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CHAPTER 7
DESIGN OF RCC FLOOR BEAMS
7.1 Introduction
Detail floor beam design calculation considering lateral loadings as per ACI code is discussed
in this chapter. There are several beams in the fifteen storied residential building. The
building frame model including all beams is analyzed using ETABS. Beams are identified as
FB1 which is shown in Figure 7.1. For space limitation, detail design calculation of beam
FB2 is provided in this thesis, whereas calculation for other beams is shown in tabulated
format.
Figure 7.1: Beam layout plan
7.2 Design of Exterior Beam FB -1
7.2.1 Design data
fy = 60 ksi
fc' = 4 ksi
Analysis and design of a fifteen storied residential building on lateral loads
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Clear span of the beam = 29'
Assume, beam section width, b = 24″ and beam section depth, h = 15″
Column size, C1= 24″ × 16″, C2= 16″×26″
The following bending moments of beam FB-1 are collected from ETABS analysis results file.
+ve Moment at Mid Span = 764.92 k-ft
-ve Moment at exterior support = 1000.14 k-ft
-ve Moment at interior support = 1118.18 k-ft
Figure 7.2: Moment diagram of beam FB1 (kip-ft)
7.2.2 Maximum Steel Ratio
f c 87 4 87
b 0.85 1 0.85 0.85 0.02852
f y 87 f y 60 87 60
max 0.63375 b 0.63375 0.02852 0.01807
d = h - concrete cover = 24 - 2.5 = 21.5 in
7.3 Reinforcement Calculation
7.3.1 Interior Span
Reinforcement at interior support:
M u 1118.18 12 13418.2 kip - in
First check whether the beam as singly reinforced can carry the moment.
Analysis and design of a fifteen storied residential building on lateral loads
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fy
M u1 ρ b d 2 f y 1 0.59 ρmax
f c
60
M u1 0.9 0.01807 15 21.5 60 1 0.59 0.01807
2
4
M u1 5683.8 kip-in M u 13418.2 kip - in
Therefore, compression steel is needed to carry the difference.
As1 ρmax b d 0.63375 0.02852 15 21.5 5.8 in2
The extra moment, M u 2 M u M u1 13418.2 5683.8 7734.4 kip - in
The additional tension and compression steel due to extra moment M u 2
Assume, d 2.5 in
M u2 7734.4
As 2 7.54 in 2
f y d d 0.9 60 21.5 2.5
Total tension steel,
As As1 As 2 7.54 5.8 13.34 in 2
Use 14 #9 bars. As,prov.= 14×1= 14 in2 > As,req = 13.34 in2 (ok)
The compression steel has, As´= 5.8 in2
So use 6 #9 bars as compression reinforcement.
Check If Compression Steel Yields:
fy 60
y 0.00207
29000 29000
As1 f y 7.54 60
Let, a 8.9 in
0.85 f c b 0.85 4 15
a 8.9
Distance to neutral axis, c 10.47 in
1 0.85
c d 10.47 2.5
Strain in compression steel, s 0.003 0.003 0.0023
c 10.47
A 7.54
1 s1 0.023
bd 15 21.5
1 0.023
0.806
b 0.02852
ts 0.005 is assumed at the centroid of the tension steel for max
d t h 2.5 21.5 2.5 19 in
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d c 19 10.47
At thelower row of bars, t t 0.003 0.003 0.0024 0.005
c 10.47
Tension controlled section; = 0.9
Choose Steel Bars As Follows:
Tension Zone:
As 13.34
No. of steel using 14#9 bar, n 13.34 14
Ab 1
Use 6 bars of #9; As,prov.= 14×1= 14 in2 > 13..34 in2 (ok)
Compression Zone:
As 5.8
No. of steel using #9 bar, n 5.8 6
Ab 1
Use 6 bars of #9; As´,prov.= 6 in2 > 5.83 in2 (ok)
Check Actual d:
d main 1.125
Actual, d h clear cov er d tie 1 24 1.5 0.375 1 20.56 in
2 2
It is equal approximately to the assumed depth.
7.3.2 Positive Moment at mid span:
M u 764.92 12 9179.04 kip - in
First check whether the beam as singly reinforced can carry the moment.
M u1 5683.8 kip-in M u 9179.04 kip - in
Therefore, compression steel is needed to carry the difference.
