[ORGANISATION NAME & LOGO]

Operations Manual
For Conducting Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)
Operations in Hong Kong

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Operations Manual Template for Conducting Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Operations in Hong Kong

Revision History

Any amendments made to this document should be recorded in the table below and sent to the
CAD. The latest version of the Operations Manual should be used for all UAS operations.

Issue Amendment Amendments Incorporated Amended

Number Date By

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Operations Manual Template for Conducting Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Operations in Hong Kong

Compliance Statement

To ensure safe operations of UAS, [Organisation Name] will comply with all the regulations in
Hong Kong and operate in accordance with the conditions set out in any permission or
exemption. The instructions, procedures and information detailed in this document will be
adhered to by all personnel involved in the concerned UAS operations.

Signature :
Accountable Manager : [Name of Responsible Person - for the safe
conduct of all of the Organisation’s operations]
Position : [e.g. Manging Director, etc.]

For and on behalf of [Organisation Name], [Identification of the organisation, e.g.

Certificate of Incorporation No. / Company Registration No. xxx]

Address: [add details here]

Phone: [add details here]

Acronyms and Abbreviations

Abbreviation Description
AGL Above ground level
AIP Aeronautical Information Publication
ATC Air traffic control
CAD Civil Aviation Department
ft Feet
g Gram
GPS Global Positioning System
kg Kilogram
km/hr Kilometre per hour
m Metre
NOTAM Notice to Airmen
UAS Unmanned aircraft system
VLOS Visual line of sight

… [Insert or delete as appropriate]

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Operations Manual Template for Conducting Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Operations in Hong Kong

Table of Contents

Revision History .................................................................................................................... i

Compliance Statement ......................................................................................................... ii
Acronyms and Abbreviations .............................................................................................. ii
Table of Contents ................................................................................................................. iii
Part A – General............................................................................................................. 1
Section 1 Organisation ........................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Structure of Organisation .......................................................................................... 1
1.2 Nominated Personnel ................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Responsibilities and Duties....................................................................................... 2
1.4 Brief Technical Description of UAS .......................................................................... 4
1.5 Area of Operations ..................................................................................................... 4
1.6 Type of Operations..................................................................................................... 4
1.7 Operating Limitations and Conditions...................................................................... 5
Section 2 Operational Control............................................................................................. 8
2.1 Supervision of UAS Operations ................................................................................ 8
2.2 Accident Prevention and Flight Safety Programme................................................. 8
2.3 Flight Team Composition .......................................................................................... 8
2.4 Operation of Multiple Types of UAS.......................................................................... 8
2.5 Qualification Requirements ....................................................................................... 9
2.6 Crew Health ................................................................................................................ 9
2.7 Logs and Records ...................................................................................................... 9
Part B – Operating Procedures .................................................................................. 10
Section 3 Flight Planning / Preparation............................................................................ 10
3.1 Determination of the Intended Tasks and Feasibility ............................................ 10
3.2 Operating Site Location and Assessment .............................................................. 10
3.3 Risk Management ..................................................................................................... 10
3.4 Communications ...................................................................................................... 12
3.5 Pre-notification ......................................................................................................... 13
3.6 Site Permission ........................................................................................................ 13
3.7 Weather ..................................................................................................................... 13
3.8 Preparation and Serviceability of Equipment and UAS ......................................... 13
Section 4 On-site Procedures and Pre-flight Checks ...................................................... 14
4.1 Site Survey ............................................................................................................... 14
4.2 Selection of Operating Area and Alternative .......................................................... 14
4.3 Cordon Procedure .................................................................................................... 14

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4.4 Communications ...................................................................................................... 15

4.5 Weather Checks ....................................................................................................... 15
4.6 Battery Management / Refuelling ............................................................................ 15
4.7 Loading of Equipment ............................................................................................. 16
4.8 Preparation and Correct Assembly of UAS ............................................................ 16
4.9 Pre-Flight Checks of UAS and Equipment.............................................................. 16
Section 5 Flight Procedures .............................................................................................. 17
5.1 Start........................................................................................................................... 17
5.2 Take-off ..................................................................................................................... 17
5.3 In-flight ...................................................................................................................... 17
5.4 Landing ..................................................................................................................... 18
5.5 Shutdown.................................................................................................................. 18
5.6 Post-flight ................................................................................................................. 18
Section 6 Emergency Procedures .................................................................................... 19
6.1 Motor / Propeller Failure .......................................................................................... 19
6.2 Fire ............................................................................................................................ 19
6.3 Loss of Command and Control Data Link .............................................................. 19
6.4 Loss of GPS Signal .................................................................................................. 20
6.5 Low Battery .............................................................................................................. 20
6.6 Flyaway ..................................................................................................................... 20
6.7 Public Encroachment............................................................................................... 21
6.8 Aircraft Encroachment ............................................................................................. 21
Part C – Training .......................................................................................................... 22
Section 7 Training Requirements ..................................................................................... 22
7.1 Training Programme ................................................................................................ 22
Part D – Appendices .................................................................................................... 23
Form A Flight Log........................................................................................................... 23
Form B Battery Log ........................................................................................................ 24
Form C Maintenance Log ............................................................................................... 25
Form D Incident Log....................................................................................................... 26
Form E Site Survey Form ............................................................................................... 27
Form F Risk Assessment Form..................................................................................... 28
Form G UAS Operation Checklist .................................................................................. 29

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PART A – GENERAL

Section 1 Organisation

1.1 Structure of Organisation

Editorial Note 1: Editorial notes within the following text indicate where the organisation
applying for permission needs to add text to describe their specific operations. The
editorial notes must be replaced with the organisation’s own text before submission to
CAD.

