8

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 2
Illustrating and Graphing Linear
Inequalities in Two Variables

CO_Q2_Mathematics 8_ Module 2
 Lesson Linear Inequalities in Two
1
Variables and its Graphs
An online seller is selling washable facemask for 35 pesos each and face shield for 75 pesos
each. How many of each does the seller need to sell to make at least 2 000 pesos?

Situations like the one above can be solved and presented using linear inequalities in two
variables.

Let us begin our lesson by recalling some phrases of inequalities and properties of linear
inequalities you had learned in your Grade 7 Mathematics.

What’s In

Activity 1:
Directions: Match the mathematical phrases in Column A to the mathematical inequalities in Column
B. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B

1. A number decreased by 5 is greater than −9. A. 𝑥 + 4 < 10

B. 𝑥 + 6 ≥ 11
2. A number increased by 4 is less than 10.
C. 𝑎 – 5 > −9
3. Six more than a number is at least 11. D. 𝑥 – 5 ≤ −3

4. Five less than a number is at most −3. E. 2𝑥 + 7 < 15

F. 4𝑥 – 5 ≥ 11
5. Four times a number decreased by 5
is greater than or is equal to 11.

Guide Questions:
a. How did you come up with your answers?
b. Did you encounter difficulty in rewriting mathematical phrases to mathematical inequality?
c. Do you have some patterns when to use the different inequality symbols?

2
CO_Q2_Mathematics 8_ Module 2
Activity 2:
The following are the properties of inequalities that are helpful in solving linear inequalities.
For a, b, c is any element of real numbers.

1. Addition property
a. If 𝑎 < 𝑏, then 𝑎 + 𝑐 < 𝑏 + 𝑐
b. If 𝑎 > 𝑏, then 𝑎 + 𝑐 > 𝑏 + 𝑐
2. Subtraction property
a. If 𝑎 < 𝑏, then 𝑎 − 𝑐 < 𝑏 − 𝑐
b. If 𝑎 > 𝑏, then 𝑎 − 𝑐 > 𝑏 − 𝑐
3. Multiplication property
a. If 𝑎 < 𝑏, and c is positive, then 𝑎𝑐 < 𝑏𝑐
b. If 𝑎 < 𝑏, and c is negative, then 𝑎𝑐 > 𝑏𝑐
4. Division property 𝑏
a. If 𝑎 < 𝑏, and c is positive, then 𝑎 <
𝑐 𝑐𝑏
b. If 𝑎 < 𝑏, and c is negative, then 𝑎 >
𝑐 𝑐

What’s New

Consider the situation about the online seller who is selling washable facemask for
35 pesos each and face shield for 75 pesos each. Complete the table below by finding the
number of face mask and face shield that would satisfy the given condition which is to gain
an amount of at least 2 000 pesos.

No. of Face Amount No. of Face Amount Total

Mask shield
1 𝑃ℎ𝑝 35 1 𝑃ℎ𝑝 75 𝑃ℎ𝑝 110
5 𝑃ℎ𝑝 175 4
8 7 𝑃ℎ𝑝 525 𝑃ℎ𝑝 805
10 𝑃ℎ𝑝 350 9 𝑃ℎ𝑝 1 025
15 12 𝑃ℎ𝑝 900
20 𝑃ℎ𝑝 700 17
25 20 𝑃ℎ𝑝 1 500 𝑃ℎ𝑝 2 375

Guide questions:

1. How many possible number of facemask and face shield can an online seller
could sell to get an amount of at least 𝑃ℎ𝑝2 000 based on the data above?
2. How did you come up with the number of face mask and the number of face shield
which will gain at least 𝑃ℎ𝑝 2 000?
3. Did you encounter difficulty in determining them?
4. Does the total amount decreases/increases as the number of items
decreases/increases?
5. Are there other possible numbers of face mask and face shield that would still yield to
an amount of at least 𝑃ℎ𝑝 2000? How many combinations can you get?
 What is It

In your previous activity, the solution represents linear inequality in two variables. It can be
written as follows.
(𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑘)(𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑘)
+ (𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑)(𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑) ≥ 𝑃ℎ𝑝 2 000

Replacing the number of facemask by variable x and a number of face shield by variable y,
then it becomes,
35𝑥 + 75𝑦 ≥ 2 000

The mathematical statement, 3𝑥 + 75𝑦 ≥ 2 000, is an example of linear inequality in two

variables.
Recall that a linear inequality in two variables is an inequality that can be written in one of the
following forms:
𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 < 𝐶,

𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 > 𝐶,

𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 ≥ 𝐶, and

𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 ≤ 𝐶,

Where 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 are real numbers and 𝐴 and 𝐵 are both not equal to zero.

