs from the processing sequence and awaiting the final seismic cube(s}. Load seismic data (2) . ~ 5.Scan a specified number of 4.Change Line detection method to Trace headers traces to QC parameters fields. If needed, check headers and adjust: - Inline/crossline number byte positions for 3D data - CDP and SP byte position for 2D lines | 34 Seting up naw project ‘evel GeoysesSEG-Y Import with predefined parameters nr When importing with the SEG-Y with preset parameters format, you ‘The SEG-Y file can be have to specify the correct byte locations in the import file. Byte scanned to check Inline and locations can be found in the SEG-Y headers from first file area. Crossline numbers and x and | Ycoordinates. This quality Itis possible to ignore traces with zero coordinates. SEG-Y loading contol step pay inom parameters can be specified automatically from an already loaded be setup to covet wad. ‘SEG-Y file using the blue arrow in the uppermost part in the SEG-Y any other byte locations post import dialog box. loading. To remedy this, you will have to reload the cube. Seismic data in ZGY bricked format When using the Seismic data in ZGY bricked format (*.zgy) as input, the file is read with no options to specify parameters. A vintage selection box will open and upon completion, the Input data dialog box opens where name, template, domain, Vintage and X, Y conversion can be changed. Load seismic data (3) 6.In the Input data dialog, check color template and domain. 7.Create or select a Vintage. [Sata ET] ‘isisest te8=D = Toes 30 8.If the CRS of the loaded seismic is different from the project CRS, specify it. (ome) (as Cie} Pett Geophysics Setting ua @ now project ® 35Coordinate reference system (CRS) Petrel uses the ESRI catalogue for coordinate reference systems. All CRSs in Petrel are available from the Other CRS button where the correct reference system for the file to import is set. The file CRS is not necessarily given in the file header and must be found and set by the user. Coordinate transformation between reference systems By default, the CRS of the project is chosen in this dialog. If the CRS of the file is different, it needs to be selected correctly from the list. Then, a coordinate transformation between the reference systems is done, positioning the data correctly in the project reference system. Note that Unit conversion is not possible to do, XY and Z units are defined in the projects Coordinates and Units settings. Transfer data through the Reference project tool {1.1m menu bar, choose File, Reference project toot} [a= 2.Select a Background project from the Open project dialog 3.Select the Background project data check boxes on right hand side. 4.Click (#} to transfer it to the Working project. 36 Setting upa new project Pavel GoonsReference project tool The Reference project tool is object generation aware, as it can identify the older object versions from the most recent ones in the working and background projects. This information is iconized behind each object entry in both projects and can be filtered on for easy selection. If incompatible coordinate and unit systems are set for the working and background projects, data copying will be prevented. If the projects are set up with different CRS, the Reference project tool will perform coordinate transformations between reference systems. Further details about the Reference project tool and its use are found in the Online Help. Export seismic data 4.Right-lick the seismic deta, select Export. oot TE 2.Specty the output File name a= >, = and format. Click Save. Ee : 3.Complete the Export dialog to create disk files. Seismic data export formats The standard export format for 2D and 3D seismic data is SEG-Y, which is a binary format that can easily be imported into other applications. The other export format is ZGY bricked format (3D seismic data only), which is a format that is faster for rendering through a cube than SEG-Y format. Fewrel Geophysics Setting up a new project © 37A Exercises 1 - Import/export data In this exercise, you will be introduced to the way Petrel handles seismic data; how 3D volumes and 20 lines are loaded, organized, and exported. A set of exercises has been prepared to guide you through the fundamentals in Petrel seismic data handling. Feel free to play and experiment with the data as you wish. Exercise Workflow © Specify project unit system Set reference datums - optional Load seismic 3D data Load seismic 2D lines Find data between Petrel projects Transfer data through the Reference project tool Export seismic data Exercise Data You will be working in a Student directory that has been assigned to you. All projects and other data you create should be saved in this directory. This directory is found in the Basic Geophysics course directory (see the following figure). The input data used in this exercise can be found in the Data import folder, and the pre-made Petrel projects in the Secondary projects folder. Ask the instructor if you cannot find these folders. “Jb Basic Geophysies | Data import |b) Secondary projects J) Student Specify project unit system Petrel is coordinate enabled, meaning that coordinate transformations can be done during import, export, or by using the Reference project tool. Unit conversion can take place during data import, but first you must specify or check the unit and coordinate systems used in a new project. 1. Open Petrel and a new project. 2. From the menu bar, click the File menu and select Save 38 Serting up a new project Petre) Geoahysisproject as. Choose a name for your project and save it in the Student folder. 3. From the menu bar, open the Project menu and select Project settings. 4. Go to the Coordinates and units tab and click the Select button to choose a coordinate system. Sacco ialaeotenialaieainresine! inte Sowtisice [@ Coorsinetes ard units [el sei vena . a ‘Simulation urts: fer a Te stn - al; wt 5 Laon | te emrecamennoin | Area unt: 2 » Decimal degrees (D0) H Yelume unt: 3 ‘Geodetic datum: i Seurcime re © Pret dn i sete weety SS | | Pose force dem 1 | mesa 6 8 | sagen. 3 —~e | i (Foor } (70K) [areal J 5. In the Coordinate reference system selection dialog, type in NAD27 Louisiana in the Filter by string field. Select MENTOR:SPCS27_1702:NAD27 Louisiana State Planes, Southern Zone, US Foot” from the list and click OK. Click OK in the Petrel message box referring to the XY unit in ftUS. Patrel Geophysics Setups new poect #8Courtnterteence sen ceetion (Zonas) or kee) 6. In the Coordinates and units tab, click the Unit system a pull-down menu. The defautt unit 7. Select Field and Apply the settings. setting in Petel is Metric, Al input datas given in feet. Changing the settings to . Field will assure that @ Set reference datums - optional ct import is dane, Th - Ont sanings can be chenged Setting reference datums is only necessary for onshore projects. after import of data. This will 1. Inthe Templates pane, find the Datums folder and expand it. nat change the data tsi, 4 buta correct position ofall 2. Right-click SRD (Seismic Reference Datum) and select data is not guaranteed, Settings. Under the Datum settings tab, Z from MSL can be set in project units (for example, 200 feet higher than MSL). Note that Time datum is not editable. 3. Make sure Z from MSL is 0 (zero, since this dataset is referenced to MSL). Cancel the dialog box. 4. Open the settings for MSL, KB and CRD. Observe that nothing can be edited! {4 * Sarting up sew project Patel Geophysics7 Right-click the Datums folder and select Insert new datum. Open the settings for the new datum and rename it to My Datum in the Info tab. in the Datum settings tab, enter a value for Z from MSL {such as 300 feet). Tick mark Time datum and enter a value for Replacement velocity or TWT from SRD (clear the Replacement velocity check box). Click OK when satisfied (you will not use this datum in the project). Load seismic 3D data 1 w From the menu bar, click Insert menu and select New seismic main folder. In the Input pane, observe the Seismic main folder and ts structure. Right-click Seismic and select Insert seismic survey. Double-click Survey 1 to open the Settings for the folder. Go to the Info tab and change the name to 3D seismic. Click OK. Right-click the 3D seismic folder and select Import (on selection) from the opening menu. Under Data import/Seismic input data/3D volumes select the file mig.sgy. Make sure Files of type is set to SEG-Y seismic data with preset parameters (*.*) and click Open. pm, L_]ire Geometry ain the Settings window can be sed to pre-define the (geometry and annatation for a seismic survey (3D cube} before loading Click on the Define button to specify the 3 corner points and Rad nbd back i nb bs (tre) e mss DeaCoEoooREonoD Color Palettes The default color template used for seismic data in Petrel is red, white and blue. Positive amplitudes are displayed as red, and negative amplitudes as blue. Petrel will, by default, estimate the minimum and maximum amplitudes for the visualized seismic. The colors for the seismic object can easily be modified in the Color tab in the Settings window. The color templates can also be changed in the Templates pane. ‘fe Setting up new project Petrel GeophysicsEdit color palettes [ 4.co to Info tab in Settings |__toeditthe palette name. 2.Go to Colors tab to edit colors; Click -T and drag it to change the balance of the palette hi Serenata 3.Go to Info tab in seismic cube Settings to change ‘he Template. Seana Ps vee Importing and exporting Color templates Color templates can be imported by right-clicking the Seismic color tables folder in the Templates pane and selecting Import (on selection). They can be exported in the same way as any object, selecting the correct format. The continuous color table in Petrel has different settings for color interpolation of the color scale. In general, the HSV|Max) interpolation gives a color scale with a maximum number of colors, HSV(Min) and RGB give two slightly different color scales with a minimum number of colors between selected max and min colors. For more information, please refer to the Online Help manual. Fetrel Geoahysis Setting up 2 naw project « 856 «Setting up a new projet Selecting and updating a Color Table Color manipulation from the settings of a 2D seismic line can be possibly applied to other lines. Choose between one of the three levels of color tables, available from the Colors tab: © Local: Changes will be applied only to the specific seismic line. © Survey and vintage: Changes will be applied to all objects belonging to the assigned vintage and using the same template but will not affect any other objects using the same template that are assigned to other vintages. ¢ — Global: Changes will affect all objects using the same template regardless of the vintage. © BE ie) (al aa vo | emphanee zi Tel Norineargeoen O 2) or Span ——) ee =) Local and vintage tables can be changed directly from the Colors tab, but the global one is accessible from the Info tab using the a icon. Peel GeophysicsBP Serings for so" = S SEGVeetigs — | — Geomety | Opooity | Guniy atibsnes F Syfe [GO wo fig seotstics |] Cotes Operations Slaw. i Color pe WDesisme Tenpiale BY Selmi fou Oonam Evan . voiege FR] BD Sesmeime fa Check SEG-Y settings In the Settings of the imported seismic, go to the SEG-Y Settings tab and find the 3 ‘sub-tabs containing the loading parameters, listing of the binary, and the ASCII headers pos [ea SEG-Y settings Under the SEG-Y settings for a seismic object, there is a list of the loading parameters, as well as the binary and ASCII (EBCDIC) headers for the file. No editing of content is possible. Priel Geopiveios Setting up a nav project «57Display Base map in 2D or 3D window (1) 1.Open survey folder(s) Settings 2.Under the Style tab, specify Base map annotations. | |] DW eesecnatoense Base map annotation Base map annotation in a 2D window It is possible to turn on inline/crossline annotations for 3D volumes. Draw every nth inline/crossline will show a base map grid with inlines and crosslines displayed with the increments specified by the user. Text every nth inline/crossline will show the inline and crossline numbers. The size of the text is controlled from the Font size option. Base Map Annotations will not be shown if the outline box of the seismic volume is not check marked. Base map annotation in a 3D window A basemap view of 2D seismic lines can be displayed in a 3D window. Along with the display of the 2D lines (which can be colored based on seismic survey or vintage), the depth of the display can be set. (i.e. set to -1000ms). The 2D line names can be posted at both ends of the intersection, number annotation can be shown as trace, SP or CDP numbers. Similar options for posting 3D seismic are available for 3D windows as well. 58. Setting up 2 new project Pea oopsUse Survey manager 1.Right-click a survey folder, 2.Click the Select columns to display in St manager control the appearance of the spreadsheet. select Survey manager. 