Editorial Note 2: The following organogram and corresponding nominated personnel

and responsibilities and duties should be amended as appropriate.

1.1.1 The following organogram illustrates the persons involved in UAS operations carried out
by [Organisation Name]. To ensure safe operations, the responsibilities and duties of
Chief Remote Pilot, Co-Remote Pilot and Visual Observer are to be performed by at
least three individuals during the entire flight.

[Position of Accountable
Manager (please update)]

Chief
Remote Pilot

Co-Remote Pilot Visual Observer

1.2 Nominated Personnel

1.2.1 The nominated persons listed in Table 1 have received the required training with
relevant competencies to perform the concerned UAS operations.

Table 1 – Nominated personnel

Nominated Position Name Post Mobile Number

Chief Remote Pilot

Co-Remote Pilot

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Visual Observer

1.3 Responsibilities and Duties

1.3.1 [Position of Accountable Manager] (hereafter referred to as “Accountable Manager”)

is accountable for the overall safety and compliance of any UAS operations conducted
by [Organisation’s Name]. His duties include the following:

 Oversee the training programme and ensure the nominated personnel have the
relevant competencies;
 Ensure all UAS operations are conducted in accordance with the conditions set
out in any permission or exemption and the procedures detailed in this document;
 Ensure logs and records in relation to all UAS operations are properly kept; and
 Ensure any amendments made in this document are recorded and sent to the
CAD.

1.3.2 Chief Remote Pilot is responsible for supervising and issuing command for UAS
operations on-site. His duties include the following:

 Brief and debrief all members of the flight team and associated staff and ensure
they are aware of their responsibilities for the particular UAS operation;
 Prepare the required documents for the applications for permission for
conducting UAS operations in Hong Kong;
 Conduct risk assessment to identify any hazard for the operation and determine
risk mitigating measures to be implemented;
 Conduct site survey to determine if the prevailing conditions are suitable for UAS
operations and complete the associated forms;
 Work out the flight details including flight time, flight duration, take-off and landing
area, flight path, etc. and execute accordingly;
 Perform pre-flight check to ensure the UAS is in good condition and functioning
properly prior to take-off or launching; and
 Ensure that all logs and records in relation to the operations are properly
completed and signed.

1.3.3 Co-Remote Pilot is responsible for assisting the Chief Remote Pilot for the safe
operations of UAS. His duties include the following:

 Assist in the completion of all checks such as pre-flight and post-flight checks,
and logs and records such as flight log and battery log;
 Keep the Chief Remote Pilot updated constantly on an independent monitor on
flight parameters of the UAS including battery level and satellites tracked as the
Chief Remote Pilot may be focused on keeping the UAS within Visual Line of
Sight (VLOS);
 Assist in ensuring the operation is executed according to plan such as flight path
followed and image captured.

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 Alert the Chief Remote Pilot in case of any emergencies such as battery level
and satellites tracked reaching the minimum level for safe operations; and
 Take over control of the UAS in case of incapacitation of the Chief Remote Pilot.

1.3.4 Visual Observer is responsible for monitoring the area around the UAS operations and
alerting the flight team in case of any emergencies. His duties include the following:

 Maintain constant visual lookout for any uninvolved people, vehicles, vessels or
structures within or getting close to the minimum lateral separation required;
 Monitor the airspace visually and aurally for any other aircraft and assess the risk
of collision;
 Maintain close communication with the Chief Remote Pilot and alert him in case
of any emergencies; and
 Contact the parties concerned such as ATC prior to and upon completion of the
operations if required.

Note: Reference in this document to male gender should be understood to include both male
and female genders.

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1.4 Brief Technical Description of UAS

1.4.1 Table 2 shows all UAS that will be used by [Organisation Name] for conducting any
UAS operations in Hong Kong.

Table 2 – UAS to be used

Manufacturer
Model / Type of UAS
Serial Number
Take-off Weight of UAS (without fuel)
Maximum Flying Altitude
Maximum Speed
Wind Speed Limitation

Manufacturer
Model / Type of UAS
Serial Number
Take-off Weight of UAS (without fuel)
Maximum Flying Altitude
Maximum Speed
Wind Speed Limitation

1.5 Area of Operations

1.5.1 The area of operations is to be limited to the site(s) specified in the flight plan submitted
to the CAD and in accordance with any conditions set out in the permission or
exemption.

1.6 Type of Operations

Editorial Note 3: This section should be modified as appropriate to specify the scope of
UAS operations to be conducted by the Organisation applying for permission.

1.6.1 The following type(s) of UAS operations will be conducted:

a) Aerial photography / filming;

b) Aerial survey;
c) Aerial inspection; or
d) [Others (to be specified)].

1.6.2 The flight team shall observe the operating limitations and conditions specified in Part A
section 1.7 for all operations, unless otherwise permitted by CAD.

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1.7 Operating Limitations and Conditions

1.7.1 All operations shall be in compliance with the safety parameters as published on CAD’s
website (https://www.cad.gov.hk/english/Unmanned_Aircraft_Systems.html), unless
otherwise permitted by CAD. The flight team shall keep themselves updated on the
latest safety parameters.

1.7.2 Area of operations

a) UAS shall normally not be flown in the vicinity of an airport and aircraft approach
and take-off paths, which include:
 Areas within 5 km of Hong Kong International Airport;
 North Lantau coastal area;
 Coastal areas from Tai Lam Chung to Tsuen Wan and Tsing Yi Island;
 Victoria Harbour and its coastal areas; and
 Shek Kong area.
b) UAS shall not be flown over or within 50 m of any person, vessel, vehicle or
structure not under the control of the UAS operator; except that during take-off and
landing, the UAS must not be flown over or within 30 m of any person other than
the person in charge of the UAS or a person necessarily present in connection with
the operation of the UAS. Further conditions on flight safety clearance may be
imposed on the operation of the UAS as necessary.
c) The UAS operation site (including emergency operation zone and any safety zone
for the operation of the UAS) shall be under the operator's full control.
d) The take-off and landing area should be properly segregated from public access.

