The Research
Problem
Think Shop
Henry C. Encabo, MSc
College of Education
University of Southeastern Philippines
“Research is what I am doing, when
I don’t know what I’m doing.”
The Positivist
Hypothetico-Deductive Reasoning
Hypothetico Deductive
Reasoning
1. Use experience and try to make sense of the problem
2. Formulate a hypothesis ( to be falsified)
3. Deduce consequences from the hypothesis
4. Test & Experiment (Repeat from 2 or 1)
In your experience
An issue in Educational Management that I am
most concerned with is…
Lets analyze the issue
Issue
Why?
Why? Why?
Why?
Why? Why?
Why?
Why?
Why? Why?
Why?
Why? Why?
There are more
girls not finishing G6
Pregnancy
Minding younger
siblings
Sexual Abuse
Parents does not
Relationships with
support schooling
older males
Forced to Work
Does not know how
to protect themselves
No guidance on
Reproductive Health Poverty
What was/is being
done about this issue?
But these are limited because…
What was/is being
done about this issue?
• DepEd has integrated reproductive health lessons in the
curriculum as mandated by DO 31, s. 2018
• But there is no available formal evaluation done whether
this has translated into reproductive health outcomes
( A Gap !!!)
What was/is being
done about this issue?
• Evaluation studies of on reproductive health integration in the
curriculum are being done elsewhere in the world with varied
results
• Results often show improved awareness (Golbasi & Taskin,
2009), positive attitudes and efficacy (Brieger, 2007)
• Some have focused only on the results of the educative process
( A Gap from Literature)
What was/is being
done about this issue?
• Some studies however pointed out that there is an
increase in incidence rates of teenage pregnancy despite
implementing sexuality education in schools (see Jonas,
et al, 2016)
• Reproductive health programs in schools can be
ineffective too ( A Gap from Literature)
What was/is being
done about this issue?
• DO 31, s. 2018 mandates a culturally sensitive and
community collaboration in reproductive health integration
• But this is actually rarely done ! (Another Gap, but this is
just my gut feeling….I need to verify this)
• There is also no published reports on the role of the
community ( A Gap !!!)
What I plan to do
about it…
My proposal is that….
Let’s Recall…
There are more girls not
finishing G6
Pregnancy
Minding younger
siblings
Sexual Abuse
Parents does not
Relationships with
support schooling
older males
Forced to Work
Does not know how
to protect themselves
No guidance on
Reproductive Health Poverty
No guidance on
Reproductive Health
DepEd Integrated RH
Program
But its not clearly
There is no whether community
evaluation done is involved
A purely school
Evaluation focuses based intervention
only on educative might not be enough
outcomes
But its not clearly
whether community
There is no
is involved or other
evaluation done aspects of DO 31
are implemented
Evaluation focuses A purely school
only on educative based intervention
outcomes might not be enough
Beyond Educative A culturally sensitive, rights
Outcomes: An Evaluation & community-based support
of the RH Integration in the system for RH Integration in
K-12 Curriculum the curriculum
Let’s Reflect…
How does a Positivist
look at a research
problem?