3.Choose columns to display in by selecting and moving the list entries up and down. Survey manager The Survey manager is a tool used to sort and manage seismic data in Petrel. Within this, you can control parameters for 2D lines as well as 3D volumes, like number of traces, vintages, file path, storage type, sort and move data into folders. The Survey manager can also be used to visualize data. Settings for the survey manager Sorting is done by double-clicking the column name. Columns can be made wider or narrower by simply dragging the column boundarios. Clicking the top left corner of the spreadsheet will select the entire spreadsheet for copying. How to search for seismic data in the survey manager [al 1. Click the search tool Search for seismic in the survey manager , this will bring up the search engine. 2. The complete name or parts of a name can be entered in the Find what field, rival Geophysics Satirg wa ne projet «8|___Ithe search will only be valid forthe items visualized inthe survey manager. Hence, ifthe folder filter is applied, only the seismic data within the visualized folder will be part of the seerch. 3. If none of the options on the lower left is selected, the search engine will search for words containing the specifications in the field. The search will start from the top of the survey manager. 4. When Match case is selected, the search engine takes into account both upper and lowercase letters and will try to match the names in the list. 5. Match whole name will search for the full name of the file. 6. When both match case and match whole name are selected, the name the user searches for must be matched 100%. 7. Search up, will start the search from the bottom of the listed names in the server manager and search upwards. If search up is not selected, the search engine will start from the top of the survey manager. 8. Find next will highlight the next name in the survey manager list that fits the search criteria 9. Select all will select all names in the survey manager that fit the search criteria. 10. Close will close the window. How to select data in the Survey manager Selection of data is used in the following operations in the Survey manager: Display, delete, move to folder, realize, vertically shift, set vintage, set template and scan There are several ways to select data for these tasks. 1. To select only one seismic data file, click the corresponding row/line in the Survey manager and the row will be highlighted. 2. To select several seismic files at once; select one line and press SHIFT, then select another line. All the seismic data between the selections will be highlighted. 3. To select specific files; select one line and press CTRL, then select another line. Both the selections will be highlighted. 4. Click one of the header columns to select all files. 10+ Setting up anew project Patel GeophysicsHow to realize selected seismic in the survey manager 1. Select the seismic to be realized in the Survey manager. 2. Click the Realize selected seis icon. 3. Select the preferred amplitude range and realization quality in the appearing dialog box. 4. Specify a new vintage name (required). 5. Petrel will realize the selection into a specified folder. How to visualize seismic data using the survey manager Seismic data can also be selected and visualized from the Survey manager. The sorting mechanisms in the Survey manager can make it easier to find the relevant data and visualize them. 1, Turn on the selected seismic in the current window. The icon is used to visualize the selected seismic data in the active window. Keep in mind that visualizing a large number of 20 lines in the 3D window may stress the graphic card. 2. Turn off the selected seismic in the current window The icon will remove the visualization of the selected seismic files in the active window. 3. Toggle visible of the selected seismic in the current window The icon will invert the view for the selected seismic data. How to move seismic data into folders Sub-folders in a survey folder can be created by right-clicking on the survey folder and selecting Insert new folder. Seismic data in the current survey folder can be dragged and dropped into the sub-folders. The data can also be moved into folders in the Survey manager. 1. Open the Survey manager. Make a selection of seismic data Click the Move selected seismic to another sub-folder @ icon on top of the Survey manager spreadsheet. 2. Anew window will open where you can select a folder to move the data into. fs] L ~—| When realizing 30 seismic, the default settings willbe used for realization. Petvel Geophysics “Setting up a new project «612 Setting up a new project 3. If no sub-folder exists, there is an option to create a new sub-folder from this dialog box. 4. Ifa sub-folder already exists, it is also possible to click in the parent field for the selected line in the survey folder. This will give you the option to move seismic data into a predefined folder. How to change template for multiple entries in the Survey manager All seismic objects in a project are attached to color templates that can be changed under the Settings for each of the objects. If multiple seismic objects are to be attached to a new template, the following procedure will update all of the selected objects. 1. Left-click and drag over entries in the Survey manager. 2. Click the Set template (color table) on selected seismic icon in the upper part of the manager. 3. Select the appropriate template from the appearing dialog box. 4. Display the seismic with changed colors. Exercises 2 - Quality control and display settings of seismic data In this exercise, you will be introduced to how to quality control 3D volumes and 2D lines, and how to handle display settings. Exercise Workflow * Edit and create color palettes Import and export color palettes - optional Check settings for 3D volumes and 2D lines Display base map annotations in 3D window Display base map annotations in 2D window Use survey manager Edit and create color palettes The industry standard color palettes are included in the Templates tab. The default color template used for seismic data in Petrel is red Petre Geophysics{positive amplitudes), light grey (zero/crossover amplitudes) and blue (negative amplitudes). The color template for seismic data is easily changed or edited and new templates can be made. 1 2 3. Go to the Templates pane. Expand the Seismic color tables folder. Click the Seismic (default) palette, copy {press CTRL and C) and paste (CTRL and V) it to make an identical copy. Open the settings for Copy of Seismic (default). Go to the Info tab. Change the name to Blue white red. Then open the Colors tab, Reverse the color table Click on the middle color handle > (grey) and change it to white. Click and drag the other handles into new positions. New nandles can be inserted by clicking between the two color handles. Change colors. When satisfied with the new color template, click OK. Go to the Input pane. Open the Settings for mig and go to the Patel Geophysics ‘Setting up a now project» 62Info tab. Use the drop-down menu for Template to attach the Blue white red color template. Click Apply and observe the seismic in a 3D window. Come: Wah Mesewres cen AE. 9. Go to the Colors tab. Select the Override global property template check box. Click the Use automatic min and max in the color table icon. Min and max are now given as changeable amplitude values. Click and drag the handles before applying the change. Observe the result ina 3D window. Baars ste and click Apply. {Setting up a new project Patel GeophysicsImport and export color palettes - optional 1. Go to the Templates pane and find the Seismic color tables folder. 2. Right-click the Seismic color tables and select Import (on selection). 3. Inthe Import file dialog box, select file of type (.alut) and open the color table called Seismic_Course.alut under Data import/Colormaps/ and click Open. Click OK in the dialog box. 4. Use the imported color palette when displaying an inline. 5. Go to the Templates pane and under the Seismic color tables folder, find Seismic (default). 6. Right-click Seismic (default) and select Export. 7. Inthe Export as dialog box, save the exported file to the Student folder and name it My_Exported_Color_Palette. Check settings for 3D volumes and 2D lines Every object has a settings dialog in which you can view and manipulate information about the object. you can, for example, check the statistics, change names, colors, etc. The settings dialog for a seismic SEG-Y volume also gives you the option to view the SEG-Y header information. This is convenient when a quality control of input parameters is needed, or to get information about the seismic data. 1. Go to the Input pane. Right-click and select Settings for the imported seismic volume mig. Go to the SEG-Y settings tab. 2. Open each of the 3 sub-tabs and observe the information under Loading parameters, Binary headers and ASCII header, respectively. 3. No entries are editable, these tabs contain information only. Click OK. 4. Open the Settings for one of the seismic 2D lines. Go to the SEG-Y settings tab and observe the 3 sub-tabs. Compare them with the corresponding tabs for 3D seismic. Petrel Geophysics ~_ Satlng up a raw project © 65Display base map annotations in 3D window Open a new 3D window from the Window menu. Double-click the 2D lines folder 2129) 2D ines to access the Settings dialog Under the Style tab, 2D line annotation sub-tab, make sure Basemap style and Z level check boxes are selected. In the Z level field, enter - 700.0 and click OK. Select the check box in front of 2D lines in your Input pane S129 Zi 2Diines to display the 20 lines in the active 3D window. Also display the outline of the 3D seismic volume mig SY mig Check the depth of the 2D lines annotation compared to the 3D volume mit Clicking a 2D line in the 3D window will activate and deactivate that line. To do this, activate the Seismic interpretation process under Geophysics in the Processes pane, select this icon AE and click one of the 2D seismic lines. Zoom in, if necessary. Double-click the 3D seismic folder? £9 [4 30 seismic access the Settings dialog. Go to the Style tab. Note that now, the 3D seismic annotation sub-tab is active. Change to draw every 50 inline and annotate with the same interval of inlines. Apply your changes. CF sie + [aa dea £6 Sertng up a new project, Petrel GeophysicsDisplay base map annotations in 2D window 1 Open a new 2D window from the Window menu. The other windows are now in the background and can be accessed again in the bar above the open window, in the Window menu or in the Windows pane. Select the check box in front of the 3D seismic volume mig 26 ¥) mig The survey outline will be displayed in the 2D window. Select the check box in front of the 2D lines folder. The 2D lines are now displayed in the 2D window. Double-click the 2D lines folder = 277) 2D tines to open the Settings dialog box. Under the Style tab, select the Show lines, Show names, Show number (Type: CDP) and Show tickmark (Size: 5} check boxes. Click OK, Fomsns 12 | smomines wan, | beeps — Sa |] shownames eos Sim GStovounde Type cP + i I ove 50” nae | etmmtme oe - ~ Etideisbaearoosnatenses: | nO _ “1 diate ) Diced (HCoase Double-click the 3D seismic folder 159 ) 3D seismic: access the Settings dialog. Go to the Style tab. Review the default settings. Note that they apply to both 3D and the Base map (2D) windows or any other new windows created. Petret Geopysios Setting up 6 neve project «67Using the Survey manager The Survey manager is a useful tool to sort and manage seismic data in Petrel. Parameters like CDP, SP, Trace number, line name, etc. can be controlled from here. Data can be searched for, sorted and moved into folders as well as visualized in display windows directly from the Survey manager. 