1.7.3 Control of UAS

The UAS operator shall be on site and keep the UAS within Visual Line of Sight (VLOS)
during the period of the flight. Operating within VLOS means that the UAS operator is
able to maintain direct, unaided (other than corrective lenses) visual contact with the
UAS, and is able to monitor the UAS flight path in relation to other aircraft, persons,
vessels, vehicle and structures for the purpose of avoiding collisions.

1.7.4 Other related issues

a) The UAS operator is responsible for ensuring that no person and property would be
endangered by the UAS, and shall not fly the UAS unless he has reasonably
satisfied himself that the flight can be safely made.
b) No hazardous material may be carried nor objects be dropped from the UAS in
order to avoid endangering persons or property on the ground.
c) The person in charge of the UAS shall not fly the UAS unless before the flight he
has satisfied himself that the mechanism that causes the UAS to home and land in
the event of a failure of or disruption on any control systems, including the radio
link, are in working order.

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d) The UAS operator shall maintain records of each flight made pursuant to the
permission and makes such records available to CAD on request.
e) A site safety assessment has been completed by the UAS operator, and can be
made available to CAD on request.
f) Permission of the land / property owner on whose land / property the UAS is
intended to operate has been obtained.
g) The operation is carried out in accordance with the operations manual submitted to
CAD.
h) The UAS operator shall perform a safety check on UAS (including its fuel or lithium
batteries) before operating UAS.

1.7.5 Altitude of Operations

The altitude of UAS shall not exceed 300 feet (~90 m) above ground level.

1.7.6 Altitude keeping performance capability

The UAS operator shall describe the means of altitude keeping to ensure that the actual
altitude flown is accurate.

1.7.7 Time of Operations

a) UAS operations shall be conducted during daylight hours only.

b) No more than one UAS will normally be permitted at any one time within the same
block of designated airspace.

1.7.8 Weather Criteria

a) Ground visibility of not less than 5 km - visibility of more than 5 km may be required
depending on the nature and area of operations;
b) Cloud base not lower than the approved altitude of operations;
c) Surface wind of no more than 20 knots, unless otherwise specified by the
manufacturer (the surface wind speed limit may be reduced if the controllability of
the UAS is in doubt);
d) The UAS operator shall have a hand-held anemometer to monitor surface wind
speed on site; and
e) The UAS operator must not launch the UAS when Rainstorm Warning, Tropical
Cyclone Warning or Strong Monsoon Signal is in force.

1.7.9 Heavy UAS

Except with CAD's endorsement, heavy UAS weighing more than 7 kg (without its fuel)
is not allowed to fly in Hong Kong.

1.7.10 Pilot Qualification

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Evidence of pilot competency is required when making an application for permission to

operate UAS.

1.7.11 Operations Manual

The UAS operator is required to submit an operations manual covering the procedures
to be followed for all envisaged operations of the UAS. This document is a key
requirement to enable CAD to accurately assess the application and the safety case
before deciding whether to grant permission.

1.7.12 Communication with ATC (if required)

a) The UAS operator shall inform the CAD / Aerodrome Supervisor before launching
and on completion of the UAS operation.
b) The UAS operator shall provide his contact phone number to the CAD / Aerodrome
Supervisor, who may instruct to stop the operation when necessary.

1.7.13 Frequency spectrum and Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)

The UAS operator is required to comply with the regulations set by Office of the
Communications Authority on the use of radio frequencies and to ensure that no RFI is
caused to air traffic operations and air navigation equipment.

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Section 2 Operational Control

2.1 Supervision of UAS Operations

2.1.1 The Accountable Manager shall monitor the compliance of UAS operations conducted
by the flight team with the relevant conditions and procedures to ensure safe operations.

2.1.2 The Chief Remote Pilot is responsible for supervising UAS operations on-site.

2.1.3 The Co-Remote Pilot will take over the supervision in case of incapacitation of the Chief
Remote Pilot.

2.2 Accident Prevention and Flight Safety Programme

2.2.1 The flight team shall record any accident or incident regarding any UAS operations using
the Incident Log (Form D) and submit a report to CAD within three calendar days from
the date of occurrence by email to [email protected] using the form DCA 234.

2.2.2 The following events shall be recorded and reported:

 Loss of control datalink (where the loss resulted in an event that endangers the
safety of any person or property);
 Navigation failures;
 Structural damage incurred that adversely affects the performance or flight
characteristics of the UAS;
 Any collision with or loss of separation from another aircraft;
 Unintended contact between the UAS and persons, structures, vehicles, vessels,
etc.; or
 Any incident that injured a third party.

2.2.3 Every accident or incident recorded will be investigated to find out the root cause of the
event. Preventive measures such as additional training, more stringent conditions, etc.
where necessary will be implemented for future UAS operations. All nominated
personnel, whether directly involved in the event or not, will be briefed about the case
and any lessons learnt.

2.3 Flight Team Composition

2.3.1 The responsibilities and duties of Chief Remote Pilot, Co-Remote Pilot and Visual
Observer are to be performed by at least three individuals at all times during any UAS
operations.

2.4 Operation of Multiple Types of UAS

2.4.1 Only one UAS will be operated at any one time. Multiple UAS may be brought to the site
as back-up but they will be switched off.

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2.5 Qualification Requirements

Editorial Note 4: This section should be modified as appropriate to reflect the training
and testing requirements to be qualified members of the flight team of the Organisation
applying for permission.

