ARCH
[ GERBANG ]
prepared by : Miss.Izzati Yahya
Definition
• System structure that
transmit the load to the
corbel via a curved
shape in a single plane .
• Under load , it undergoes
compression force .
• Must be designed to
overcome these forces
with minimal bending .
Example : Natural Surrounding
LOAD TRANSFER I SEBARAN BEBAN
Parabolic curve
This two arch are very effective in arch system
Catenary curve
Formed if the ballast is horizontal and Formed if the weights suspended at
continuous suspended at points equal distances along the cable.
equidistant horizontally from a wire that
hang freely .
(Terbentuk jika pemberat yang mendatar dan (Terbentuk jika pemberat digantung pada
selanjar digantung pada titik-titik yang sama jarak yang sama di sepanjang kabel tersebut.)
jaraknya secara mendatar daripada suatu
kabel yang tergantung bebas. )
Parabolic curve Catenary curve
shows an inverted catenary arch to form the
arches
(menunjukkan lengkungan katenari yang
disongsangkan untuk membentuk gerbang.)
Lines stress produced by the load evenly
located inside the gates is compressive stress
(Garisan tegasan yang dihasilkan oleh beban
sekata terletak di dalam gerbang dan
merupakan tegasan mampatan.)
Lines stress produced by the load evenly
located inside the gates and is compressive
stress
(gerbang katenari songsang merupakan
bentuk geometri yang paling berkesan untuk
menyangga beban seragam yang bertindak ke
atas gerbang.
Catenary curve
ELEMENT OF ARCHES I ELEMEN GERBANG
show traditional semi-circular arch
(menunjukkan gerbang traditional separuh
bulat)
Line break in the catenary arches representing
the stresses produced by the weight of the gate
(Garisan putus di dalam gerbang adalah
lengkungan katenari dan mewakili garisan
tegasan yang dihasilkan oleh berat gerbang.)
If the arches does not have ballast , it will
collapse .
(Jika gerbang tidak berpemberat, ia akan
runtuh.)
The bending of the ribs will force the exit
portion of the arches and then the top will
collapse
(Daya lenturan pada bahagian rusuk akan
memaksa bahagian gerbang ini keluar dan
seterusnya bahagian atas akan runtuh)
Gate will be stable if the internal forces can
overcome the gates of the external forces
acting
(Gerbang akan stabil jika daya-daya dalaman
gerbang dapat mengatasi daya-daya luaran
yang bertindak)
Stability of arches I Kestabilan gerbang
Material used Tie Rod
Reflection of arches I Tindakan gerbang
The forces generated in the arches is to push
out the arch.
The sizes of forces depend on the types of
arch.
The forces at the base of the diagonal can be
decomposed into a vertical
component (weight ) and horizontal ( thrust )
Relationship between types of arch and the forces
Perkaitan antara bentuk gerbang dan daya tujahan
STEEP ARCH MIDDLE ARCH MIDDLE ARCH
(GERBANG CURAM) (GERBANG PERTENGAHAN) (GERBANG DANGKAL)
Base of the arch overcome Load of the arch are similar The thrust forces bigger
the thrust forces with the thrust forces than the load of the arches.
Types of basic arch I bentuk gerbang yang lazim
Horseshoe Lancet Parabolic
Three - centered Segmental
Types
Typesof
ofmoden
modenarch
archI Ibentuk gerbang terbaru
bentuk gerbang terbaru
Monolit Arch Two hinged Arch Three hinged Arch
• Consists of one • Have a pin / hinge at both • Consists of two elements
continuous element . ends to enable it to swivel . which is hinged at the top
and base of the gate .
• Has a rigid connection • The load may cause the
to the supporters . peak arch goes up or down , • spin independently on each
but no resulting bending at pin under the action of
• Addressing the bending the bottom arch . different loads .
forces in all parts of the
arch and supporters • The thickness of the top • No bending power
arch allows the stress lines produced at the three hinges
are in the form of the arch. .
• Construction is of coated
wood - made and transported
easily .
Side of stability I KESTABILAN SISI
Geometry arch & post and beam
Series of arch : diagonal ties
Lamellae arch system
Case study
(Analisis rekabentuk)
Pont Du Gard, Nimes
• Consists of 3 storey semi-circular stone
arch .
• Built of stone resistance in compression and
without mortar .
• Stability of thrust available from the
interaction between adjacent gates and two
ponds .
• Resistant to the form because :
1. The weight of the flanks
and heavy
stone arches above .
2. Lines stress in the gate.
3. No bending .
Case study
(Analisis rekabentuk)
Jefferson Memorial Arch, Saarinen
• Similar to the catenary ballast .
• Forces is generated in the form of a arch .
• Forces respond into the structure .
• the structure grows at the bottom :
1. increased mass resolving power and thrust .
2.Generate stability
3. Distribute the weight of the arch to a larger
area
Case study
(Analisis rekabentuk)
Rheim Cathedral, Rheims
• strut thrust transfer curve of the ceiling
vaults to buttressed (flying buttress ) .
• Stability is available through buttressed
heavy enough to withstand the thrust of the '
flying buttress ' .
• act as an ornamental stone decoration and
added mass for stability buttressed
Case study
(Analisis rekabentuk)
• Size and functions of the arches
which is enclosed the space are
produce from the technology.
• steel and concrete reinforcement
materials complete the transition
from arch functions, this is a way
to stretch the opening in the wall
as the main structural elements
• The main structure of exhibition
hall without any buffering is steel
gate
Halle des Machines.Paris.Dutert.1889 • Width 375 feet.
• High 150 feet.
• Length 1400 feet.
Case study
(Analisis rekabentuk)
Jambatan Henau-Uzwil,Switzerland.Maillart.