1. Right-click the 2D lines folder and select Survey manager from the appearing menu. 2. View the active 2D window while selecting/deselecting any of the check boxes in the eye * column. This column turns the line display on/off. 3. Click and drag the mouse pointer over several rows in the numbered column to select the lines. — BOUSF*ASeESRUR Survey Vintage Doman Type Template A Feat) (OK) [Sera 4. Use the Turn on the selected seismic in the current window icon to view, or alternatively, the Turn off the selected seismic in the current window the lines. 5. Sort the lines by double-clicking the Seismic column Name, Alternatively, double-click one more time to reverse the sorting. Select some lines (not all) by clicking end dragging the mouse pointer over the corresponding numbered rows (the entire row will be selected). 6. Click the Move selected seismic to another sub-folder icon to hide icon. Use the default Create new folder. Click OK. 8 Setting up a new projct Perel Geophysics‘Select foderto nove tha Roms: Enter an appropriate name for the new folder or use the default name. Erternane of new fer Felder Find the new folder under the 2D lines folder. Back in the Survey man: click the Search for seismic in the survey manager icon. The search engine opens. Enter part of a line name, for example, stb2, and click Find next. If none of the options on the left is selected, the search engine will search for the words containing the specification in the field. The search starts from the top of the Survey manager. The Survey manager works for the survey folder it was started from. To easily manage all of the 2D lines in a project, keep all surveys at root level and start the Survey manager from the Seismic main folder. Sort the different surveys into sub-folders at several levels if needed. Multi-2D lines can be realized from the Survey manager. Select the lines of interest and click the Realize selected seismic icon (the realization process is covered later in this chapter). Q A survey manger can also be opened froma 3D survey folder. Instead of seperate lines 30 volumes will be displayed, 3D volumes will also be sisplayed inthe survey manager if it is opened from the seismic main folder. Peirl Geophysics Satin up 3 new project» 69Lesson 3 - Optimize data geometry and project memory g & $e6Yertn [cum ety ‘sed Cot eee (CGied] Us CmENTORAS RADE sem Sl Pee, Check seismic Geometry seeerr rel Seis ae 2. Edit lateral geometry, lateral translation/rotation and vertical geometry ifneeded. Geometry settings The Lateral geometry and Lateral translation/rotation fields can be edited, however it depends on which Line detection method is used during the import of seismic data. Another limitation is that the seismic volume must reside solely in the survey folder to have the Annotation and Lateral geometry entries editable. The Vertical geometry field can be edited independent of loading parameters. Lateral geometry: Enter the correct X, Y values and interval spacing, | Itis possible to or select an already input seismic object and click Get from selected rotate the end of the inline/ button, crossfine around the origin to | . make the two line directions Lateral translation/rotation: Enter X, Y or rotation values and click berpendicuar, Mustbeused | Translate or Rotate buttons. with caution! Vertical geometry: Enter the correct value for Time/depth top and sample interval and click Shift. Alternatively, enter the value to shift and click Shift. The Time/depth top and bottom values will be updated accordingly. 70. Setting up a new project Patrl GeophysicsPrefetch to cache seismic volumes 1,Go to Tools in the menu bar, select System settings > Seismic tab to set the Seismic cache size and Graphics card memory 2.Right-click a seismic cube, select Prefetch to cache; this will load the selected volume into the computers RAM (for even faster access). Prefetch to cache Seismic cache size Itis recommended to set the seismic cache size to maximum 70% of ‘the computer RAM. Prefetch to cache Prefetch to cache is the process of loading seismic volumes into the computer's RAM. The volume size must not exceed the specified seismic cache size set under (Petrel) System settings. Graphics card memory Recommended value: Graphics card memory (in System settings dialog) =Total graphics card memory - Render cache size - 100 Double-click the Geobody interpretation process and define or use the default value for the Render cache size. For more information, please refer to the Online Help. Patrel Geophysics ” Setting uo a new project * 71Create external seismic files 1.Go to Tools in the menu bar, select System settings > Seismic tab and click the Create external ZGY and SEGY files by default checkbox. 2.Specify the directory in which to store the files. Create external seismic files When the Create external ZGY and SEGY files by default option is selected, 2D and 30 seismic files are written to the specified location when created during the Realize data and Volume attribute operations. It becomes easier to share information between users. It also reduces the project size. When not selected, the new SEGY and ZGY files are stored in the project folder. These settings can be overridden in the respective dialogues for the Realize data and Volume attribute generation. ‘Te Seting upa new project Patel GeophysicsCrop seismic data 2.Crop the virtual cube: 4.Right-click the seismic cube, appearing in 3D window; or select Insert virtual cropped volume: a virtual seismic cube appears under the original seismic cube, with identical geometry. ee. a ss ‘eee via copped Ip a.Click in the function bar, drag the green handles b.Go to Settings, Cropping tab and specify ine ranges, Cropping Cropping is the operation of cutting away parts of the volume (i.e. to make a reduced cube in X, Y and/or Z domain and/or skip inlines and crosslines), leaving a smaller volume that is usually faster and more convenient to work with. The aim of cropping is generally to improve performance. It can also be thought of as the action of defining a region of interest (ROI). The cropping can be performed on both 3D and 2D seismic. To crop a volume, right-click the seismic volume and select Insert virtual cropped volume. Double-click the cropped volume icon to open the Settings dialog box and go to the Cropping tab. In order to do certain types of data manipulation and interpratation (e.g. autotracking and ant-tracking) it is convenient to reduce the size of the cube when working with it. roa L_| ‘A cropped volume is not created as a physical fle ‘om your hard disk. Rath, it provides @ mapping to the ‘original volume, To create @ physical representation (i.e. a file) ofa virtual volume, see Realization, Petre Geophysics ‘Setting up a new projet» 73aon = Realize seismic data (1) 2 ‘Sasso win TSG Te 18 © Satenmr moma = © Sah ware yore! (eee fa 8 Grsier 2 tose ty 5 He GEO Realization is process of creating a physical copy of any seismic volume or 2D line. A realized seismic file is created in the ZGY bricked file format (3D cubes), or in Petrel’s internal binary format (20 lines), which will usually be noticeably faster in use compared to using the original SEG-Y file format. For more information on the benefits of realizing seismic data, please refer to the Online Help. To realize seismic data, open the Settings dialog for the seismic data, go to the Operations tab or select Realize from the object's right-click menu. ie Setting upe new project Patra GeophysicsRealize seismic data (2) Toon mentee EE OH | [ 3.Click Realize; the process status || is found in the Task manager.The realized cube is under the seismic survey folder in the Input pane Faxon omen Hac225 88 Source amplitude range ry The resulting amplitude range can be set based on the input source for al pa eat fe ‘ i ori location and an existn the realization process, or set by user-defined values (clipping). It can vintage canbe specifed for also be forced to be zero centric (the input zero value is maintained the resulting volume, after realization). Powel GeophysicsSeismic calculator 41,Right-click the seismic volume, on select Calculator. D_Cetite.. 2.Enter the equation by typing and selecting from the seismic variables and calculator buttons. 3.Use the blue arrow [}to drop in non- ‘seismic objects (surfaces, functions.) \ = oe eww) (oa) (SJ 4 .Click Enter to execute Gol Gta) SIO GIG the equation; @ new whee GIO E) virtual volume is stored in the Input pane. fate iI Gvie) Seismic calculator The Seismic calculator is used for generating virtual calculator volumes based on already existing cubes, or between two or more existing cubes. The calculator expects that all input volumes are of the same size and definition (inline, crossline, and sample count). Acalculator volume can be realized as any other seismic volumes. How to cut a seismic cube between two surfaces: fal NewSeis = If(2< Surface1 (X,Y) And Z>Surface2 (X.Y), Seismic, U) NewSeis — name of the new volume Surface! and Surface 2 - surfaces Seismic — the seismic volume to perform the transformation on ‘6 Setting up a new project Petrel GeopiysiesHow to clip values to a range of (MinValue, MaxValue): NewSeis=Min (MaxVal, Max(Seismic, MinVal)) fi] NewSeis — name of the new volume Seismic — the seismic volume to perform the transform on How to transform seismic using a function: NewSeis=Function(Seismic) NewSeis — name of the new volume Seismic — the seismic volume to perform the transform on Function — function stored in the Input pane acting like a lookup table Perform Mis-tie analysis (1) 1.Right-click the 2D lines seismic survey = folder, select Insert mis-tie set. eon oewa 2.Select vintage to work with in the appearing selection box. 3.Find the Mis-tie set under the seismic survey folder in the Input pane. Mis-tie manager The Mis-tie manager is an interactive tool for managing vertical, phase and/or gain mis-ties and corrections between seismic 2D lines in Petrel. With this, the user can calculate or specify corrections, select reference lines, deselect lines not to be used for mis-tie analysis and also select which 20 lines to display in the active graphics window. Patel Geochysis ‘Setting up a new project 77Perform Mis-tie analysis (1) 1.Right-click the 2D lines seismic survey folder and select Insert mis-tie set. 2.Select the vintage to work with in the appearing selection box. ‘3.Find the Mis-tie set under the seismic survey folder in the Input pane. ‘a Sottng up new project Mis-tie Analysis allows you to extract and apply mis-tie value corrections for 2D seismic surveys. All of the lines contained inside a survey folder or a sub-folder with the same vintage will be used when a Mis-tie set is created. You can estimate and correct for the following Mis-tie values within a 2D survey: Gain Mis-ties. The values extracted will balance the amplitude differences between lines, applying different sets of gains to the 2D lines to normalize the displays. This is useful when lines from different surveys that have been processed with different parameters at different times, need to be displayed together in a graphic window. Vertical Mis-ties. The values extracted will correct any vertical differences between the seismic lines. The user can define if the correction to be applied is a constant shift (default) or a floating shift. Phase Mis-ties. A phase rotation value is extracted for every 20 line in relation to the respective cross points and can be applied to correct differences in phase between lines. The algorithm calculates, for every crossing point, the correlation Patel Geoohysicsbetween traces at the corresponding lines and seeks to minimize the differences between them You can define the window to be used for the algorithm to compare the seismic signal for the traces at crossing points. The default is set to be between -250 and -2500 ms. It is possible to define reference lines that will not be affected by the mis-tie analysis procedure. Exercises 3 - Optimize data geometry and project memory In this exercise, you will be introduced to the optimized use of Petrel as. a seismic handling platform. Exercise Workflow © Change seismic geometry Prefetch to cache Crop a 3D volume and 20 lines Realize a volume Use seismic calculator - optional Perform Mis-tie analysis Change seismic geometry If, for some reason, the geometry of a seismic volume has not been correctly defined in the import procedure, or the 2D or 3D seismic data has not been positioned correctly vertically, this can be remedied inside Petrel. 