2.5.1 All nominated personnel shall get themselves familiarised with the regulations in Hong
Kong, CAD’s guidelines for safe operations of UAS, normal operational procedures as
well as emergency procedures detailed in this document.

2.5.2 The Chief Remote Pilot and Co-Remote Pilot shall be competent for the type(s) of UAS
operations to be conducted. They are required to complete satisfactorily the required
training and assessment in accordance with the training programme as detailed in Part
C of this document.

2.6 Crew Health

2.6.1 All members of the flight team shall declare they are fit to fly during the brief given by the
Chief Remote Pilot before any UAS operation is conducted.

2.6.2 If a person is unfit to perform his duties as part of the flight team (e.g. suffering from
fatigue), the UAS operation shall not be conducted unless another nominated person is
able to take over his position.

2.6.3 A person shall not be a member of the flight team if he is under the influence of alcohol
or drugs, unless medical advice has been sought to ensure that the drugs will not impair
his ability to perform his duties in relation to the UAS operation.

2.7 Logs and Records

2.7.1 Apart from the electronic flight log which records basic flight parameters in the UAS, the
following logs and records shall also be kept using the forms in the appendix:

 Flight Log (Form A)

 Battery Log (Form B)
 Maintenance Log (Form C)
 Incident Log (Form D)
 Site Survey Form (Form E)
 Risk Assessment Form (Form F)

2.7.2 The Chief Remote Pilot shall ensure that all logs and records in relation to the operations
are properly completed and signed.

2.7.3 The Accountable Manager shall ensure that logs and records in relation to all UAS
operations conducted by [Organisation’s Name] are properly kept until a date two
years after the UAS has been destroyed or has been permanently withdrawn from use.

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PART B – OPERATING PROCEDURES

Section 3 Flight Planning / Preparation

3.1 Determination of the Intended Tasks and Feasibility

3.1.1 Before taking on a job, the Accountable Manager shall determine the UAS operations
required for achieving the purpose of the job and assess the feasibility taking into
account the following considerations:

 Date and time constraints;

 Location and surroundings of the area of operations;
 Details of and permission from the land owner / property manager; and
 Any other relevant information (e.g. other airspace users, public access, etc.).

3.2 Operating Site Location and Assessment

3.2.1 After taking on a job, the Chief Remote Pilot shall conduct a site survey and work out the
flight details before the UAS operations. During the operating site assessment, the
following aspects shall be considered:

 Boundary of the area of operations (including likely take-off / landing area and
alternative site);
 Location and height of obstructions (e.g. buildings, trees, etc.);
 Proximity of other aircraft operations;
 Flight restrictions related to the area of operations (e.g. temporary Restricted
Flying Zones established, local by-laws at country parks, etc.);
 Hazards / possible radio interference associated with industrial sites or activities
such as live firing, fuel tank, high tension cables, high-intensity radio
transmission, etc.;
 Habitation and recreational activities nearby;
 Security measures required to limit public access to the area of operations;
 Altitudes and routes to be used on the approach to and departure from the area
of operations;
 Permission from the land owner / property manager concerned; and
 Weather conditions for the planned event (e.g. ground visibility, cloud base,
surface wind speed, precipitation, etc.).

3.2.2 After conducting the operating site assessment, the Chief Remote Pilot shall complete
and sign the Site Survey Form (Form E).

3.3 Risk Management

3.3.1 After taking on a job, the Chief Remote Pilot shall conduct a risk assessment to identify
any hazard before the UAS operations and determine risk mitigating measures to be
implemented.

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3.3.2 Due diligence should be exercised in identifying reasonably foreseeable hazards related
to the operation. Open and clear communication should be maintained with stakeholders
who may be affected.

3.3.3 The likelihood of occurrence (Table 3) and severity of consequences (Table 4) for each
identified hazard shall be assessed to determine the risk rating (Table 5).

Table 3 – Likelihood of occurrence

Likelihood Meaning Value

Frequent Likely to occur many times (has occurred frequently) 5

Occasional Likely to occur sometimes (has occurred infrequently) 4
Remote Unlikely to occur, but possible (has occurred rarely) 3
Improbable Very unlikely to occur (not known to have occurred) 2
Extremely Almost inconceivable that the event will occur 1
Improbable

Table 4 – Severity of consequences

Severity Meaning Value

Catastrophic  UAS / equipment destroyed A

 Multiple deaths
Hazardous  A large reduction in safety margins, physical distress, or B
a workload such that operational personnel cannot be
relied upon to perform their tasks accurately or
completely
 Serious injury
 Major equipment damage
Major  A significant reduction in safety margins, a reduction in C
the ability of operational personnel to cope with adverse
operating conditions as a result of an increase in
workload or as a result of conditions impairing their
efficiency
 Serious incident
 Injury to persons
Minor  Nuisance D
 Operating limitations
 Use of emergency procedures
 Minor incident
Negligible  Few consequences E

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Table 5 – Risk rating

Safety Risk Severity

s Catastrophic Hazardous Major Minor Negligible
hProbability A B C D E
a
l Frequent 5 5A 5B 5C 5D 5E
l
Occasional 4 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E
d
eRemote 3 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E
t
eImprobable 2 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E
r
Extremely
1 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E
Improbable

3.3.4 With reference to the risk rating, an evaluation of each identified hazard shall be
conducted to determine which is acceptable and which requires further mitigating
measures according to the classification below. The results are to be recorded in the
Risk Assessment Form (Form F).

a) Intolerable (red) – Take immediate action to mitigate the risk or stop the activity.
Perform priority risk mitigation to ensure additional or enhanced preventative
controls are in place to bring down the risk rating to tolerable.
b) Tolerable (yellow) – The risk can be tolerated based on risk mitigation. For
example, cones or security personnel could be placed for restricting people from the
area of operations to prevent unauthorized access during the UAS operation. If in
doubt, the Chief Remote Pilot may seek advice from the Accountable Manager on
whether the risk could be accepted.
c) Acceptable (green) – The risk can be acceptable as is. No further safety risk
mitigation is required.