Note that these forms can also be written in slope-intercept form of linear inequality as the
following:
𝑦 < 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏,

𝑦 > 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏,

𝑦 ≤ 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, and

𝑦 ≥ 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, where m is the slope and 𝑏 is the 𝑦- intercept.

One of the ways to determine the possible solutions of a linear inequality in two variables
is through graphing.

For the inequality, the graph is a region or a half-plane and the line defines the boundary of
the shaded region. The shaded region represents the solution sets of the linear inequality. This
indicates that any ordered pair in the shaded region serves as the solutions. If the inequality involves
< or > ( 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 ), the line drawn is a dashed or broken line, which means the
points on the line are not included in the solution. And if the inequality involves ≤ 𝑜𝑟 ≥, ( is less than
or equal to or is greater than or equal to) the line drawn is a solid line, this means that the points on
the line are included in the solution. Consider the following graphs to better understand the visual
presentation of linear inequalities.
Figure 1. 𝑥 + 𝑦 < 1 Figure 2. 𝑥 + 𝑦 > 1
 Figure 3. 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 1 Figure 4. 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 1
Notice that in Figures I and 2 the line is a dashed or broken line. This means that the
points on this line are not included in the solution. Figures 3 and 4 used solid line. This
means that the points on the line are included in the solution. And the shaded region in
Figure 1 and 3 are in the same location, the same with Figure 2 and 4.
To graph linear inequality in two variables the following steps are
helpful. Step 1: Transform the inequality into the slope-intercept form.
Step 2: Get the slope and y-intercept
Step 3: Locate the y – intercept in the coordinate plane. From it, plot the other points
(at least two points) using the slope.
Step 4: Connect at least two points to draw a line.
Note: (a) use dashed or broken line when the inequality uses the symbols < and
>. This means that the points on this line are not included in the solution set.
(b) use solid line when the inequality uses the symbols ≥ and ≤. This means
that the points on this line are part of the solution set.

Step 5: Notice that the line divided the plane into two. To determine which half-plane
will be shaded, take any point from the half-plane. If the point (ordered pair)
satisfies the given inequality, shade the half-plane where the point is located.

Step 6: Show the graph of the inequality.

To fully understand the steps, let us graph the following inequalities.

Example 1: Graph 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 < 6
Solution:

Step 1. Transform the inequality into slope-intercept form.

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 < 6 Given
2𝑥 + (−2𝑥) + 3𝑦 < (− 2𝑥) + 6 Add −2𝑥 to both sides
(additive inverse)
3𝑦 < − 2𝑥 + 6 Simplification
3𝑦 < 2 6 Divide both sides 3
3 − 𝑥+
3 3
2 Slope – intercept form
𝑦 < − 𝑥+2
3
Step 2. Get the slope and y-intercept
Slope (m) = −2/3 y-intercept (b) = 2

Step 3. Locate the y – intercept in the coordinate plane. From it, locate the other point
using the slope

2
Since the slope is − , this means that from y-intercept with ordered pair (0,2).
3
Since the slope is defined as the Rise over Run, for this example the Rise by 2
units up and Run of 3 units to the left because of negative slope. So, the second
point is (−3, 4).

Step 4. Connect the two points by a line. Since the symbol used is <, then use broken
line.

Step 5. Determine which region or part to be shaded by testing points below the line or
above the line that satisfies the given inequality.
Below the line Above the line
Chosen Point: (0, 0). This means that Chosen Point: (−1,4). This means that
𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦 = 0. 𝑥 = −1 and 𝑦 = 4.

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 < 6 Given 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 < 6 Given

2(0) + 3(0) < 6 Substituting 2(−1) < 6 Substituting
the value of + 3(4) the value of
x and y x and y
0+ 0 < 6 Simplification −2 + 12 < 6 Simplification
0 < 6 Simplification 10 < 6 Simplification
This is True This is False
Thus, the region or part to be shaded is below the line.
 Step 6. Show the graph of the inequality.