1. Open Settings for the imported 30 volume mig. 2. Go to the Geometry tab. Observe that Lateral geometry and Vertical geometry can be edited Do not change any values under Lateral geometry. 3. Under Vertical geometry, in the Shift field, enter 100.0, click the Shift button and then Apply. Observe the Time/depth top and bottom values in the Settings window. Click the Shift button a few more times and observe the changing values. Apply the changes while looking at the seismic volume in a 3D window. Petrel Geophysics IN d Since mig was imported using the Line detection method, Trace header fields (not Automatic, see section Load seismic 30 ‘ata, both Lteral geometry and Lateral tenslation/ rotation is possible to change. f Automatic was selocted during impor, al entries for lateral changes are greyed ov. é Any X.Y values or rotation values applied in the riddle part o the dialog will change the X.Y coordinates and rotation under Lateral geometry, Aitsatvaly, enter correct coordinates for Origin, End fst inline and ‘rossline manually. Setting up 2 ew project © 78"Edt rine Sn amen SBI ewe ‘ins 4. Enter in 0 (zero) as Time/depth top value and apply the change. Observe the 3D volume move back to its correct position. Click Cancel to close the dialog box. Prefetch to cache Accessing volumes is one of the most critical and, potentially, time consuming processes when interpreting and handling seismic data. Both SEG-Y and ZGY format volumes are stored and accessed from disk, although the bricked seismic format (ZGY) is handled much faster than SEG-Y. To reduce the access time to volumes, as long as the size is not too big for the computer's RAM, it can be prefetched to cache. This process involves loading the entire volume into computer memory. 1. Right-click mig [Crop] 1 [Realized] 1 and select Prefech to cache. 2. The Petrel message log appears, reading out the status of We Setting up a new project Patel Geoonysiesprefetching the levels 0 (zero) and upward (as many levels required to prefetch the entire volume at full resolution). The volume size cannot be larger than the set seismic cache size for the project. Under Tools/ System settings/Seismic tab, the cache size can be changed. Increase the number to be able to load larger volumes, but be sure not to set it too high as it can lead to unstable performance and may cause Petrel to crash. The range is dependent on the available RAM of the computer. Hold your mouse pointer over the question mark to find out how to calculate the optimal value. Crop a 3D volume and 2D lines “Cropping” the 3D seismic data means reducing the volume in X, Y and/ or Z domain, and also skipping inlines and crosslines. With 20 lines, the same process means reducing the vertical range as well as the extent of the line by limiting and/or skipping trace numbers, CDP’s or SP’s. 1. Right-click and select Insert Virtual cropped volume from the 3D seismic cube (mig). A new icon with the same name as the original followed by [Crop] 1 appears below the original icon. SB 1 rig ‘hg [41 iniine 523 (Gq Y) Xine 470 Gq Random line ©-35 1) mig [Crop] 1 pg Inline 635 gy 0 Xline 470 2. Open the Settings for the cropped volume. Go to the Operations tab. Change the Realization quality to 8, 16 and 32 bit, respectively and observe the changes in file size {realized volume size). 3. Open anew 3D window. Display the cropped data by clicking in the check box in front of mig [Crop] 1. The outline of the seismic cube will be displayed. 4. Under mig [Crop] 1, click the available inline and crossline check boxes. To add more lines, right-click the cropped volume and insert inline, crossline, time slice or seismic intersections from the appearing menu. Peel Geophysies ‘Seltingupa new project «81ay Ip cortnous ma ofthe size when cropping down a vlume is fund in the lower ight comer of ev! é Cropping of 20 lines ‘cannat be performed ‘rephicelly in 2 3D window as with 3D cropped cubes using the green handles ‘when in slect/pick made. 82 Setting up anew project 5. When activating the Select/pick mode Be , the corners and edges of the volume appear with green squares. By clicking these green squares, it is possible to drag the edges of the cube manually. 6. To get an exact cropping to a specific inline and crossline range, open the Settings for the cropped volume by double-clicking its icon (if not already opened), and select the Cropping tab 7. Set the following oarameters: Inline range from 500 to 700, Skip = 0 © Crossline range from 360 to 580, Skip = 0 Vertical range from -800 to -2500ms. = re |__Geemety, syle a Crop omg te huneronge + 7 ve Crossinerange: 350 > se vo Veticatiange 800 2600 8. Click Apply and check the Statisti 9. Go to the Operations tab, Realize sub-tab for the cropped volume and check the file size again. Cancel the Settings dialog, To crop a 2D line, right-click one of the imported seismic lines and select Insert virtual cropped 2D line. Go to the Cropping tab under Settings for the resulting object and set the Vertical range down to —4000. Click OK and click the cropped 2D line check box from the Input pane with an active 3D window. Ss Potrel Geophysics‘Speratons [Geometry ‘Quay atribetoa TS Stee inte [Si Ba staictcs [2 cole Varicalrange 4o00 cor sP Fratrece ~ no» lestrecs | m0 | Skptaces 0 | 11. To change the lateral extent of the cropped 2D line, select appropriate values in the pull-down menu for First trace or Last trace under the Cropping tab under Settings. You can also enter a number for the Skip traces field. 12. Save your project. Realize a volume Realization is the process of creating a physical copy of seismic data in the ZGY bricked seismic format. The original volume can be an imported SEG-Y file, virtual seismic data (for example, a cropped volume) or even a previously realized volume. Realization serves four important purposes: « Creates a physical representation of a cube A realized seismic volume is created as a ZGY format file, and cannot be used in other applications supporting only SEG-Y. It can, however, be imported into another Petrel project. The realized seismic volumes are usually noticeably faster in use compared to SEG-Y file. The realized data can be exported in a SEG-Y format. © Changes value resolution Many SEG-Y files use 32-bit floating-point format for trace amplitude values. Such resolution is sometimes not necessary, and adds a certain overhead to all operations on the volume. Volumes realized in Petrel can be given a value resolution of 16-bit or even 8-bit integers, yielding a gain in available storage space. Seismic data can be decimated going from a higher bit format to a lower. Changing back to a higher bit format only adds the needed storage size and will not recover the initial data. ‘a Cropped seismic is nat created as a physical file ‘on your hard disk. Rather, it provides a mapping to the original data. To create @ physical representation [i.e. a file of virtual seismic data, you have to realize the data Alternatively, itis possible to export the volume ta disk using the SEG-Y format Fotrel Geophysics Setting up a new project» 83© Changes how seismic data is handled Itis not possible to completely visualize arbitrary intersections of any volume. In @ SEG-Y file, for example, data is always stored sequentially as trace following trace, then inline following inline. The realization operation creates a new volume file that is organized for rapid access. ° Increases memory-loading speed A realized cropped cube is significantly faster to upload than the equivalent virtual cropped cube. The whole original cube needs to be accessed when loading a virtual cropped cube. Realization requires disk space and is potentially a time consuming process. It is strongly recommended that your project is saved to a specific location, preferably the local hard disk, before realizing large seismic volumes. Otherwise, the system's temporary directory (for example, C\TEMP) will be used for the generated volume file. 1. Open the Settings dialog box for the cropped seismic cube and go to the Realize sub-tab under the Operations tab. Deselect the Zero centric check box. 2. Use Set from source as shown above as Source amplitude range and click the Sean button. 3. Observe the histogram. Click the Filter box and observe that the spike (zero values) is removed from the histogram display. 4. Ensure that the Realization quality is Integer 8 bit. Bf Setting upa rew project Pee! Geophysicsis eS (Ei ever cmpey: RD treats: 00. | EZ) Ree re: S86 _Onpralmuy, Reto pore 2b 5. Keep the rest as it is and click the Realize button. The task manager appears under the graphic window area showing the status of the realization process. Information is also written to the Petrel message log. ‘ants Rep fn 20207 wa 1B OT DE Chee Bachem Desa AY Ce Samm A new seismic volume will appear in the Input pane, called mig [Crop] 1 [Realized] 1. © Cl mig [Crop] 1 [Realized] 1 Sq C7 nine 600 pligy (] Xline 470 + 0) Z+1650 6. Close the Settings dialog. 7. Right-click the 2D line slb1, cropped in the previous exercise. Go to Settings, Operations tab, and Realize OO BER Patel Geophysics Setting up a raw projectsub-tab. Click the Scan button, then set Realization quality to Integer 16 bit. Click the Realize button. Find the new line in the 2D lines folder. 8. Use what you have learned to realize the full mig seismic cube in 8 bit format. The result should be a mig [Realized] 1 volume in the Input pane. 9. Save the project. The realization process will usually take some time since. Typically, a large part of the seismic cube needs to be accessed and a new file with a new format will be generated (located as .zgy (3D) and .raw (2D) files in the project data folder). On the other hand, the realization process is made asynchronous, which means that it will run in the background while you can continue to work on your project. Seismic 2D lines can be realized one by one from the Settings dialogs or in groups from the Survey manager or Mis-tie manager (as mis-tied versions). Use seismic calculator - Optional ‘The seismic calculator performs calculations on or between seismic volumes. It is a powerful tool to clip amplitude values, cut seismic volumes between surfaces (sculpting seismic), and calculate differences between cubes (AVO analysis based on near and far offset cubes). 