WRITTEN REPORT IN AGRI-FISHERY 2
INTRODUCTION TO POULTRY, SWINE AND LIVESTOCK
2ND SEMESTER
S.Y. 2019-2020
SUBMITTED BY: SHOVIE ALMONICAR & HAZEL LEAH KHAE
ARIAS
BTLED – ICT (MORNING) 2-G3
SUBMITTED TO: Dr. JUANITO F. PAULO JR.
POULTRY PRODUCTION
What is Poultry?
The term poultry is designated to those species of birds, which are
economical and can produce freely under human care. It includes
chickens, ducks, turkeys, pheasants, pigeons, guinea fowl and partridges
etc.
Poultry Farming
It is the form of animal husbandry which raises domesticated birds such
as chickens, ducks, turkeys, and geese to produce meat or eggs for food.
Poultry – mostly chickens – are farmed in great numbers. More than 60
billion chickens are killed for consumption annually.
Poultry Science
Poultry Science is the study of principles and practices involved in the
production and marketing of poultry and its products, it includes;
Breeding – refers to mating poultry for either
maintaining/increasing the current flock.
Housing – plays a vital role in the determination of internal
climatic conditions of the house for optimum health, growth and
productive performance of the birds.
Nutrition – Nutrients provide poultry the energy and material
needed for the development of bone, flesh, feathers, and eggs.
Management – Poultry management usually refers to the
husbandry practices or production techniques that help to maximize
the efficiency of production.
Disease Control – Disease prevention in poultry. Nutritious feed,
access to clean water and adequate housing are important to the
health of your flock.
Marketing – Selling your farm products.
Generally, the term “Poultry” is used only for chickens, which serve as the
most economical source of animal protein food and zoologically are named
as Gallus domesticus.
SWINE PRODUCTION
Pig Farming
It is the raising and breeding of domestic pigs as livestock, and is a
branch of animal husbandry. Pigs are farmed principally for food.
Current Production in the world
China is the top producing country in the world
U.S is 3rd (2001)
Types of Production Systems
Purebred - When both of a pig's parents are registered members of
the same breed, the pig is purebred.
Commercial - The commercial swine industry is focused on
producing high quality, wholesome and reasonably priced pork
products for consumers. In the show pig industry, pigs are
managed to achieve high placing in the show ring
Swine Terms
The swine industry uses many unique terms. Anyone involved in the swine
industry should know and understand these terms.
A. Names by age and sex
Boar – Male pig that is not castrated
Sow – A female pig that has farrowed
Gilt – A female pig that has not yet farrowed
Barrow - A castrated male pig
Piglet – Young pig under 4 months old
Weaner – 0-40 pounds, in the nursery having been weaned away from
mother
Market hog - A gilt or barrow weighing between 240 and 270 pounds and
ready for processing.
B. Production Terms
Farrow - To give birth
Ear Notch – identification system most commonly used with swine
Castrate – removal of testicles
Wean – remove from sow (mother)
Monogastric – one stomach compartment
Gestation Length – 114 days (3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days)
Careers in the Swine Industry
1. Butcher
2. Breeder
3. Farmer/Owner
4. Vet
5. Seller
6. Buyer
7. Nutrition
8. Mating Specialist
LIVESTOCK
Livestock is commonly defined as domesticated animals raised in an
agricultural setting to produce labor and commodities such
as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool. The term is sometimes used
to refer solely to those that are bred for consumption, while other times it
refers only to farmed ruminants, such as cattle and goats. Horses are
considered livestock in the United States. The USDA classifies pork, veal,
beef, and lamb as livestock and all livestock as red
meat. Poultry and fish are not included in the category.
Livestock as a word was first used between 1650 and 1660, as
a compound word combining the words "live" and "stock". In some
periods, "cattle" and "livestock" have been used interchangeably. Today,
the modern meaning of cattle is domesticated bovines, while livestock has
a wider sense.
United States federal legislation defines the term to make specified
agricultural commodities eligible or ineligible for a program or activity. For
example, the Livestock Mandatory Reporting Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-78,
Title IX) defines livestock only as cattle, swine, and sheep, while the 1988
disaster assistance legislation defined the term as "cattle, sheep, goats,
swine, poultry (including egg-producing poultry), equine animals used for
food or in the production of food, fish used for food, and other animals
designated by the Secretary.”
Deadstock is defined in contradistinction to livestock as "animals that have
died before slaughter, sometimes from illness or disease". It is illegal in
many countries, such as Canada, to sell or process meat from dead
animals for human consumption. Animal-rearing originated during the
cultural transition to settled farming communities from hunter-gatherer
lifestyles. Animals are domesticated when their breeding and living
conditions are controlled by humans. Over time, the collective behavior,
lifecycle and physiology of livestock have changed radically. Many modern
farm animals are unsuited to life in the wild.