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 < 6

The graph shows that all the points on the shaded region are part of the solution
set of the given inequality. Since it is a broken line, then the points on this line
are NOT included in the solution set.

Example 2: Graph 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 > 12

Solution:

Step 1. Transform the inequality into slope-intercept form.

3𝑥 + 4𝑦 > 12 Given

3𝑥 + (−3𝑥) + 4𝑦 > −3𝑥 + 12 Add −3𝑥 to both sides

4𝑦 > −3𝑥 + 12 Simplification

4𝑦 > −3 12 Divide both sides by 4
4 𝑥+
4 4
y > 3 Slope – intercept form
− 𝑥+3
4
Step 2. Get the slope and y-intercept
Slope (m) = − y-intercept (b) = 3
3

4
Step 3. Locate the y – intercept in the coordinate plane. From it, locate the other point
using the slope. 4

3
Since the slope is − , this means that from the y-intercept with ordered pair
4
(0,3), rise by 3 counts and run by 4 counts to the left since the slope is negative.
So, the second point is (−4,6).
Step 4. Connect the two points by a line. Since the symbol used is >, then use broken
line.
3

Step 5. Determine which region or part to be shaded by testing points below the line or
above the line that satisfies the given inequality.
Below the line Above the line
Chosen Point: (0,0). This means that Chosen Point: (0,4). This means that
𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦 = 0. 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦 = 4.
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 > 12 Given 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 > 12 Given
3(0) + 4(0) > 12 Substituting 3(0) + 4(4) > 12 Substituting
the value of x the value of
and y x and y
0+ 0 > 12 Simplification 0 + 16 > 12 Simplification
0 > 12 Simplification 16 > 12 Simplification
This is False This is True

Thus, the region or part to be shaded is above the line.

Step 6. Show the graph of the inequality.

3𝑥 + 4𝑦 > 12

The graph shows that all the points on the shaded region are part of the solution
set of the given inequality. Since it is a broken line, then the points on this line are
NOT included in the solution set.
Example 3: Graph 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 0
Solution:

Step 1. Transform the inequality into slope-intercept form.

5𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 0 Given
5𝑥 + (−5𝑥) + 2𝑦 ≤ −5𝑥 + 0 Add −5𝑥 to both sides (additive
inverse)
2𝑦 ≤ −5𝑥 Simplification
2𝑦 ≤ −5 Divide both sides by 2
2 𝑥
2
y ≤ 5 Slope – intercept form
− 𝑥
2
Step 2. Get the slope and y-intercept

Slope (m) = − y-intercept (b) = 0

5

2
Step 3. Locate the y – intercept in the coordinate plane. From it, locate the other point
using the slope
2

5
Since the slope is − , this means that from point (0, 0), rise by 5 counts upward
2
and run by 2 counts to the left since the slope is negative. So, the second point is
(- 2,5)

Step 4. Connect the two points by a line. Since the symbol used is ≤, then use solid
line. This means that all the points on this line are part of the solution set.
2

5
 Step 5. Determine which region or part to be shaded by testing points below the line
or above the line that satisfies the given inequality.
Below the line Above the line
Chosen Point: (-1,1). This means that Chosen Point: (0,2). This means that x
x = -1 and y = 1. = 0 and y = 2.
5𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 0 Given 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 0 Given
5(−1) + 2(1) ≤ 0 Substituting 5(0) + 2(2) ≤ 0 Substituting
the value of x the value of x
and y and y
−5 + (2) ≤ 0 Simplification 0 + (4) ≤ 0 Simplification

-3 ≤ 0 Simplification 4 ≤ 0 Simplification

This is True This is False

Thus, the region or part to be shaded is below the line.

Step 6. Show the graph of the inequality.

5𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 0

The graph shows that all the points on the shaded region are part of the solution
set of the given inequality. Since it is a solid line, then the points on this line are
included in the solution set.

Example 4: Graph 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≥ 15
Solution:

Step 1. Transform the inequality into slope-intercept form.

2𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≥ 15 Given
2𝑥 + (−2𝑥) + 5𝑦 ≥ −2𝑥 + 15 Add −2𝑥 to both sides (additive
inverse)
5𝑦 ≥ −2𝑥 + 15 Simplification
5𝑦 ≥ 2 15 Divide both sides 5
5 − 𝑥+
5 5
𝑦 ≥ 2 Slope – intercept form
− 𝑥+ 3
5
Step 2. Get the slope and y-intercept
2
Slope (𝑚) = − 𝑦-intercept (𝑏) = 3
5

Step 3. Locate the 𝑦 – intercept in the coordinate plane. From it, locate the other point
using the slope.
5

2
Since the slope is − , this means that from point (0, 3), rise by 2 counts upward
5
and run by 5 counts to the left since the slope is negative. So, the second point is
(-5,5)

Step 4. Connect the two points by a line. Since the symbol used is ≥, then use solid
line. This means that all the points on this line are part of the solution set.

Step 5. Determine which region or part to be shaded by testing points below the line or
above the line that satisfies the given inequality.
Below the line Above the line
Chosen Point: (0,0). This means that Chosen Point: (0,4). This means that
𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦 = 0. 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦 = 4.
2𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≥ 15 Given 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≥ 15 Given

2(0) + 5(0) ≥ 15 Substituting 2(0) + 5(4) ≥ 15 Substituting

the value of x the value of x
and y and y
0+0 ≥ 15 Simplification 0 + 20 ≥ 15 Simplification

0 ≥ 15 Simplification 20 ≥ 15 Simplification
This is False This is True

Thus, the region or part to be shaded is above the line.

 Step 6. Show the graph of the inequality.

2𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≥ 15

The graph shows that all the points on the shaded region are part of the solution
set of the given inequality. Since it is a solid line, then the points on this line are
INCLUDED in the solution set.

The table below shows the summary of examples 1 to 4.

Inequalities Boundary Line Slope – intercept form Shaded Region
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 < 6 Broken Line 2 Below the line
𝑦 <− 𝑥+2
3
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 > 12 Broken Line 3 Above the line
𝑦 >− 𝑥+3
4
5𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 0 Solid Line 5 Below the line
𝑦≤− 𝑥
2
2𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≥ 15 Solid Line 2 Above the line
𝑦 ≥− 𝑥+3
5

Notice that when the inequality symbol used is > or <, the boundary line is broken
line. When the inequality symbol used is ≥ or ≤, the boundary line is solid line. In the
examples above, test points are used to determine whether the solutions lie above or below
the line. However, linear inequalities can also be graphed without using test points provided
that they are written in any of these forms: 𝑦 < 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, 𝑦 > 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, 𝑦 ≤ 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, or 𝑦 ≥ 𝑚𝑥
+ 𝑏.

This can be presented in the table below:

Inequalities Solutions

𝑦 < 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 The half-plane below the line 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏.

𝑦 > 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 The half-plane above the line 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏.

𝑦 ≤ 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 The half-plane on or below the line 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏.

𝑦 ≥ 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 The half-plane on or above the line 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏.

 Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter representing your answer. Write the letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is a linear inequality in two variables?
A. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 C. 3𝑚 + 5𝑛 < 10
B. 𝑥 + 5 > 8 D. 3𝑞 – 2𝑞 ≠ 6
2. Which of the following inequalities illustrate “the sum of 𝑥 and 𝑦 is at most 15”?
A. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 15
C. 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 15
B. 𝑥 + 𝑦 > 15
D. 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 15
3. Which of the following inequality has (5, 1) as a solution?
A. 3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 3 C. 3𝑥 – 𝑦 < 15
B. 3𝑥 – 𝑦 ≤ 3 D. 3𝑥 + 𝑦 < 15
4. For what possible values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 will make the inequality 5𝑥 + 3𝑦 > 12 true?
A. ( 0, 3 ) B. ( 3, -1 ) C. ( 1, 1 ) D. ( 3, 0 )
5. Which of the following inequalities is represented by the given graph?