1. Right-click mig [Crop] 1 [Realized] 1 and select Calculator. 2. Enter the following expression: AmpCutSeis=Min(40, Max(mig_Crop_1_Realized_1, -40)). Observe that the seismic volume is entered into the expression by clicking its name inside the calculator (Select seismic variable list). Click ENTER. The above calculator expression equals the procedure of clipping the cube to +/- 40 (amplitude values) in the realization process. It is included here to exemplify the calculator as well as using the output in the next few exercise steps. ‘BG Setting up a new project Petrel Geophysicsound) (30r](7) (8) (in) Cate) Gee) Ca) C5) Coa) Tem} (tn) (4) (2) ton) row ){tes) fo] WIL ILI 3. Find and display an inline and crossline from the newly created virtual calculator volume AmpCutSeis. 4. Go to Settings and the Statistics tab for AmpCutSeis. Observe the Min and Max values for Seismic and Amplitude. Compare to the statistics for mig [Crop] 1 [Realized] 1. Realize AmpCutSeis (as you learned in the previous exercise). 5. Enter another equation: SeisDifference= mig_Crop_1_Realized_1-— AmpCutSeis_Realized_1 (select from the list inside the calculator). Click ENTER. 6. Display an inline and xline from this volume. The result gives a virtual calculator volume with only the extreme amplitude values (< -40 and > 40). The two examples described in these exercise steps are only two of a multitude of useful calculations that can be performed on or between cubes. Search for “Seismic Calculator” under the search option in the Online Help. Note that the calculator creates virtual volumes that can be realized as any other seismic volume. Petel Geophysics Seating uo anew project 87A Gain a Locking one ofthe 2D lines means it wil be used as a reference and all other 20 lines will refer to it for mis-te correction. Perform Mis-tie analysis The Mis-tie manager is an interactive tool for managing mis-ties between 20 lines. It works in much the same way as the Survey manager for sorting and viewing data. Mis-tie sets can be generated for the entire survey folder or for different sub-folders under the main survey folder. 1. Right-click the 2D lines folder and select Insert mis-tie set from the appearing menu. 2. If more than one vintage exist, a dialog box appears where the necessary vintage must be selected (select Seismic Time 1 as input). The Mis-tie manager opens up as a spreadsheet with one entry for each crossing between 2D lines. 3. Select the Gain and Vertical check boxes in the top section of the manager, but leave Phase deselected. Leave the Start and End values as default (:hey define the time window or which statistics will be computed between any ‘two crossing lines). 4. Click Compute mis-ties and observe the values entered into the different columns. ferical [7] Phase Stat: -250 End: -2500 [Compute risties 5. Use Constant as method for calculating mis-tie corrections then click the Compute corrections button. ([Gemedeninion} coin ~ [Conpaeconaane]] 6. The Gain correction and Vertical correction columns are filled in. These computed values can be manually edited. In the Vertical correction column, enter —10.0 (10 ms downward relative to the crossing lines) for all entries of slb2. 7. Different 2D lines can be used and locked in this process by clicking the appropriate boxes in the Use and lock 3 columns. Use all lines, but do not lock any of them. When satisfied with the set-up, click Realize to generate physical versions of the mis-tied lines. 8. In the appearing dialog box, make sure Sean for exact amplitude is selected, and deselect Zero centric. Use ‘© Sorting uo 3 new project Perel Geophysics9. Integer 16 bit as Realization quality and select to use Default vintage, then click OK. These lines can now be found at the bottom of the 2D lines folder. G Realize mis-tie corrected seismic ‘Amplitude —————— [7] Scan for exact amplitudes @) From source © From source symetrical around zero © Manually overide Min: [0.0 = (Fl Zeocertic = Max 0.0 Realize and organize = Realization quality: Integer 16 bit Vintage assignment. ———— @ Defeult vintage Open a 3D window and display the original lines by clicking the boxes in the first eye column to the left in the Mis-tie manager. The virtual mis-tied lines are displayed by clicking in the second eye column. Click OK to save and close the Mis-tie manager. Right-click the 2D lines folder again and re-select Insert mis-tie set from the appearing menu. Select the Seismic Time 1 vintage. Anew Mis-tie set 2 is generated and the mis-tie manager opens up again. Remove the tick marks for all lines in the Use column except sIb1 and stb2. Also set a tick mark in the lock column for sib4 Petrol Gaopiyaics ‘Setting up @ new project « 89Jgueas Mistie set (found in the Mis-ties {older} and select Convert to points, The mis-tie set now contains a point data set with attributes that reflect the misctie analysis Savane une 12. Only use Vertical as method. Compute mis-ties. Make sure Constant is selected and Compute corrections. Observe ‘that only two entries are present in the Vertical correction column where the two lines cross each other. 13. Vertical correction for sIb1 is 0 (zero) since this line is locked. Enter —20.0 ms for Vertical correction (20 ms downward relative to sIb1) for slb2. Apply. 14. View the result in a 3D window by using the two eye columns in the Mis-tie manager. Also, compare the two different mis-tie corrected versions of slb2 (manually select/deselect them by expanding slb2 in the Input pane). Amis-tie set is created for the survey folder or sub-folder it is inserted from. All lines in that folder belonging to the selected vintage will be displayed in the Mis-tie manager, including all sub-folder lines. 30 Setting up a new project Petrl GeophysicsSummary In this module, you have been introduced to the handl ng of seismic data in Petrel. You have learned how to set up a project and load data into it, organize and handle 3D and 20 seismic, cop and realize 2D and 3D seismic for easier use of the data and seismic export options. In addition, how to change geometries for seismic data, use the Survey manager, perform mis-tie analysis, and use the seismic calculator have been covered in this module. Peel Geophysies ‘Sorting up a ew projet OYModule 3 - Data Visualization Introduction This module covers how to select and manipulate seismic data, how to set up and handle different windows, and how to change the display of seismic data already shown. Prerequisites No prerequisites are required for this module. = Learning Objectives eal In this module, you will learn about the following: «Use the Seismic interpretation toolbar Visualize and manipulate seismic data Change display settings for ZGY data Rende’ volumes in 3D windows Create and manipulate interpretation windows Use and link multiple windows Create random intersections Create composite intersections Create a Well section fence diagram Pesrel Geophysics Data Visualization « 3og Lesson 1 - Set up 2D and 3D windows Seismic interpretation toolbar 4.From the menu bar, choose View, Seismic interpretation toolbar; itll appear in the status bar. | [S1_sememereneneser 1 Bra ABA see teen 2 Be Semichenaent = GDseemetne? =, 2.Click the if: button to customize icons displayed in the toolbar. Eriol 3.Activate an object from the Seismic semen main folder to access it via the toolbar. oa Seismic interpretation toolbar The Seismic interpretation toolbar provides access to commonly used interpretation tools. It has been developed for the 3D, 2D, and interpretation windows. This toolbar is turned on and off via the View menu in the main Petrel toolbar. Here are described the tools available in the toolbar, in their default order of appearance: Active seismic object - Lists the active seismic object. Color scale — Displays the color table of the active section and allows the user to compress (symmetrically), rotate, or alter opacity (by right-clicking). Flip color table — Flips the color bar. Reset color table — Resets changes made to the color bar. 94+ Data Vgualzation Petre] GeogvsiesActive property template — Shows the property template of the active section and allows you to change property templates. Toggle opacity on all visible seismic planes — Toggles opacity in 3D and 2D windows. Active fault/horizon interpretation — Lists in a dropdown menu the content of the current active interpretation folder. Selecting a horizon or fault makes it active. Toggle wiggle and bitmap — Toggles between VI/VA/VAVI displays in the interpretation wirdow. Create new fault/horizon — Adds this option to the current active interpretation folder. Toggle on/off all interpretation objects — Hides or displays all seismic horizons, faults, and surfaces. Selected vintage — Lists the vintages available for the current intersection. A new vintage can be selected. Apply selected vintage to visible seismic planes — Applies the selected vintage to al' visible intersections, Reset visible seismic planes to original vintage — Resets the vintage of visible intersections to the vintage belonging to the displayed intersection. Poel Geophysics Data Visualization « 95Visualize seismic data in 2D/3D windows { 1.Expand the seismic cube to display the default inline and crossline. ) 2.To add additional inlines, crosslines, random lines and time slices, right-click and select from the appearing menu. { 3:70 view the outline of @ 3D volume, click the check box infront ofthe volume name. | (4.7 aisplay 20 lines, click the check box in front ofthe line name. ] le attention to how ‘the tick mark of the seismic cube is displayed. as the color is dependent upan what is displayed If only the intersections of a volume are dlsplayed, the tct mark will be faded (a weaker color} in contrast to a stronger, full color tick mark ifthe outline of the seismic volume itself is displayed, Seismic data visualization Click the check box in front of the seismic data to visualize the outline of the seismic. Right-click a seismic volume to access the pull-down menu. Here, you can choose to create seismic lines, crop a volume, realize a volume, generate attribute volumes, etc. ‘96 + Data Visualization Patel GeophysicsSelect and manipulate seismic lines { 1. Activate the seismic line in the Input pane. } 2.Use the Manipulate plane (M)[&j button in the function bar or the player in the status bar to change the position. Step through volume Clip plane ‘Set step/play increment] ( Select ptane positon J lind ii 30 ie 8 | am Play through volume| Go to ends Select and manipulate seismic lines To select a specific line: 1. Activate the desired line in the Input pane (and make it bold). 