3.3.5 UAS operations shall only be conducted when all the risks have been mitigated down to
an acceptable level.

3.4 Communications

3.4.1 The Chief Remote Pilot shall determine an effective means of communication within the
flight team during the UAS operations. Depending on the size and environment of the
area of operations, the use of walkie-talkie or direct verbal communications may be
considered.

3.4.2 In case of an emergency which may affect the safety of other airspace users (e.g. a
flyaway), the flight team shall notify the Aerodrome Supervisor of the Air Traffic Control
unit (Tel: 2910 6822) with the following information as soon as possible:

 Time of the incident;

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 Heading of the UAS;

 Remaining battery life of the UAS; and
 Brief description of the UAS (e.g. brand, model, colour, size, number of rotors,
etc.)

3.4.3 The flight team shall also report to the Hong Kong Police Force immediately for
necessary actions, as appropriate.

3.5 Pre-notification

3.5.1 For flying in the vicinity of an airport and aircraft approach and take-off paths (i.e. the
areas specified in Part A section 1.7), prior permission from CAD must be obtained. On
the day of operations, the Visual Observer shall inform the relevant parties (e.g.
Aerodrome Supervisor, helicopter operators, etc.) in accordance with the conditions set
out in the permission before launching and on completion of the UAS operation.

3.5.2 The Visual Observer shall also provide his contact phone number to the relevant parties
(e.g. Aerodrome Supervisor, helicopter operators, etc.) who may instruct to stop the
operation when necessary.

3.5.3 Depending on the location and nature of operations, the Chief Remote Pilot shall ensure
that all the necessary authorisation or permission from other Government Departments
has been obtained.

3.5.4 The Chief Remote Pilot shall also ensure that the land owner / property manager has
been given sufficient notice about the UAS operations in accordance with the conditions
(if any) set out in the permission.

3.6 Site Permission

3.6.1 The Chief Remote Pilot shall ensure that permission from the land owner / property
manager concerned has been obtained prior to conducting the UAS operations. Written
consent letter is preferred and shall be attached to the Site Survey Form for record
keeping.

3.7 Weather

3.7.1 Weather forecasts shall be obtained from the Hong Kong Observatory’s website during
flight planning, with consideration on ground visibility, cloud base, surface wind speed,
precipitation, etc. for the planned event.

3.8 Preparation and Serviceability of Equipment and UAS

3.8.1 All UAS listed in Part A section 1.4 and the associated components such as remote
controller, propellers, batteries, camera, etc. shall be checked by the Chief Remote Pilot
prior to and after every UAS operation.

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3.8.2 Any findings and maintenance conducted on the equipment shall be recorded in the
Maintenance Log (Form C). A test shall be conducted to confirm the serviceability of the
equipment after any maintenance actions.

3.8.3 The Chief Remote Pilot shall ensure all equipment required for the intended tasks are
serviceable with software and firmware updated before the UAS operations.

Section 4 On-site Procedures and Pre-flight Checks

4.1 Site Survey

4.1.1 Upon arrival at the area of operations, the flight team shall walk around the site to
confirm the details in the Site Survey Form (Form E) and Risk Assessment Form (Form
F) prepared at the flight planning stage are still valid.

4.1.2 If there are any additional hazards identified, actions shall be taken to ensure the UAS
operations can be safely conducted.

4.2 Selection of Operating Area and Alternative

4.2.1 The Chief Remote Pilot shall identify a suitable area which is flat enough to enable safe
take-off and landing. This area shall be kept clear for landing as automatic return-to-
home may be activated during the operations.

4.2.2 The selected operating area shall be clear from obstructions and shall be of a size which
allows the flight team to maintain full-time VLOS with the UAS during the operations.

4.2.3 An alternative area close to the operating area shall also be selected for emergency
landing and shall be made known to the flight team.

4.3 Cordon Procedure

4.3.1 The operating area (including the take-off and landing area) shall be cordoned off from
uninvolved people, vehicles, vessels and structures during the UAS operations, with
minimum lateral separation as stated in Part A section 1.7, unless otherwise permitted
by CAD.

4.3.2 Clear warning signs, cones and/or safety tape shall be used to indicate UAS operations
in progress. Extra Visual Observer(s) may be required to advise the public of the
dangers of entering the operating area for sites with potential public access.

4.3.3 Should there be any public encroachment, the Visual Observer(s) shall inform the Chief
Remote Pilot who shall then land the UAS or shift the UAS to a safe position such that
minimum lateral separation can be maintained.

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4.4 Communications

4.4.1 Before the UAS operations, the Chief Remote Pilot shall brief all members of the flight
team to ensure they are aware of the flight details and their responsibilities.

4.4.2 The Chief Remote Pilot shall also ensure the means of communication within the flight
team is effective and all relevant parties (e.g. Aerodrome Supervisor, helicopter
operators, other Government Departments, land owner / property manager, etc.) have
been informed of the operations if required.

4.4.3 The Visual Observer shall ensure that emergency contact numbers and a fully charged
mobile phone with stable reception are available during the UAS operations.

4.5 Weather Checks

4.5.1 Before the UAS operations, the Chief Remote Pilot shall ensure that the prevailing
weather conditions are suitable for the UAS operations.

4.5.2 Weather information shall be obtained from the Hong Kong Observatory’s website to
ensure the ground visibility as observed from the location of the flight team is not less
than 5 km; and no Rainstorm Warning, Tropical Cyclone Warning or Strong Monsoon
Signal is in force.

