TBA LowReP
Full Method Workflow using
Techlog
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
INTRODUCTION
Thin bed reservoirs are also referred to as:
- LRLC – low resistivity, low contrast
- Low resistivity pay
If these laminated sequences are thinly inter-bedded, the deep
resistivity logs often fail to show a clear resistivity contrast between
sands and adjacent shales in thin inter-bed sequences.
One of the main causes of this is the inherent conductivity of clay minerals.
Low resistivity pay also can be due to small grain size and conductive minerals such as pyrite.
Conventional methods used to estimate reserves in low resistivity pay formations often lead
to underestimating or even completely overlooking the reservoir.
Interpretation challenges include identifying and quantifying hydrocarbons in thin bed
formations, extracting the correct formation resistivity, estimating shaliness and computing
water saturation.
Techlog LowReP module for thin bed analysis (TBA) use RSV & RSH (RT Scanner inversion
results) measurements in the well to address these interpretation challenges.
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
Inputs required for TBA LowReP Method :
• Temperature, Neutron porosity log (convert neutron porosity logging matrix
to Limestone), Density logs, Standard AIT array induction
10-90 inch measurements
• 72” RT Scanner inversion results (RSH and RSV)
• Rw and m from a water sand (from Pickett Plot)
• Total Porosity (from Neutron and Bulk Density)
• It is recommended to put all this logs in one harmonized single dataset (LQC)
to run the workflow
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
WORKFLOW
1. Formation components End Points
2. LowReP method
3. TBA Petrophysical summaries
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
1. Formation components End Points
1. Select Petrophysics > TBA > LowReP (Low Resistivity Pay) > Develop end points
2. Create End points tab 3. Inputs tab
**Note: When you lunch Develop end points for the first time, it ask you to select the
constants folder you would like to import. The constants values used in the LowReP module
are stored in the QUANTI well dataset named ID_LOWREP. To view these constants values,
drag the ID_LOWREP dataset to a Data editor window.
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
1. Formation components End Points
4. End points tab 5. Fluid properties tab
In Develop end points workflow, open the Properties
window and view the Output variables tab. Enter a name -NEU_HCC Hydrocarbon corrected neutron porosity
in the Group field, for example Endpoints:
-DEN_HCC_ND Hydrocarbon corrected bulk density from the
neutron porosity-bulk density cross-plot
Output variables -VSH_ND Shale volume from the neutron porosity-bulk
density cross-plot endpoints
-DEN_HCC_DG Hydrocarbon corrected bulk density from
bulk density-gamma ray cross-plot
Display -VSH_GR Shale volume from the bulk density-gamma ray
cross-plot endpoints
-VSH_AVG Average shale volume of the VSH_ND and VSH_GR
volumes
Display -Neutron Porosity vs Bulk Density cross-plot
-Gamma Ray vs Bulk Density cross-plot
-VSH_ND vs VSH_GR cross-plot
-LogView
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
1. Formation components End Points
Gamma Ray vs Bulk Density cross-plot Neutron Porosity vs Bulk Density cross-plot
In each Cross-plot, four end
points are available:
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
1. Formation components End Points
Gamma Ray vs Bulk Density cross-plot Neutron Porosity vs Bulk Density cross-plot
Move this points Move this points
- The black data points represent the original input data.
- The red points are hydrocarbon-corrected (HCC) points, after accounting for the hydrocarbon
effect.
- The diagonal line across the plot is the clean matrix porosity line that runs from 100% matrix
to 100% fluid. If the red data points from the cleanest sand are to the left of the matrix line,
your data points are not completely corrected for hydrocarbon effect.
- The red data points should have an accurate hydrocarbon correction before you select your
sand and shale formation endpoints.
- In the end points tab, Gamma Ray, Bulk Density and Neutron Porosity endpoints are update
automatically when you graphically adjust the endpoints on the cross-plots
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
1. Formation components End Points
The VSH_ND vs VSH_GR cross-plot shows the correlation between the two volume shale calculations:
Trend line generated by using the VSH_ND and
VSH_GR variables. You can use it as a quality check
indicating that the end points picked in the two
crossplots compute similar values of shale volume.