2. Enter the desired line number in the Select plane position field. You can use the clip plane options to remove posted objects in front of or behind seismic displays. You can also “ghost” objects by adjusting the Clip offset parameter. It is done in the Settings dialog for the line type, Style tab, and Plane settings sub-tab. For example, if you set the clip offset to 50, displayed objects within 50 project units (feet or meters) of the seismic line will be displayed. Patel Geophysics Dana Viswlization « 97Annotate seismic lines In seismic cube Settings, Style tab, Annotation sub tab, activate the Section name and Inline, Xline or Z-slice increments. Increment selection The Automatic Increment selection will adhere to the zoom factor used in the 3D window. A fixed increment will only update the text size of the annotation until zoomed out to a point where it will disappear. ‘98=Data Visualization Potvel GeoohyaasSettings for ZGY seismic data (1) Gitta Intersection sub-tab in the Style tab of ZGY data | |; — Sem Tom Settings, is active when a 3D window is open. a ae ten - BD sepnvienimsenite Interpolation method: Smooth by default. Select None to display seismic in its original sample rate. Fa ees | cine 1 amt = SS Enable bump mapping: Shades intersections based on amplitudes. ZGY settings ZGY Intersection style settings The Intersection sub-tab looks the same for SEG-Y and ZGY data. There are just some options not active for both formats. [tis recommended to work with ZGY data instead of SEG-Y data in Petrel, as this format is optimized for visualization and interpretation purposes. That is why the settings for ZGY are described more specifically. Interpolation method displays the seismic section with sub-sample appearance. Smooth is the default selection, but intersections can be displayed without interpolation (to see seismic sections with original sampling interval, blocky display or bilinear interpolation). Interpolate using tile edge blending gives a smooth interpolation across tile borders. Performance will decrease because the full neighboring tiles will be read. Tile blending is a property of the volume, and cannot be set for individual views or cropped velumes. Petrel Geophysics Data Visvalvation « 98Enhance intersection resolution is only active for SEG-Y data. This is purely an interpolation of the seismic dataset. There is no added data, but the result gives a smoother looking seismic display. Note that texture memory increases. Un low-end computers, this can slow down visualization. Enable zone and segment filters for intersections works for seismic volumes that are attached to a 3D grid. This enables the use of segment/zone filters on the intersection. Selecting Enable bump mapping gives an artificial display of the seismic sections where light and shadows will enhance the events so that they appear as ‘bumps’ on intersections. Settings for ZGY seismic data (2) Enable transparency for intersections: See through | % seismic sections, combined with editing opacity level Gee under the Opacity tab or curve under Colors tab. a |B sees aerate et ‘00+ Dar Visualization Petre: GeophisiesEnable transparency for intersections works in conjunction with the opacity curve found under the Colors tab. Typically, the crossover, or zero values, are made (partly) transparent. Max resolution controls what maximum resolution is used for display. \f medium resolution is selected, the high resolution seismic will be never displayed. When used along with the Prefetch to cache option, @ medium setting will mean that no level of details at level 0 (high resolution) will be displayed. However, if the volume is used to compute a new one - via the seismic calculator or the Volume attribute dialogues for example -, the full resolution will always be used. With Enable compressed textures, the intersection shows a slightly less smooth seismic display. This compresses the seismic before it is sent to the graphics card. The compression is not loss-less and should not be used for detailed work. It is especially useful when displaying many 20 lines in the 3D window where the option reduces the texture memory usage. By selecting the Decimate when dragging intersection option, the seismic slice will be decimated according to the selected factor when moving the seismic slice. A high decimation factor will let you browse through large volumes by looking at a less memory intensive level of detail The Fast scene movement option maximizes the performance when rotating the scene while displaying seismic data. This activates the Time to wait for data control when spinning the scene. Time to wait for data controls the time the seismic intersection is allowed to wait for data before moving on to a new position. Perel Geophysics Data Visualization 104Control opacity level (1) { In Seismic data Settings, Colors tab, Select Override global property template to: Addiremove colors Make discrete intervals Define opacity level curve Colors tabs To specify the color settings for a specific object, select Override global property template in its Colors tab. \f deselected, the settings are inherited from its global property template. Here, the colors, the scale, the opacity level curve, can be modified. When clicking Apply, the Opacity tab and the displayed windows are updated accordingly. The color interpolation methods are described in the online Help. 107 Data Visualization "Petrol GeophvsicsControl opacity level (2) In Seismic data Settings, Opacity tab, are the following functions: Zoom in/out Continuous readout of values for moving mouse Draw opacity curve Opacity tab Any change in the Opacity tab is immediately applied in the displayed window and in the Colors tab, with no need to click Apply. a Data Visualization © 108, Perel Beopiysias|Volume rendering 3.Under Style tab, select Volume render to display amplitudes as 1.Open a 3D window and select [Esaam] specified in the opacity curve. ZGY cube in the Input pane. —— 2.Under cube Settings, Colors or t Nat \ Opacity tab, draw the opacity curve. a | Bl terete veg oe Volume rendering Volume rendering is a simultaneous display of all data within the seismic volume. 8y making the volume partly opaque and partly transparent, hidden structural and depositional features can be identified. Depending on the size of the seismic cube and the computer RAM, it is a good idea to use a cropped volume for this process. Note that volume rendering is only possible for ZGY data format cubes. This format allows large datasets to be rendered. Click the Volume render check box to activate the volume rendering feature, and tick mark the volume itself in the Input pane. The option View aligned slices gives the best results with big data, because of graphic cards reasons. 04+ Data Visualization Perel GeophysicsDisplay Volume walls 4.Open the 3D window and click ZGY cube checkbox in the Input pane. | [2 @% nsreine 2.In cube Settings, under Style tab, Volume visualization sub-tab, select Volume walls and set the method to Normal or Inside. “ a i BL cae rms tron Miia Volume wall options Normal: Displays volume walls as a seismic cube. Inside: Displays seismic cube walls from the inside view. You can adjust volume wall transparency by clicking the Enable transparency for walls check box and editing the opacity curve found under the Colors or Opacity tab. Perel Gaophysics ‘Data Visualization » 105,A Exercises 1 - Set up 2D and 3D windows Exercise Workflow Manipulate seismic lines in 2D or 3D windows Modify the seismic data display Render a seismic volume Display volume walls Use the Seismic interpretation toolbar Manipulate seismic lines in 2D and 3D windows 2D windows (used as a base map in Petrel) and 3D windows are useful for selecting and manipulating seismic data. The following exercise takes you through the procedure. 1. 2, Activate a 3D window. Select it either from the Window menu or from the Windows pane. Click the check boxes in front of sIb1, stb2 and sIb7 in the Input pane. To only display the position of a 2D line, expand slb1 by clicking the + sign in front of it. Deselect the Seismic 2D line check box. Alternatively, tick mark the 2D lines folder. Click the mig [Crop] 1 [Realized] 1 check box to display the outline of the seismic volume. Click to display the default inline, crossline, and timeslice for the 3D cube. To display a random line, right-click mig [Crop] 1 [Realized] 1 in the Input pane and select “ !etsamicitenecton from the appearing menu. sez inline 690 7 Inset inline intersection Wine yr treet necinentecen BR Meno wiser cosine nesection Insert time slice intersection |Sa_Insert seismic intersection Ly To insert another seismic inline, right-click your seismic 3D volume name and select the “ !setinlineintersection ontign, Use the Manipulate plane icon ™ in the function bar to move any inlines, crosslines, or random lines to a desired position in the 3D window. Activate an inline (click it in the Petrel explorer so the name becomes bold). Set the Plane step increment to 16 and use the 106 «Daa Visualization Petrel Geophysicsplayer bar ed fd atime | [ie BD to move | the active inline. 8. Activate the Manipulate plane icon ind the 3D window and use the PgUp and PgDn keys to move the active intine. Notice that the inline numbering under the mig [Crop] 1 [Realized] 1 option in the Input pane changes. 9. Activate the Random line. Set the Plane step increment option for the specified line. (For example, use 8 as the increment). Use the player to move the Random line. 10. Activate the Manipulate plane (M) = tool, and click the Random line in the 3D window to drag it to a preferred location. Then, press and hold SHIFT or CTRL and the left Mouse button to rotate the random line in the 3D window using the Manipulate plane tool. Release the key before repositioning the line again. Use the Manipulate plane (M) = tool to drag the Timeslice to a preferred location. You can add line or time annotations by opening the settings of your cube, Style tab, Annotation sub-tab. 13. Open a 2D window. Repeat steps 2-8 using the 2D window for display. . Activate the Timeslice (make the name bold in the Input pane). Use the player to move through the data. 8 = Modify seismic data display The display of seismic data can be altered, but in different ways depending on which display window is used. 1. Open a new 3D window. Display an inline and crossline from the seismic volume mig [Crop] 1 [Realized] 1 2. Open Settings for the volume. Since it is realized as ZGY seismic, the sub-tab display options are ZGY-specific. Poel Geophysics - Data Visualization * 107108 Bata Visual ration 7 1B aver Sein seroma eter BG imemection G Volume vieuotzotcn SF Amototicn vesen Wired tee © Bina Sone | wm segt cin a | vtees Ett tion ont nL Ewes bere mapon toms | cy ia [| weescsetnnaaneytertnactre Novetcin 9 FE Cams — Loe Peteraee & Fatcaranorene | Decimaton whic dausins le | | Teme waters ail 7 om | Zt6o5 | (20% | Change the Interpolation method from Smooth to None and observe the effect. Set it back to Smooth and click Apply. Click Enable bump mapping. Observe the effect by rotating the seismic data in 3D. Click to deselect. Set Max resolution to Low and observe the effect. Change it back to Full, then set the Decimation while dragging option to 4. Use the Manipulate plane (M) ~ tool and observe the behavior when dragging an intersection from the realized volume. Click off all intersections from mig [Crop] 1 [Realized] 1. Display an inline and crossline from the original loaded mig volume, Open Settings for mig and the Style tab. As the loaded volume is in SEG-Y format, the Intersection sub-tab only has SEG-Y specific selections available. Priel GaoshysiesREPT eonas. Grorers | Gnocey ‘Guay ombetes ’ OMe Sues | es | Opmtere Gils «' YB Pasemnay aeatazon — TBD coupnevtumstonosenioae Menod None ines: © Soon T Enabie ave tedanssren ters criterarenens nati nump mening Burp seats 1 nats vanucareecytoreeseectons Nwreseiton 9 Fol Mesnne Paornanca Enatiscorpreraedlenven 4 Faetacasa movement Ovemstonunes organ Fra oorrtorears a Oa . sco [vtopy | | 0K. Si Saneat 8. Notice the unavailable options: Interpolate using tile edge blending, medium and low settings for Max resolution. They are ZGY-specific and greyed out in the dialog. 9. Use the Manipulate plane (M) ~™ tool and drag the inline to anew position. Note that the intersection has equal display quality both in movement and when standing still. Render a seismic volume So far when displaying data from seismic 3D volumes, separate lines or slices have been inserted for viewing. The purpose of volume rendering is to enable you to view the full volume by making parts of the seismic ‘transparent. Pave! Geophysics ‘aia Viewaization« 108,110 ¢ Data Visualization 1. Display the frame of the bricked seismic volume mig [Crop] 1 [Realized] 1 in a 3D Window (click the check box beside it in the Input pane), then open its Settings. 