4.5.3 A hand-held anemometer shall be used to ensure the surface wind speed on-site is not
more than the operational wind limitation or 20 knots, whichever is lower.

4.5.4 The Chief Remote Pilot shall also ensure that the cloud base is at a sufficient altitude
such that the UAS is kept clear of cloud for the planned flight (i.e. not operated in or out
of cloud).

4.6 Battery Management / Refuelling

4.6.1 The Co-Remote Pilot shall be responsible for the charging, storage and record-logging
of batteries.

4.6.2 Batteries shall be handled according to the manufacturer’s safety guidelines. Swollen,
leaky or damaged batteries shall never be used or charged.

4.6.3 Batteries shall never be charged at a higher rate than recommended or left unattended
during charging.

4.6.4 Batteries shall be stored at around half of its charge remaining in specifically designed
battery bags at cool temperatures.

4.6.5 The date and time of charging for each battery shall be recorded in the Battery Log
(Form B), and the maximum number of charge cycles shall be checked against the
manufacturer’s guidelines.

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4.6.6 The Co-Remote Pilot shall ensure that sufficient number of batteries are available for the
UAS operations. The battery level of the flight battery, remote controller and mobile
phone shall be at least 85% before the operations.

4.7 Loading of Equipment

4.7.1 The Co-Remote Pilot shall ensure that all UAS components and payload are secured
and the SD card has sufficient capacity for the intended tasks.

4.8 Preparation and Correct Assembly of UAS

4.8.1 The Co-Remote Pilot shall prepare and assemble the UAS in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.

4.9 Pre-Flight Checks of UAS and Equipment

4.9.1 The Chief Remote Pilot, with the Co-Remote Pilot’s assistance, shall perform pre-flight
check on the UAS equipment using Part I of the UAS Operation Checklist (Form G) and
ensure that all items are ready for the UAS operations.

4.9.2 The UAS should not be launched if the status of any item is “No” and fault report should
be filed using Part III of Form G.

4.9.3 The minimum number of GPS satellites tracked shall be 8, and the geofencing
boundary and maximum altitude of operations shall be set if geo-fencing is used.

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Section 5 Flight Procedures

Editorial Note 5: This section should be modified in accordance with manufacturer’s

instructions on the model(s) of UAS to be used.

5.1 Start

5.1.1 Prior to take-off, the Visual Observer shall check that the take-off area is clear of
uninvolved people, vehicles, vessels and structures again.

5.1.2 The Chief Remote Pilot shall notify the flight team that the UAS is about to take-off.

5.2 Take-off

5.2.1 The Chief Remote Pilot shall start the motors. After take-off, the Chief Remote Pilot shall
perform hover check by pushing the control sticks gently and observing the aircraft’s
response.

5.2.2 The Co-Remote Pilot shall inform the Chief Remote Pilot of the number of satellites
being tracked and battery level of the UAS and remote controller.

5.2.3 The Visual Observer shall check the surroundings and confirm if the UAS operations can
proceed as planned.

5.2.4 If geo-fencing is used, the Chief Remote Pilot shall test the function by moving the
aircraft towards the boundary of the geo-fence and observe its response.

5.3 In-flight

5.3.1 The Chief Remote Pilot shall conduct the UAS operations according to the conditions set
out in the permission or exemption and follow the manufacturer’s instructions.

5.3.2 The Co-Remote Pilot shall keep the Chief Remote Pilot updated constantly on flight
parameters of the UAS including battery level and satellites tracked.

5.3.3 The Visual Observer shall maintain constant lookout for public and aircraft
encroachment and alert the Chief Remote Pilot in case of any emergencies.

5.3.4 If the GPS signal falls to 7 satellites, the Chief Remote Pilot shall terminate the flight
immediately. Switch the flying mode from ‘GPS mode’ to ‘attitude mode’ and
manoeuvre the aircraft to the landing position for landing. ‘Return-to-home’ function is
not recommended.

5.3.5 If the battery level of the aircraft reaches 30%, the Chief Remote Pilot shall terminate
the operation immediately and manoeuvre the aircraft to the landing position for
landing. If the battery level of the aircraft reaches 15%, the aircraft will return to the
‘home’ position and land automatically.

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5.4 Landing

5.4.1 Before landing the aircraft, the Chief Remote Pilot shall alert the team of the intention to
land.

5.4.2 The Visual Observer shall check the landing area is clear for landing.

5.5 Shutdown

5.5.1 Upon touchdown, the Chief Remote Pilot shall stop the motors. Switch off the aircraft
and then the remote control device after landing.

5.5.2 The Co-Remote Pilot shall disassemble the UAS (e.g. remove the flight battery) in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

5.6 Post-flight

5.6.1 The Chief Remote Pilot, with the Co-Remote Pilot’s assistance, shall perform post-flight
check on the UAS equipment using Part II of the UAS Operation Checklist (Form G) and
file a fault report using Part III of the form if needed.

5.6.2 The Chief Remote Pilot, with the Co-Remote Pilot’s assistance, shall record the UAS
operations using the Flight Log (Form A).

5.6.3 The flight team shall report all accidents or incidents (e.g. crash, temporary incapacity of
team members or any other persons interfering with the flight operations, etc.) in
accordance with Part A section 2.2, preferably within the same day of operation.

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Section 6 Emergency Procedures

6.1 Motor / Propeller Failure

6.1.1 If any sign of motor / propeller failure is observed, the Chief Remote Pilot shall notify the
flight team by calling “Falling Drone” and try to stabilize the UAS as far as possible.