A. 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 > 2

B. 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 < 2

C. 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 > 2

D. 3𝑥 – 2𝑦 < 2

6. Which is the correct inequality for the shaded region?

A. 𝑦 = − 𝑥 − 2

B. 𝑦 > −𝑥 − 2

C. 𝑦 < − 𝑥 + 2

D. 𝑦 > 𝑥 – 2

7. Which of the following points satisfy the inequality 𝑦 < 2𝑥 – 3?

A. (5, 2) B. (2, 2) C. (2, 5) D. (0, 1)
8. Which of the following inequalities is represented by the graph?
A. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≥ 15
B. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 15
C. 3𝑥 – 2𝑦 ≥ 15
D. 3𝑥 – 2𝑦 ≤ 15
 9. Transform 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 < 7into slope- intercept form.
A. 𝑦 < 3 7 C. 𝑦 > 3 𝑥 − 7
2𝑥 +2 2 2
B. 𝑦 < 3 7 D. 𝑦 > 2 𝑥 − 7
2𝑥 +2 3 3

10. In the inequality 4𝑎 + 3𝑏 < 12, what could be the possible value of 𝑎 if 𝑏 = 2?
A. 𝑎 > 2/3 B. 𝑎 > −3/2 C. 𝑎 < 2/3 D. 𝑎 < 3/2

11. What can be said about solutions of the inequality 𝑥 + 2𝑦 > 5?

A. The solutions are located below the line.
B. The solutions are located above the line.
C. The solutions are on the line.
D. All of the above.
12. The graph of 𝑦 ≤ 2𝑥 + 5 is shown below, which of the following ordered pair does
not satisfies the inequality?
A. (2, −5)

B. (5, 2)

C. (−2, 7)

D. (5, −7)
13. To graph 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 4, we begin by graphing the boundary line of the inequality, what
is the slope (m) and y-intercept (b) of the inequality?
A. 𝑚 = −2, 𝑏 = −1 B. 𝑚 = −2, 𝑏 = 4 C. 𝑚 = 2, 𝑏 = −4 D. 𝑚 = 2, 𝑏 = −1
14. Bam bought 4 mangoes and 7 guavas. The total amount she paid was at least
𝑃ℎ𝑝 230. If 𝑥 represents the cost of each mango and 𝑦 the cost for each guava,
which of the following mathematical statements represents the given situation?
A. 4𝑥 + 7𝑦 ≥ 230 B. 4𝑥 + 7𝑦 ≤ 230 C. 4𝑥 + 7𝑦 > 230 D. 4𝑥 + 7𝑦 < 230
15. The total amount Shobie paid for two kilos of beef and three kilos of fish is less than
𝑃ℎ𝑝 700. Suppose a kilo of beef costs 𝑃ℎ𝑝 250. What what will be the maximum cost
of a kilo of fish? Round –off the answer to a whole number.
A. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 50 B. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 65 C. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 66 D. 𝑃ℎ𝑝 67

Additional Activities

Direction: Read the problem below and answer the questions that follow. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
Lovely paid a total amount of 𝑃ℎ𝑝 600 for 10 kilos of rice and 3 kilos of fish.
1. What mathematical inequality represents the total amount Lovely paid? Define
the variables used.
2. Suppose a kilo of rice costs 𝑃ℎ𝑝 35. What could be the greatest cost of a kilo of
fish to the nearest pesos?
3. Suppose Lovely paid more than 𝑃ℎ𝑝 600 and each kilo of rice costs 𝑃ℎ𝑝 34.
What could be the least amount she will pay for 3 kilos of fish to the nearest pesos?
 Answers Key

4
.

Acti
vity
3
4. (5,4), (5,
(-3,1),-1)
(- 3
5,4)
(1,1), .
2. (1,5),
(0,0)(2,3),
(0,5) (-
(-3,4), (5,5), 1
D
5,8) .
1 Activi
41 ty 2
.3
.   5
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C
𝑦≤𝑥 .3
𝑦+>5𝑥 .2
C   −3 .1
C Da .
S
D
C Shaded she Boun o
C region d dary l
C i Activity 1: My
d Borderline
Assess
ment

15
14
.
13
D.
A.
C
2. Subtraction
1 8 2 Property B
1 77 5
2
9
1 50 0 Activ
7 5 0 ity 2
4
5
28 0 F 5 6
7 2
0 . .
50
4 8
1
5
7 1 0
73
5 55 D
A
Activ
ity 1