As1 5.8 in 2
The extra moment, M u 2 M u M u1 9179.04 5683.8 3492.24 kip - in
The additional tension and compression steel due to extra moment Mu2
Assume, d 2.5 in
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M u2 3492.24
As 2 3.4 in 2
f y d d 0.9 60 21.5 2.5
Total tension steel,
As As1 As 2 5.8 3.4 9.2 in 2
The compression steel has, As´= 5.8 in2
Follows: Choose Steel Bars As
Tension Zone:
As 9.2
No. of steel using #9 bar, n 9.2
Ab 1
Use 10 bars of #9; As,prov.=10×1=10 in2 > 9.2 in2 (ok)
Compression Zone:
As 5.8
No. of steel using #9 bar, n 5.8
Ab 1
Use 6 bars of #9; As´,prov.=6 in2 > 5.8in2 (ok)
7.3.3 Moment at exterior support:
M u 1000.14 12 12001.7 kip - in
First check whether the beam as singly reinforced can carry the moment.
M u1 5683.8 kip-in M u 12001.7 kip - in
Therefore, compression steel is needed to carry the difference.
As1 5.8 in 2
The extra moment, M u 2 M u M u1 12001.7 5683.8 6317.9 kip - in
The additional tension and compression steel due to extra moment M u 2
Assume, d 2.5 in
M u2 6317.9
As 2 6.2 in 2
f y d d 0.9 60 21.5 2.5
Total tension steel,
As As1 As 2 5.8 6.2 12 in 2
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The compression steel has, As´= 5.8 in2
Choose Steel Bars As Follows:
Tension Zone:
As 12
No. of steel using #9 bar, n 12
Ab 1
Use 12 bars of #9; As,prov.= 12×1= 12 in2 =12 in2 (ok)
Compression Zone:
As 5.8
No. of steel using #9 bar, n 5.8
Ab 1
Use 6 bars of #9; As,prov.= 6 in2 > 5.8 in2 (ok)
7.4 Seismic Design Check
Adequacy of beam flexural design for a special moment frame at section 1- 1
a) Check limitation on material for the beam.
i) fc' = 4000 psi > 3000 psi (ok)
ii) fy = 60000 psi = 60000 psi (ok)
b) Check geometric constraints for the beam.
21.5
i) Clear span, ln 29 ft 4d 4 7.2 ft (ok)
12
bw 15
ii) 0.625 0.3 (ok)
h 24
iii) bw 15 in 12 in (ok)
iv) bw 24 in C2 16 in (ok)
c) Check for minimum and maximum ratio of longitudinal reinforcement at section 1-1.
200 200
i) min 0.0033
fy 60000
Analysis and design of a fifteen storied residential building on lateral loads
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As 6
ii) 6#9 bars result in 0.0186
bd 15 21.5
14#9 top bars
iii) 14#9 top ba
As As 14 1 6 1
Maximum 0.0248 max 0.01807
bd bd 15 21.5 15 21.5
d) Check for minimum positive and negative moment capacity at section 1-1.
i) M n 0.5M n at column face.
fy
k n 1.25 f y 1 0.735
f c
60000
k n 1.25 0.0434 60000 1 0.735 0.0434 1697.5
4000
k b d 2 1697.5 15 21.52
M n n 980.8ft - kip
12000 12000
MBED Equation.3
60000
k n 1.25 0.0186 60000 1 0.735 0.0186 1108.9psi
4000
k n b d 2 1108.9 15 21.52
M n 640.7 ft - kip 0.5 980.8 490.4 ft - kip
12000 12000
ii) M n 0.25M n- max at section 1 - 1
M n 640.7 ft - kip 0.25 980.8 245.2 ft - kip
iii) M n 0.25M n- max at section 1 - 1
M n 980.8 ft - kip 0.25 980.8 245.2 ft - kip
Mid section:
Adequacy of beam flexural design for a special moment frame at section 2- 2
a) Check geometric constraints for the beam.
21.5
i) Clear span, ln 29 ft 4d 4 7.2 ft
12
bw 15
ii) .625 0.3
h 24
iii) bw 25 in 12 in
Analysis and design of a fifteen storied residential building on lateral loads
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bw 15 in C2 16 in
b) Check for minimum and maximum ratio of longitudinal reinforcement at section 2-2.