6.1.2 If the aircraft is likely to pose danger to people in the vicinity, everyone in the flight team
shall raise the awareness of the people by yelling “run away/散開, run away/散開, run
away/散開”.

6.1.3 The Chief Remote Pilot and Co-Remote Pilot shall maintain VLOS with the UAS. The
Visual Observer shall confirm the landing area, or the alternative area, and the flight path
to the site is clear for landing, and inform the Chief Remote Pilot accordingly.

6.1.4 The Chief Remote Pilot shall manoeuvre the aircraft to the landing position for landing as
far as possible.

6.2 Fire

6.2.1 If any sign of fire is observed, the Chief Remote Pilot shall notify the flight team by
calling “Aircraft Fire”, maintain VLOS with the UAS and terminate the flight immediately.

6.2.2 The Visual Observer shall confirm the landing area, or the alternative area, and the flight
path to the site is clear for landing, and inform the Chief Remote Pilot accordingly.

6.2.3 The Chief Remote Pilot shall manoeuvre the aircraft to the landing position for landing
and shut down the motors as soon as possible.

6.2.4 The Co-Remote Pilot shall stand by with a fire extinguisher and call the Fire Services
Department for assistance if necessary.

6.3 Loss of Command and Control Data Link

6.3.1 If the command and control data link is lost, the fail-safe mechanism of the UAS will be
activated and the aircraft will return to the ‘home’ position and land automatically.

6.3.2 The Visual Observer shall confirm the landing area, or the alternative area, and the flight
path to the site is clear for landing, and inform the Chief Remote Pilot accordingly.

6.3.3 The Chief Remote Pilot shall maintain VLOS with the UAS. If any abnormal behaviour is
observed, the Chief Remote Pilot shall switch the flying mode from ‘GPS mode’ to
‘attitude mode’ to try to regain control of the UAS and manoeuvre the aircraft to the
landing position for landing as soon as possible.

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6.4 Loss of GPS Signal

6.4.1 If the GPS signal falls to 7 satellites, the Co-Remote Pilot shall notify the flight team by
calling “GPS Lost”.

6.4.2 The Chief Remote Pilot shall terminate the flight immediately. He shall switch the
flying mode from ‘GPS mode’ to ‘attitude mode’ to regain control of the UAS and
maintain VLOS with it.

6.4.3 The Visual Observer shall confirm the landing area, or the alternative area, and the flight
path to the site is clear for landing, and inform the Chief Remote Pilot accordingly.

6.4.4 The Chief Remote Pilot shall manoeuvre the aircraft to the landing position for landing as
soon as possible.

6.5 Low Battery

6.5.1 If the battery level of the aircraft reaches 30%, the Co-Remote Pilot shall notify the
flight team by calling “Low Battery”.

6.5.2 The Visual Observer shall confirm the landing area, or the alternative area, and the flight
path to the site is clear for landing, and inform the Chief Remote Pilot accordingly.

6.5.3 The Chief Remote Pilot shall terminate the flight immediately and manoeuvre the
aircraft to the landing position for landing.

6.5.4 If the battery level of the aircraft reaches 15%, the aircraft will return to the ‘home’
position and land automatically.

6.6 Flyaway

6.6.1 If the UAS has no response to any control inputs, the Chief Remote Pilot shall notify the
flight team by calling “Flyaway” and maintain VLOS with the UAS as far as possible.

6.6.2 The Co-Remote Pilot shall take note of the following and notify the Air Traffic Control unit
(Tel: 2910 6822) as soon as possible:

 Time of the incident;

 Heading of the UAS;
 Remaining battery life of the UAS; and
 Brief description of the UAS (e.g. brand, model, colour, size, number of rotors,
etc.)

6.6.3 The Visual Observer shall also report to the Hong Kong Police Force immediately for
necessary actions, as appropriate.

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6.7 Public Encroachment

6.7.1 Should there be any public encroachment within or getting close to the minimum lateral
separation required, the Visual Observer shall inform the flight team by calling “Public”
and advise the Chief Remote Pilot of the position of the public spotted. The Chief
Remote Pilot shall hold position of the UAS immediately.

6.7.2 The Visual Observer shall confirm the landing area, or the alternative area, and the flight
path to the site is clear for landing, and inform the Chief Remote Pilot accordingly.

6.7.3 If the above is confirmed, the Chief Remote Pilot shall land the UAS. Otherwise, he shall
shift the UAS to a safe position such that minimum lateral separation can be maintained.

6.8 Aircraft Encroachment

6.8.1 Should there be any aircraft encroachment within or getting close to the minimum lateral
separation required, the Visual Observer shall inform the flight team by calling “Aircraft”
and advise the Chief Remote Pilot of the position of the aircraft spotted. The Chief
Remote Pilot shall hold position of the UAS immediately.

6.8.2 The Visual Observer shall confirm the area immediately beneath the UAS is clear and
inform the Chief Remote Pilot accordingly.

6.8.3 If the above is confirmed, the Chief Remote Pilot shall descend the UAS. Otherwise, he
shall shift the UAS to a safe position to avoid collision.

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PART C – TRAINING

Section 7 Training Requirements

7.1 Training Programme

7.1.1 All nominated personnel shall get themselves familiarised with the regulations in Hong
Kong, CAD’s guidelines for safe operations of UAS, normal operational procedures as
well as emergency procedures detailed in this document.

7.1.2 The Chief Remote Pilot and Co-Remote Pilot shall be required to complete initial training
which comprises theoretical knowledge (e.g. aviation law, principles of UAS operations,
flight operations, emergency handling, etc.) and practical flight training, and pass an
assessment to ensure that they possess the required competencies for the type(s) of
UAS operations to be conducted.

