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Muscular System

The muscular system consists of three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary muscle that produces movement. It attaches to bones via tendons. Cardiac muscle is striated, involuntary muscle that contracts the heart. Smooth muscle is non-striated, involuntary muscle that lines organs and structures like the digestive tract. Muscles contract through nerve stimulation in a process called excitation-contraction coupling, allowing movements like flexion, extension, and rotation. Major skeletal muscles include those in the head, neck, trunk, and limbs that perform functions like posture, movement, and heat generation.

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187 views75 pages

Muscular System

The muscular system consists of three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary muscle that produces movement. It attaches to bones via tendons. Cardiac muscle is striated, involuntary muscle that contracts the heart. Smooth muscle is non-striated, involuntary muscle that lines organs and structures like the digestive tract. Muscles contract through nerve stimulation in a process called excitation-contraction coupling, allowing movements like flexion, extension, and rotation. Major skeletal muscles include those in the head, neck, trunk, and limbs that perform functions like posture, movement, and heat generation.

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AlvinTercianoVitug
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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Hansel M. Gadon, MAN


Muscular System

▪ Latin word meaning “little mouse”


▪ Essential function is contraction and
shortening
Muscle Types

3 types of Muscle Tissue

▪ Skeletal Muscles
▪ Cardiac Muscle
▪ Smooth Muscles
Skeletal Muscle

▪ Skeletal
▪ Striated
▪ Voluntary
Connective tissue wrappings of skeletal muscle
Smooth Muscle

▪ Visceral
▪ Nonstriated
▪ Involuntary

 Digestive tract
 Bowel and bladder
Cardiac Muscle

▪ Heart/cardiac
▪ Striated
▪ Involuntary
Muscle Functions
▪ Producing movements

▪ Maintains posture
▪ Stabilizes joints

▪ Generates heat
Structure of Skeletal Muscle
Muscle Special Properties

▪ Responsiveness

▪ Contractility

▪ Extensibility

▪ Elasticilty
The Nerve Stimulus
Events of
Neuromuscular
Junction
Providing Energy for Muscle Contraction
▪ Types of Muscle Contraction

 Isotonic (bending knee, rotating arms,


smiling)

 Isometric (push against the wall)


Types of Body Movements

 When skeletal muscle contracts, its INSERTION


moves toward its ORIGIN.
▪ Flexion
▪ Extension
▪ Rotation
▪ Abduction
▪ Adduction
▪ Circumduction
Special Movements

▪ Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion


▪ Inversion and eversion
▪ Supination and pronation
▪ Opposition
Interactions of Skeletal Muscles
▪ Prime mover- muscle that has the major
responsibility for causing a particular
movement
▪ Antagonists- muscles that oppose or reserve a
movement
▪ Synergist - help prime movers by producing
the same movement or by reducing
undesirable movements
▪ Fixator- specialized synergist
Naming Skeletal Muscles

▪ Direction of the muscle fibers

▪ Relative size of the muscle

▪ Location of the muscle


▪ Number of origins

▪ Location of the muscle’s origin and insertion

▪ Shape of the muscle

▪ Action of the muscle


Arrangement
of Fascicles
Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
Head and Neck Muscles
FACIAL
▪ Frontalis
▪ Orbicularis oculi
▪ Orbicularis oris
▪ Buccinator
▪ Zygomaticus
CHEWING MUSCLES
▪ Masseter
▪ Temporalis

NECK MUSCLES
▪ Platysma
▪ sternocleidomastoid
Trunk Muscles

ANTERIOR MUSCLES
▪ Pectoralis major
▪ Intercostal muscle
▪ Muscle of the abdominal girdle
 Rectus abdominis
 External oblique
 Internal oblique
 Transversus abdominis
POSTERIOR MUSCLES
▪ Trapezius
▪ Latissimus dorsi
▪ Erector spinae
▪ Deltoid
Muscles of the Upper Limb

MUSCLES OF THE HUMERUS


▪ Biceps brachii
▪ Brachialis
▪ Brachioradialis
▪ Triceps brachii
Muscles of the Lower Limb

MOVEMENT AT THE HIP JOINT


▪ Gluteus maximus
▪ Gluteus medius
▪ Iliopsoas
▪ Adductor muscles
MOVEMENT AT THE KNEE JOINT
▪ Hamstring group
▪ Sartorius
▪ Quadriceps group
▪ Movement at the Ankle and foot
▪ Tibialis anterior
▪ Extensor digitorum longus
▪ Fibularis muscles
▪ Gastrocnemius
▪ Soleus

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