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
1. Formation components End Points
The LogView display shows the Vshale calculation based on the end point selections (VSD_ND, VSH_GR, VSH_AVG)
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
2. LowReP method
1. Select Petrophysics > TBA > LowReP > Low Resistivity pay AWI
2. Create Low resistivity pay AWI tab
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
2. LowReP method
3. Inputs tab 4. Main LowRep Module-Input properties tab
5. Main LowRep Module-Component Specification tab 6. Main LowRep Module-Shale properties tab
(A)
Laminated shales are anisotropic in nature. You should take into
account this anisotropic property for resistivity measurements. The
Shale Properties tab is used to specify the shale vertical and
horizontal resistivities. You can use the Modified Klein Plot to get
Horizontal and Vertical Resistivity values (next slide).
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
2. LowReP method
Modified Klein Plot : Select vertical and horizontal shale resistivity (Rshv , Rshh)
1. Open a new cross-plot window select Plot > 5. Locate the shale point and manually move the
Cross-plot green dot to the highest density on the shale
point. The modified Klein plot chart overlay
updates automatically for the new data selection.
This green point defines the vertical and
horizontal resistivities, Rshv and Rshh
2. Drag the measured log variable RSH (RH72”) SHALE POINT
as input for the X-axis and RSV (RV72”) as input
for Y-axis
3. Select the chart overlay General, Modified
Klein Plot
4. To locate the shale point, in the Properties
NEW SHALE POINT
window of the Cross-plot window, on the Data
Density tab, change the type from normal to data
density to display by data density
Shale Point coordinates
Enter these values into the Shale
properties tab (A)
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
You can define two resistivity models: Archie or Waxman-
2. LowReP method a. Smits:
-If you select Archie, the only required inputs are m, n and
RW
-If you select Waxman-Smits, more advanced parameter
inputs are required
7. Main LowRep Module-Special Models tab b.
QV computation: three models are available to
compute QV. If QV comes from external
calculations or measurements, you can input it.
QV is computed using default values of c and
max sand porosity as 1 and 100 ohm.m are
a. used.
c. B is a Waxman-Smits parameter for the equivalent cationic
conductance of a sodium ion and can be obtained from a chart.
The options for B at high temperature are: extend or do not
b. d. extend. If you select extend, the B is automatically computed. The
option extend uses a modified Waxman-Smits model that allows
for oil-bearing sands (Waxman, Thomas, SPE 1974). It computes an
c. equivalent conductance (B) vs. resistivity of equilibrating brine at
various temperatures. In the Techlog help, navigate to Techlog
>Petrophysics > Quanti > Saturation Methods> Total porosity
saturation > Waxman B for more information.
Saturation column where you Special Parameters column
can define the resistivity model
d. Special Parameters column:
-If you set the Use Thomas-Stieber Model parameter to Yes: The model adds 2
constraints to the model so that the volumes computed cannot be outside the
Thomas-Stieber triangle. All volumes computed must lie inside the triangle
restrictions.
-If you set the Use Thomas-Stieber Model parameter to No: The model considers
that there is laminated shale only in the formation.
8. Main LowRep Module-Fluids tab
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
2. LowReP method
The LogView display
Outputs are on the right side of the lithological reconstruction. Inputs and their associated reconstructed curves
are on the left side of the LogView
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
2. LowReP method
Output variables
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
2. LowReP method
Output variables
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
2. LowReP method
Output variables
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
3. TBA Petrophysical summaries
1. Select Petrophysics > Summaries 2. Create summaries tab
3. Inputs tab 4. Parameters tab
TBA LowReP Method Workflow
3. TBA Petrophysical summaries Click and see this results in Result MD tab, Result TVD
tab, Result TVDSS tab and Result TST tab. The graphical
5. Flags tab result is show in a LogView window. Save the results in a
Summaries Group select:
Result MD tab LogView Window