7.1.3 The Chief Remote Pilot and Co-Remote Pilot shall also maintain currency of their UAS
operational experience by having at least two hours of total flight time logged within the
last three months prior to the UAS operations. Such recurrent training requirement may
be fulfilled with test flights, training flights, and/or actual UAS operations.

7.1.4 All training records shall be properly kept and updated by the Accountable Manager.
These records serve as the evidence of remote pilots’ experience and competence in
UAS operations.

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PART D – APPENDICES

Form A Flight Log

Date UAS Used Time (LT) Location | Tasks Performed by

Start End Name Sign

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Form B Battery Log

Charge Battery 1 Battery 2 Battery 3

Cycle Date & Time Sign Date & Time Sign Date & Time Sign
1

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

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Form C Maintenance Log

Date UAS Component Test before Remarks Inspected by

Return to Name Sign
Service (Y/N)
Airframe
Propeller
Battery
Remote
Controller
Camera
Others
Airframe
Propeller
Battery
Remote
Controller
Camera
Others
Airframe
Propeller
Battery
Remote
Controller
Camera
Others
Airframe
Propeller
Battery
Remote
Controller
Camera
Others
Airframe
Propeller
Battery
Remote
Controller
Camera
Others
Airframe
Propeller
Battery
Remote
Controller
Camera
Others

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Form D Incident Log

Part I
Flight Team

Location

Tasks

Weather

Date & Time UAS

Involved

Part II
Description of the Incident

Severity
 Minor (No damage to equipment / persons)  Major
Immediate Actions Taken

Reported by: Date: Acknowledged by: Date:

___________________ __________________ _______________ _______________

Investigation and Recommendations

Reviewed by: Date: Closed by: Date:

____________________ _________________ _______________ _______________

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Form E Site Survey Form

Location

Tasks

Date & Time UAS to be

used

Item Findings / Actions Required

Boundary of the area of operations (including likely
take-off / landing area and alternative site)

Location and height of obstructions (e.g. buildings,

trees, etc.)

Proximity of other aircraft operations

Flight restrictions related to the area of operations

(e.g. temporary Restricted Flying Zones established,
local by-laws at country parks, etc.)
Hazards / possible radio interference associated
with industrial sites or activities such as live firing,
fuel tank, high tension cables, high-intensity radio
transmission, etc.
Habitation and recreational activities nearby

Security measures required to limit public access to

the area of operations

Altitudes and routes to be used on the approach to

and departure from the area of operations

Permission from the land owner / property manager

concerned

Weather conditions for the planned event (e.g.

ground visibility, cloud base, surface wind speed,
precipitation, etc.)

Conducted by:

Name: _____________________________ Signature: __________________________

Position: ___________________________ Date: ______________________________

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Form F Risk Assessment Form

Location Tasks

Date & Time UAS to be used

Risk Identified Hazard Associated Risk Existing Mitigation Current Risk Further Mitigation Revised
No. (What & How) Rating Risk Rating
E.g. Public encroachment Minimum lateral Close the gate at the 4C Warning signs shall be 1C
via a footpath leading to separation cannot be entrance of the area of used to indicate UAS
the area of operations maintained such that operations operations in progress.
uninvolved people might Extra Visual Observers will
be injured if the UAS be stationed along the
gets out of control footpath to advise the
public of the potential
dangers of entering the
area of operations.

Conducted by:

Name: _____________________________ Signature: __________________________

Position: ___________________________ Date: ______________________________

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Form G UAS Operation Checklist

Location

Tasks

Date & Time UAS to be

used

Part I – Pre-Flight
Item Status (Yes / No)
Operating area (including the take-off and landing area) have been
cordoned off from uninvolved people, vehicles, vessels and structures
Prevailing weather conditions are suitable for the UAS operation

There is no flight restriction related to the area of operations based on

the latest Restricted Flying Zones information
Remote control device, mobile device and flight battery are properly
charged (at least 85%)
All UAS components (e.g. flight battery) and payload are secured and
SD card has sufficient capacity
Propellers and propeller guards (if applicable) are in good condition
and mounted correctly and firmly
There is nothing obstructing the motors and they are functioning
normally
Camera lens and sensors for Vision Positioning System / Obstacle
Sensing System are clean
Mobile application and the aircraft’s firmware have been updated to
the latest versions
Mobile application is successfully connected to the aircraft and
telemetry readings such as GPS signal (at least 8 satellites tracked),
command and control data link, etc. are normal
If prompted, follow the on-screen instructions to calibrate the compass
and/or Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)
Gimbal and camera are functioning normally

Geofencing boundary and maximum altitude (if applicable) have been

set, and return-to-home position and altitude have been recorded

Conducted by:

Name: _____________________________ Signature: __________________________

Position: ___________________________ Date: ______________________________

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Part II – Post-Flight
Item Status (Yes / No)
Motor is shut down normally

Aircraft and remote control device are off

Temperature of battery is normal with no swelling

Temperature of motor and remote control device are normal

Visual check on the aircraft is normal with no damage

Propeller(s) are checked with no cracks or damage

Conducted by:

Name: _____________________________ Signature: __________________________

Position: ___________________________ Date: ______________________________

Part III – Fault Report

Fault Description

When was the fault was found? (tick all that are applicable)
 Pre-Flight  Take-off  Climb  Hover  In-flight  Landing  Accident  Maintenance
Likely cause of fault
 Design  Manufacture  Fatigue  Corrosion  Maintenance  Human Factors
 Operational  Others _____________________________________________________
Severity
 Minor (In-house repair / replacement by spares)  Major (Return to manufacturer)
Reported by: Date: Acknowledged by: Date:

___________________ __________________ _______________ _______________

Corrective Actions

Reviewed by: Date: Closed by: Date:

____________________ _________________ _______________ _______________

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END

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