2. Open the Style tab and the Volume visualization sub-tab. Click Volume render (click off Volume walls if enabled) Click Apply and observe the effect in the 3D window. My 1 IRes Fos Gwe [il sence |X tee | ‘DE & | se tease mag’ aeration [IBD es oerentrsncte nemecton SF Velurevisuaizatcr BPS Younes oe asdkeserupovee Y Vohena ender © Daw aigredshces View algred shees Number af aie arts eaaricvohims de taralantatonie deuing mesa | |= | | Peer {| | | | i 3. Go to the Colors tab. Select Override global property template and adjust the Opacity curve. Click somewhere on ‘the curve to insert a new point. Adjust the position and insert more points for adjustment (see figure below) and click Apply. Often the purpose is to make crossover values (greyish colors with low negative and positive amplitude values) transparent.Saintcs [Coos Opens | | © Avemnde global prapedy tempts —_ | | | corr erpctation © HBV Oe Sv) @ Roa © Erephasee DNantnesr icine of J | | i ae Cow Opa io (a He) | 4. In the Settings window under the Opacity tab, set Full opacity [F] using the i] icon, then pick and drag in the histogram display to set the opacity level (see figure next page). Observe that the changes take place interactively in the 3D window. Perel Geophysics Tata Vivalzaton «11111 «Dita Vicalranon 5, Under the Style tab, click off Volume rend Opacity tab, set Full opacity [F] using the to accept the changes. icon. Click OK Display volume walls It is possible to display the limits of a seismic volume as walls. This option is only available for ZGY bricked seismic volumes. 1. Select the check box in front of mig [Crop] 1 [Realized] 1 to display the wire frame of the volume. 2. Right-click mig [Crop] 1 [Realized] 1 and select Settings. Under the Style tab, go to the Volume visualization sub-tab, click Volume walls and Normal. Click Apply to see the effect in a 3D window. Perel Geophysics3. Select Inside and click Apply to see the changes. Deselect Volume walls again and Apply the change. Manipulate colors from the Seismic interpretation toolbar 1. Display or activate an inline in a 3D window. Notice that the interface has been updated with a quick access to the Seismic interpretation toolbar. 2. To reopen the toolbar at any time, go to the View menu and select the Seismic interpretation toolbar. Search toolbar 3. Move the end ticks on the colored sliding bar and see the effect on the displayed data. It compresses the color table symmetrically. 4. Right-click the color table. The opacity curve appears. It can be modified in the same way as the Opacity tab of the Settings dialog. Piel Geophysics Data Visualization © 135. Click the Reset color table .) to go back to the default settings, 6. To change the color palette, click the small arrow beside the color palette name [4 sSeismic defaut) |] and choose Black grey white from the drop-down menu. Take few minutes to familiarize yourself with the other functionalities of the Seismic interpretation toolbar. yg Lesson 2 - Set up Interpretation windows Create interpretation windows To create a new window: | a. Select New interpretation window in window menu. OR b.Right-click a seismic line. To change lines: a.Click the check box in front of a different seismic line. b.Click the triangle 32 above the seismic or drag it to a new position. c.Select an intersection orthogonal to the displayed line with 42 in the function bar. OR d.Redisplay previousinest intersection with “SJ or ' in the function bar. Gy 0) inine 635 Sy Y nine 470) Create Interpretation windows Rotate a random line in an interpretation window Random lines can be rotated in the Interpretation window. Refer to the next lesson for the procedure description. 114+ Data Visualization Petrel GeophysiosFilter crossing intersections the Window toolb. ‘Bitoopen the interpretation window Settings. 2. In the Style tab, select which cressing lines to filter, based on Vintage or Survey; only the triangles representing mentioned Vintage or surveys will appear. To simplify data selection, it can be useful to filter which crossing data to display in interpretation windows. As an example, only the seismic che used far interpretation can he selected ete! Geophysics Data Visalaton © 166 Daia Visualization — Manipulate an interpretation window Zoom: Use mouse wheel, magnifying glass or arrow #8 on scroll bar (edge between white and grey areas). x Move vertically or horizontally Select viewing mote & and left- Glick the seismic or seroll bar a= (white area). Flip a line: Use ‘Align camera with planefflip window axa ‘Squeeze/stretch: while zooming (scroll bars or magnifying glass) Manipulate data in the Interpretation window It is possible to move and zoom by choosing the same method used for a 3D window. To zoom using the Magnifying glass, left-click to drag a square, or use the mouse wheel. If multiple windows are open the displays will be linked. To set a specific scale: fil 1. Expand the interpretation window folder in the Windows pane. 2. Double-click Interpretation 1 to open the Settings dialog (alternatively, click the Show viewport settings icon on the function bar). 3. Go to the Settings tab and adjust the X-Y (absolute) and Z (vertical exaggeration) scales as desired. Pavel GoopnysicsDisplay wiggle traces 1. Display a seismic line in the interpretation window. 2, In the seismic Settings, Style ‘ab, specify Wiggles display. ———————_—} 3. Click |») in the Seismic interpretation toolbar to hide/display wiggles. ) a a {21 Seis eo EiSeimichodzont Hiei AE Simic Time? GB) = Wiggle traces When displaying seismic intersections in an Interpretation window, you have the option to display Wiggle traces. When an Interpretation window is displayed, you can access it from the Style tab, in the Settings dialog for the seismic. Ootions to fill the negative and/or positive side of the traces, increase the gain (x scale) of the wiggles, and determine the number of traces shown are all available in the Settings dialog. Wiggle traces are only available in the Interpretation, Intersection, and Well section windows (Synthetic seismograms). Deselect Show bitmap to remove the voxel display backdrop. Interpolation methods There are three interpolation methods available: ¢ None — Voxels are rendered as original values for the bitmap. The wiggle trace will have linear interpolation. © Bilinear — Voxels are rendered by bilinear interpolation for the bitmap, honoring the original values. The wiggle trace will have linear interpolation. Pavel Geophysics Data Visualization» 197© Smooth — Voxels are rendered by squared distance weighting for the bitmap, smoothing the original values. The wiggle trace will be interpolated by a synch function. Post data in an Interpretation window 4.Display objects from Input or Models pane: Horizon interpretation, Faults, Wellbores (needs a time/depth relationship), Logs, Well Tops, 3D grid data (properties, edges), etc. 3.in Settings, Style tab, Input settings sub-tab, for displayed seismic line, set a distance limit. Part of wellbore and well tops 2eyond the limit will not be posted. 4.|n the 3D grid settings sub-tab, set splay style of 3D grid data. Post data in an Interpretation window To post Well bores and picks, click the desired wells’ check boxes in the Wells folder and the desired properties and tops from the Well Tops folder. A time-depth relationship for the well must be available before the data can be displayed. To adjust the well path appearance, open the Settings dialog for the Wells folder and go to Settings. To adjust well posting parameters, open Settings for the respective attributes in the Well attributes folder. Other objects (interpretations, faults, surfaces, etc.) can also be displayed in the Interpretation window. Select them in the Input pane. 118+ Data Visualization - Patra GeophysicsApply Style settings to all similar objects Clicking the (Vicon in the top of the Style tab will apply the settings to all objects of the same type, attached to the same property template. 1. Go to Settings for each object to set annotation style (Horizon and faults interpretations, license/block borders, grid lines, etc.) 2. Change display of the objects: a. Horizon and fault interpretations from Settings dialog, Style tab b. Polygons used to draw borders as vertical curtain intersections ¢. Grid lines are controlled from the Windows pane, under each interpretation window Annotate data in Interpretation windows To annotate horizon interpretation and fault interpretation, open the Settings for the ogjects to annotate and click the Name check box. License and block borders are displayed using polygons by drawing them as vertical curtain intersections in Interpretation windows. Note that this ignores the Z value of the polygon. Petrel Baxphysics Daia Vaumivaion © 19Display multiple seismic views on the same screen Ne enter 25 oreo ew eit 2a.From menu bar, | choose Windows | and Tile vertical, Tile horizontal, or Tile grid; OR b, Right-click one displayed window's header and choose New tab group. ‘ue Data Visualization Tile windows By tiling 3D, 2D, and Interpretation windows, a powerful tool for interpreting seismic is obtained. It is possible to see the data and interpretation interactively in all windows at the same time. If the same seismic line is selected in all the windows, line manipulation is interactively updated in all windows. Remember that you can resize the windows as you wish. If you have two monitors, the Petrel main window can be resized to cover both monitors allowing additional screen space for display. A cursor tracker is available for each window. When the cursor is selected for multiple windows, the cursor location in one window will be dynamically displayed in the other windows. The size and appearance of the cursor tracker can be changed in the Settings dialog box of each window. Note that this can have an impact on the performance. Patra GespivaiesDual Screens For details about the recommended hardwere for using Petrel on dual screen setups, please contact local support through the Schlumberger Support Portal: https://support.sib.com, Link windows to visual groups 3) Serings ter 30 winaewe7 tam a Sy 3.Click Cursor tracking to see the cursor position in all windows. Link windows Seismic lines are automatically linked, but other posted objects can also be linked. How to link windows to visual groups 1. Open the Settings dialog for a window in the Window tab 2. On the Info tab, click the Linked to visual group icon and selec: a group from the pull-down menu (e.g., first). 3. Click Apply. The window title will update with the group name (e.g., Group:1). Priel Geophysios| 1, In the Windows pane, go to Settings for each displayed window, select Linked to visual group, and choose First from the menu. El Lace casi ges ea) I “ ae “| 2. Activate one window and select an object in the os j Input pane; it will be displayed in all windows. | [Sow Gece n Data Visualization © T211.In the Windows pane, activate the window to link. 2.Click the Camera linking 8, icon on or off in the menu bar. 3.Repeat the procedure for other windows of the same type. 4. Repeat for the other windows. From now on, whenever objects are posted in one window they will show up in the other linked windows. A change in the display of objects in the active window will take effect in the other linked windows. Objects posted in multiple windows can have parameters specific to the window. For example, you can post well bores in a 3D window using a pipe and post the same well bores in a 2D window with a dashed line. Petrel will manage each object in each window independently. Link windows to coordinate groups 4.Activate (bold text) one window and pan, Zoom, and squeeze its seismic content. Observe other windows. Link windows to coordinate groups 3D or Interpretation windows can have a camera link together. Displayed objects can be different, but any zoom, pan, and squeeze operations are synchronized between them. When the Camera icon is selected a. all windows linked together will have their name updated. Wee Data Visualization Petal Geophysics3] 3D window 1 [Camera link) [Any] & 3] A 2D window 2 [Camera ink] [Any] [3] (4) 2D window 3 [Any] BE] H Interpretation window 1 (TWT] For Interpretation windows, it is possible to create several coordinate groups: 1. Expand the Interpretation window folders in the Windows pane. A ind a Cursor tracking Ba Light sources 2-H © Interpretation window 1 [TWT] | DEED) tierpretation 1 2. Oren Settings for Interpretation 1. 