3.
1a PRACTICE EXERCISE
**Balance the following equations by providing the missing coefficients:
1. 4 Fe(s) + 3 O2(g) → 2 Fe2O3(s)
2. ___C2H4(g) + 3 O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + 2 H2O(g)
3. 6 Al(s) + 6 HCl(aq) → 6 AlCl3(aq) + 3 H2(g)
3.1b PRACTICE EXERCISES
**Give the product(s) and balance the following equations. Identify the kind of reaction.
1. 3SO3 → S3 + 3O3 Decomposition Reaction
2. ___P4 + 6Cl2 → 4PCl3 Direct Combination
3. ___Mg3N2 + 3H2O → 3MgO + 3N2H2 Double Displacement
3.1c PRACTICE EXERCISES
**Write balanced equations based on the following information given:
1. Solid magnesium + oxygen gas → solid magnesium oxide
Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2Mg(s)
2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2Mg0(s)
2. Aqueous silver sulfate + aqueous barium iodide→ solid barium sulfate + solid silver iodide
Ag2SO4 (aq)+ BaI2(aq) → BaSO4(s)+ AgI(s)
Ag2SO4 (aq)+ BaI2(aq) → BaSO4(s)+ 2AgI(s)
3. Reaction of propane (C3H8) with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water
C3H8 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
3.2a PRACTICE EXERCISES
**Atomic weights: H = 1 C = 12 N = 14 O = 16
1. Calculate the number of molecules in 1.0 x 10-6 moles of ethyl alcohol (CH3CH2OH).
2. Calculate the number of molecules in 1.305 x 10-2mol benzene (C6H6).
3. Calculate the number of N atoms in 0.410 mol ammonia (NH3).
3.3a PRACTICE EXERCISES
**Atomic weights: C = 12 H =1 O = 16 Zn = 65 N = 14
1. Calculate the mass, in grams, of 0.105 moles of sucrose (C 12H22O11).
2. Calculate the number of moles Zn(NO3)2 in 143.50 g of this substance.
3. What is the molar mass of cholesterol if 0.00105 mol weights 0.406 g?
3.4a PRACTICE EXERCISES
**Acetaminophen, the pain-killing ingredient in Tylenol formulations, has the formula C8H9O2
Calculate the mass, in grams, of a 0.30 mole sample of this pain reliever.
**Carbon monoxide (CO) is an air pollutant that enters the atmosphere primarily in automobile
exhaust. Calculate the mass in grams of a 2.61 mole sample of this air pollutant.
**How many grams of nitrogen are present in a 0.10- g sample of caffeine, the stimulant of coffee
and tea? The formula of caffeine is C8H10N4O2.
3.5a PRACTICE EXERCISES
1. **Silicon carbide is an important ceramic material made by reacting sand (Silicon dioxide)
with powdered carbon at high temperature. Carbon monoxide is also formed. When 100.0 kg of
sand is processed, 51.4 kg of silicon carbide is recovered. What is the % yield of SiC from this
process?
• Write the balanced equation. SiO2 + 3C → SiC + 2CO
• Convert mass of sand in grams to moles (Atomic mass: Si = 28 C = 12).
• Convert moles of silicon dioxide to moles silicon carbide: 1667 mol SiC
Calculate the % yield of silicon carbide: % yield of silicon carbide is 77.2 %
2. **DDT, an insecticide harmful to fish, birds, and humans, is produced by the following
reaction:
C6H5Cl + C2HOCl3 → C14H9Cl5 + H2O
Chlorobenzene chloral DDT
In a government laboratory, 1142 grams of chlorobenzene is reacted with 485 grams of chloral.
(Atomic masses: C =12 H = 1 Cl = 35.45 O = 16)
Write the balanced equation: 2C6H5Cl + C2HOCl3 → C14H9Cl5 + H2O
• What mass of DDT is formed? 1165 grams of DDT is formed
= 1165 grams of DDT is formed
• Which is the limiting reactant? Chloral (C2HOCl3)
• Which reactant is in excess? Chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl)
• If the actual yield of DDT is 200.0 g, what is the percent yield? Percent yield is 17.17 %
𝐴𝐶𝑇𝑈𝐴𝐿 𝑌𝐼𝐸𝐿𝐷
% 𝑌𝐼𝐸𝐿𝐷 = 𝑋 100
𝑇𝐻𝐸𝑂𝑅𝐼𝑇𝐼𝐶𝐴𝐿 𝑌𝐼𝐸𝐿𝐷
200.0 𝑔
= 𝑋 100
1165 𝑔
% 𝑌𝐼𝐸𝐿𝐷 = 17.17 %
3.6a PRACTICE EXERCISES
Atomic masses: Ba = 137 C = 12 O = 16 N = 14 H = 1
1. **A white powder used in paints, enamels, and ceramics has the following percentage
composition: Ba = 69.6%; C = 6.09% and O = 24.3%. (a) What is its empirical formula and (b) What is
the name of this compound?
(a) What is its empirical formula? BaCO3
(b) What is the name of this compound? Barium Carbonate
2. **Determine the (a) empirical formula and (b) molecular formula of caffeine, a stimulant found
in coffee, that contains 49.5%C, 5.15% H, 28.9% N, and 16.5% O by mass and has a molar mass
of 195 g/mol.
(a) empirical formula: C4H5N2O
(b) molecular formula of caffeine: C8H10N4O2
3. **Ibuprofen, a headache remedy, contains 75.69% C, 8.80% H, and 15.51 % O by mass, and has a
molar mass of 206 g/mol. Determine the (a) empirical formula and (b) molecular formula.
(a) empirical formula: C13H18O2
(b) molecular formula: C13H18O2