200 200
i) min 0.0033
fy 60000
As 4
ii) 4#9 bars result in 0.0124
bd 15 21.5
iii) 8#9 top and bottom continuous bars.
A A 8 1
iv) Maximum s s 0.0124 0.0124 max 0.01807
bd bd 15 21.5
c) Check for minimum positive and negative moment capacity at section 2-2.
i) M n 0.5M n at column face.
fy
k n 1.25 f y 1 0.735
f c
60000
k n 1.25 0.0248 60000 1 0.735 0.0248 1351.44 psi
4000
k b d 2 1351.44 15 21.52
M n n 780.88 ft - kip
12000 12000
fy
k n 1.25 f y 1 0.735
f c
60000
k n 1.25 0.0124 60000 1 0.735 0.0124 802.86 psi
4000
k n b d 2 802.86 15 21.52
M n 462.9 ft - kip 0.5 780.88 390.44 ft - kip
12000 12000
i) M n 0.25M n- max at section 2 - 2
M n 462.9 ft - kip 0.25 780.88 382.46 ft - kip
ii) M n 0.25M n- max at section 2 - 2
M n 373 ft - kip 0.25 764.92 382.46 ft - kip
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Exterior section:
Adequacy of beam flexural design for a special moment frame at section 3- 3
a) Check geometric constraints for the beam.
21.5
i) Clear span, ln 29 ft 4d 4 7.2 ft
12
bw 15
ii) 0.63 0.3
h 24
iii) bw 15 in 10 in
iv) bw 15 in C2 16 in
b) Check for minimum and maximum ratio of longitudinal reinforcement at section 3-3.
3 f c 3 4000
i) min top min bott 0.0031
fy 60000
200 200
ii) min top min bott 0.0033
fy 60000
As 1
iii) 2#9 bars result in 0.0033
bd 24 12.5
iv) 8#9 top and bottom continuous bars.
A A 8 1 2 1
v) Maximum s s 0.0199 max 0.0030
bd bd 24 12.5 24 12.5
c) Check for minimum positive and negative moment capacity at section 3-3.
i) M n 0.5M n at column face.
fy
k n 1.25 f y 1 0.735
f c
60000
k n 1.25 0.0199 60000 1 0.735 0.0199 1165psi
4000
k b d 2 1165 24 12.52
M n n 364 ft - kip
12000 12000
fy
k n 1.25 f y 1 0.735
f c
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60000
k n 1.25 0.0199 60000 1 0.735 0.0199 1165psi
4000
k n b d 2 1165 24 11.562
M n 311 ft - kip 0.5 364 182 ft - kip
12000 12000
i) M n 0.25M n- max at section 3 - 3
M n 311 ft - kip 0.25 1000.18 250 ft - kip
ii) M n 0.25M n- max at section 3 - 3
M n 364 ft - kip 0.25 1000.18 250 ft - kip
7.5 Design of seismic hoops:
Critical end regions of a beam in a special moment frame for shear and confinement.
DL= 4.68 kip/ft
LL= 0.50kip/ft
wu 1.2D 1.0L 0.25S 1.2 4.68 1.0 0.50 0 6.11kip/ft
Taken from etabs, Vmax 57.82 kip
M n M n wu l n 764.92 1000.14 6.11 29
Ve 80.86 88.59 169.45 kip or 8 kip
ln 2 29 2
Vmax 8
4 kip Ve
2 2
Assuming, #4 perimeter hoops.
Ve 169.45
Vs 225.93 kip
0.75
Av f y d 3 0.20 60 21.5
S cr 3.4 in 3 in
Vs 225.93
d 21.5
S cr 5.4 5 in ;
4 4
S cr 8 d b long 8 1.128 9 in ;
S cr 24 d b hoop 24 0.375 9 in ;
S cr 12 in
S cr S1 3 in
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Provide, S1=3 in within 2h 2 24 48 in 4 ft
d 21.5
S2 10.75in
2 2
S 2 10.5 in
Hooks should extend 6db 6 1 6 in or 3 in
Figure 7.3: Details Reinforcement of Floor Beam FB-1
Analysis and design of a fifteen storied residential building on lateral loads