3. Inthe Settings tab, select any group in the Link to coordinate group menu. [@ info [3 Setungs (seonaa EX ymin: [21a | Ei Yee (543) Mange ee Unetmegms id fee Pecetage vwenpot |} @ mm Bote: fg | Ci) AD | Petrel Geophysics Data Vavalvaton 123‘Tat Data Visualization [7 Exercises 2 - Set up Interpretation windows Exercise Workflow « Manipulate seismic lines in an Interpretation window Annotate and post data in Interpretation windows - optional Modify the seismic data display Display multiple seismic views on the same screen Link windows to visual groups Link windows to coordinate groups Manipulate seismic lines in an Interpretation window 1. The following methods can be used to open an Interpretation window: Select New interpretation window under Window in the main menu and select a seismic line to be displayed in the window, or - Right-click a seismic line and select Create interpretation window. | EQ A mip Crop] 1 [Resized] 1 ta G Xine |S Settings. Way 7) 2-154 SF Parent settin: 4 Zoom to object Assign mnemonic ‘Hl Create interpretation window Bl Create intersection window 2. Press SHIFT and CTRL and left-click to zoom in on the seismic. 3. Left-click to pan. The scroll bars on the right side and on the bottom of the window can be used to zoom, pan, and stretch/squeeze. Perel Geoshysics4. To pan the data, press and hold the white area of the scroll bar in the lower part or on the right-hand side of your window. Drag it by right-clicking (cursor becomes hand symbol XQ, 5. To zoom, hold the mouse over the intersection between the gray and white area on one of the scroll bars (cursor becomes double arrow e ). Left-click and drag it to zoom. 6. To stretch and squeeze the seismic data, do the same operation as described above in step 5, with the addition of pressing the SHIFT key. When pressing SHIFT, Petrel allows for a different scale in the horizontal and vertical directions. The Magnify (2) icon a on the function bar can also be used to zoom and stretch/squeeze. 7. To activate the tool, click the Magnify (Z) al icon. Left-click and hold the left mouse button on the seismic data and drag the mouse. The square will indicate the area to zoom in on. Press SHIFT and Z to unzoom the last step. 8. Other display icons are: View all in viewport viewport to width =, Fit viewport to height t Pan viewport to center =. Take a moment to familiarize yourself with them. 9. The mouse wheel can also be used to target zoom/unzoom. Hold the mouse over the area to be zoomed in or out and scroll Petre Geophysics Data Visualization « 125poy player in the bottom ofthe window, make sure thatthe displayed line is activated {bold) inthe Input pane. ie To access lines linings, crosslines, oF random lines} directly from the Interpretation window, at least two different line directions must be inserted from the seismic volume, the wheel. The cursor position is the center point when zooming. 10. To traverse a line, use the player ‘ts its cilia or PgUp and PgDn keys. Select 32. as Plane step increment. To use PgUp and PgDn keys, the window and the seismic line must be active (bold). The location of any crossing lines, including 2D, 3D, and any arbitrary lines, will be indicated with a triangle F located directly above the line. The names of the crossing lines are displayed above the triangle(s) at the very top of the window. L770 XL 432 450 11. Display an inline in the Interpretation window. Drag the triangle (representing the crossing line) to a desired location Click the triangle to visualize the crossing line. Note that both the Interpretation window and the Input pane will be updated with the new lines, as well as any other active windows. 12. Flip the displayed line 180 degrees with the Align camera with plane/flip window ® icon in the status bar. Annotate and post data in Interpretation windows - optional It is helpful to orient yourself with the seismic data. The following steps describe how to view cultural data and grid lines. 1. With an Interpretation window active, display a crossline from mig [Crop] 1 [Realized] 1. Find and display the polygon Cultural data. You might not see it in the display window. If ‘a6 + Data Visualization Pett Gaophysizsnecessary, you can view it in a 2D window to reference it to the seismic data. 2. While still in the Interpretation window, open the Settings and Style tab for Cultural data. Under Lines, select Show vertical curtain intersection only (if needed, go to the Info tab and change Template to Elevation time). The cultural data will be displayed as vertical lines where the polygon crosses the intersection. ©) Show vertical curtain rtexectons or © show lines Color 3. Go to the Windows pane. Identify the active Interpretation window named in bold text, for example, Interpretation window 1. Expand it and the sub-folder Interpretation 1. Click the Grid lines check box. aay Interpretation window 1 [TWT] HY) Grid tines 4. Open the settings for Grid lines and go to the Style tab. Change its appearance. Use black crosses of size 10. Modify the other parameters to your liking. 5. Observe how the grid lines are displayed in the window. Patel Geophysies ‘Data Visualization ® 121128+ Data Visualization SD) Horaortal Crosses Modify the seismic data display The display of seismic data can be altered, but in different ways depending on which display window is used. 1. Use the active Interpretation window with a seismic line from mig [Realized] 1 activated. Go to the Settings for mig [Realized] 1 and open the Style tab. heaven Coometsy sess OF sie fie OB 4 | tte pcleson metas "Nore Doerr) Smoom a |! Eaneo | | i | © Shem ‘Wiggiee — 9. Show © FiNposiwe 1 Funegaive areal a [Pi Manual gain 5 <8 | | ~ Patel GeophysiosFor the Wiggles option select Show and click Apply to see ‘the changes. Change Interval to 2 in the pull-down menu. Under Bitmap deselect Show and click Apply. Under Wiggles select Manual gain and enter 5. Click Apply again Under Bitmap select Show, under Wiggles deselect Show, and click Apply. Click several times the HP icon in the Seismic interpretation toolbar and observe that it alternates between VI/VA/VAVI displays in the Interpretation window. Try out the different interpolation methods with and without wiggles displayed. Open a 3D window again. Display an inline and crossline from the seismic volume mig [Realized] 1. Open Settings for the volume (if it has been closed). Observe that the Style tab has changed, according to the active window. Display multiple seismic views on the same screen In this exercise, the same seismic lines will be visualized at the same time in a 20 window (basa map), in a 3D window, and in an Interpretation window. 1. Check the Windows pane. The project should have three windows (one 3D window, one Interpretation window, one 2D window) open in the background. If this is not the case, close or open windows by clicking on or off the check boxes. Make sure that the same crossline is displayed in all windows in addition to the same inline displayed in the 2D and 3D windows (for example, from mig [Realized] 1). Right-click the Interpretation window name in the display, and select New horizontal tab group. ¢ An explanation for the differences is given by holding the cursor aver the question mark. Peatrel Geophysics Data Vsvelzation «1294. Right-click the 2D window name in the display, and select New vertical tab group. 5. To change the relative size of the windows, left-click the straight lines around of the windows and drag them to a preferred size. Rearrange the windows as shown the figure below. ‘Tat Data Visvazation Patel Geophysics000° -z000- sores ses eee 70 i Byyeng, a7 470 wt L Ss Go to the Window menu and see that you have similar options: Tite horizontal, Tile vertical, Tile grid. Make the Interpretation window active by clicking the window and use either the player or PgUp and PgDn keys to traverse the lines, Note that the same line is traversed in all the other windows. Also, the part of the seismic displayed in the Interpretation window is highlighted in yellow in the other windows: as a bold line in the Base map (2D) window and as a bold rectangle in the 3D window. The rectangle in the 3D window will fade away after a few seconds of inactivity. Activate the 2D window (or the 3D window) by clicking it. Activate the Seismic interpretation process (under Geophysics) in the Processes pane. Make sure mig [Realized] 1 is active (in bold text). . Click the Select crossline intersection (Shift+L) F® icon in the Function bar and click inside the 3D or 2D window, besides the active crossline. This will select a new line.at the clicked location. Note that all windows are updated with the new Patel Geophysies Data Visualzation® 131Taz Onta Visualization crossline. In the Input pane the crossline is updated with the new crossline number. . Select a new inline intersection by using the Select inline intersection (L) ™ icon. . To activate the crossline again, select the Select active seismic line (K) ® icon and press SHIFT on the keyboard and click the crossline in the 3D window. 13. Go to the Interpretation window. To go back to the previous line displayed, click the “8 icon in the Function bar. 14. Aworld cursor can be activated for each open window. The cursor position can then be tracked between the open windows. Go to the Windows pane in Petrel Explorer. Select Cursor tracking for each of the three windows. om igtmnw @ 3) A 3D window 1 [Ary] 15. Activate the Interpretation window using the Select/pick 8 mode (P) 8! icon in the function bar. Move the cursor and observe the effects in the 2D and 3D windows. 16. Activate the 3D window, open the Cursor tracking Settings, and increase the Box size to 700. 17. If you want to go back to having only one window, double-click the window name in the display area. To close a window, click the close * button next to the window name. Note that the Tile windows option is very useful when you are doing interpretation later. The horizon that is being interpreted is updated in the windows interactively. Link windows to visual groups So far, only active windows have been used to display objects. This exercise shows how to link windows into groups that enable the user to display objects in more than one window at a time. 1. In the Window pane, find the displayed 3D window in the list and open its Settings. 2. Click Linked to visual group and select the default group (Second) from the drop down menu. Click OK. ~~ Pervel Geophysicsa 7 Tes Deiniow a Vous soup Fikes viual group Peweltiensma: (Objectcaritbe saved sapsratehy) ong.tenemne. Mada by Patel, 3. In the Settings dialogs for the displayed Interpretation window and 2D window, use the same settings. 4. Alternatively, right-click each window name in the Windows pane and select Enable visual group: 2 from the appearing menu. 5. Activate the Interpretation window. Find one horizon interpretation in the Input pane and display it (Imported Interpretation folder). Observe the effect in the different windows. Link interpretation or 3D windows to coordinate groups - optional If more than one Interpretation window is used, they can be linked together in a coordinate group. Any rescaling or repositioning in one window will then be mirrored in the other windows. A similar linking of 3D windows is available. 1. Open two different Interpretation windows, display an inline from the cropped and realized volume, mig [Crop] 1 [Realized] 1, in one window and a crossline from the original imported volume, mig, in the other. Fatvel Geophysics Date Visualization « 33